Analysis of PRLR and BF Genotypes Associated with Litter Size in Beijing Black Pig Population

This study is aimed at using the DNA mutations in the prolactin receptor （PRLR） and properdin （BF） genes to determine associations between the genotype and litter size in the Beijing Black pig population. A total of 321 Beijing Black pig sows were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method, with the Alu I and Sma I for PRLR and BF genes, respectively. Two different alleles of PRLR and BF genes were identified： allele A （0.25） and B （0.75） of the PRLR gene, allele A （0.13） and B （0.86） of the BF gene. The association analysis between the genotypes and the litter size were estimated with the method of the general linear model. The analysis results of PRLR showed that in first parity, sows with genotype AA had a larger litter size than sows with genotype AB and BB, but the difference was statistically not significant. In later parities, statistically significant （P 〈 0.05） differences were seen between sows with genotypes AA and AB, and BB of the PRLR gene. The associated analysis results between genotypes and litter size （total number born, TNB, and number born alive, NBA） showed that there were no significant differences in the first parity sows with different genotypes of the BF gene, but significant differences appeared in NBA between the sows of genotypes AB and BB, in later parity, for which significantly higher values were observed in the offspring of heterozygotes. Considering the consistent genotypic effect on the litter size of both sows in first parity and later parity, it was concluded that the locus of the PRLR gene, digested with Alu I, could be the gene maker for the litter size in Beijing Black pigs.     

Corelation Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mu Opioid Receptor Exon 2 and Stereotypic Behaviour in Sows

Three breeds of sows were observed to investigate the relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms（SNPs） in Mu Opioid Receptor（MOR）and stereotypic behaviour,such as,sham-chewing,bar biting and standing still in order to better understand the mechanism of stereotypic development of the animals in restrained conditions.MOR exon 2 partial sequences were amplified to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms by PCR-SSCP.One SNP,a silence mutant was found.A significant difference （P〈0.01）was found in the frequency of genotypes in these 3 breeds where only the BB genotype,which was identical to that published in GenBank,was found in the Duroc breed,while no AA genotype was found in Landrace,3 genotypes AA,BB and AB were found in Yorkshire.The result also indicated that the individuals with AA and AB genotypes tended to be more active in sham-chewing than those with the BB genotype（P〈0.05）.The overall results of this study suggested that sham-chewing of sows may be subjected to both genetic control and environmental conditions,but activity level was more likely to be affected by their environment.We can putatively draw the conclusion that MOR gene has effect on the sham-chewing behavioral traits of sow.     

Study on the Polymorphisms of Porcine Myostatin Gene in Promoter Region by PCR-RFLPS

In order to further study functions of the porcine myostatin gene, we analyzed the polymorphisms of porcine myostatin gene in promoter region among different breeds including Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc, Junmu, Min pig and Sanjiang white pig by PCR-RFLPs. The allele T dominated in the imported lean-type pig breeds such as Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. No allele A was detected in Junmu and Sanjiang white pig, and the frequencies of three genotypes were about equal in Min pig. The result using X^2 analysis showed that the distribution of three genotypes was related to pig breeds.     

Investigation of Genetic Variation of B-G Gene with PCR-SSCP and RFLP in Chinese Indigenous Chickens

To reveal genetic variation of MHC B-G gene at Chinese native chickens, two PCR primer pairs were designed to hybridize specifically with conserved sequences surrounding hypervariable regions within the B-G gene and used to amplify two DNA fragments in ten Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one introduced breed. The fragments were cloned and sequenced to assure that the expected sequences of chicken B-G gene were isolated. Of which the 189 bp fragment encompassing the most variable region within exon 2 of B-G gene was employed for PCR-SSCP assay, this method provided evidence for the presence of at least 56 B-G genotypes in the Chinese chickens sampled. It revealed a high degree of diversity in B-G genes of Chinese local breeds; particularly, high variation of B-G gene was confirmed with the presence of 48 B-G genotypes within Tibetan chicken population. Not only can the B-G genotypes be used to preliminarily screen new B-G alleles, but also they would be utilized to investigate MHC haplotypes and matched unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation in immune researches. Another fragment of 401 bp size spanning over partial intron 1 and exon 2 of B-G gene was employed for PCR-RFLP analysis with two restriction enzymes of Msp Ⅰ and Tas Ⅰ in the breeds sampled. In this part of the gene, three novel SNPs were detected at the two restriction sites. It was more generally found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas Ⅰ restriction site, and consequently led to a non-synonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variable-region-like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that an alone mutation of A294G occurring at the site, which also caused the substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine;and we haven't found only single mutation occurred at position 295 of the restriction site. At the Msp Ⅰ site, the transversion of G318C led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The variations at expression level caused by the genetic variability of B-G gene may bring about the changes in immune specificity of B-G antigen finally. Furthermore, two alleles, A and B, were identified at Msp Ⅰ and Tas Ⅰ loci of B-G gene, respectively. The allele frequencies were estimated, which gave a nonsymmetrical distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the introduced breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp Ⅰ locus was tended to be dominative, while, the allele B at Tas Ⅰlocus was tended to be prevalent in the breeds analyzed. It is concluded that the genetic variability of B-G gene revealed by the PCR-SSCP and RFLP assays in Chinese native chickens provide molecular data for further investigating the varied immune functions of B-G antigen; and the PCR-RFLPs at Msp Ⅰ and Tas Ⅰ loci of B-G gene might be used as genetic markers in selecting for the traits of disease resistance in chicken breeding.     

Cloning,expression, and polymorphism of the ECI1 gene in various pig breeds

The enzyme Δ~3,Δ~2-dienoyl-CoA isomerase(ECI1) plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids with a double-bond in odd and even positions. The ECI1 gene might be a qualified candidate for studies pertaining to lipid deposition and meat quality in swine. In the present study, ECI1 cDNA of the Tibetan pig was obtained by in silico cloning and verified by PCR analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of ECI1 were screened by PCR-sequencing and genotypes of those SNPs were tested by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) in Diannan small-ear pigs(DSP, n=40), Tibetan pigs(TP, n=60) and Yorkshire pigs(YP, n=30). The expression levels of ECI1 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting in tissues of the liver, backfat, and longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle of DSP(n=8), TP(n=8) and YP(n=8). Single factor linear correlation analysis was applied separately for each breed to evaluate correlations between ECI1 gene expression in the LD muscle and intramuscular fat(IMF) content. We obtained an ECI1 gene length of 1 401 bp from the cDNA that contained a full coding region of 909 bp. Three novel SNPs(g.42425337GA; g.42424666AG; and g.42422755AG) were detected, and only g.42424666AG exhibited three genotypes among the three breeds. The ECI1 expression levels in the LD muscle of DSP and TP were significantly higher than that of YP(P0.05). Moreover, TP had the highest ECI1 expression in backfat(P0.01), and a positive correlation was observed between gene expression and IMF content. The results suggest that differences in ECI1 gene expression might be related to lipid deposition and meat quality in pig.     

猪ADAMTS-1基因对繁殖性状的遗传效应分析(英文)

The nucleotide sequences in exon 7 of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1(ADAMTS-1)gene in Landrace pig were obtained with cloning and sequencing by using PCR-RFLP technique in this experiment.Sequence alignment results showed that the C/G substitution in exon 7 induced amino acid change(Arg → Pro).AA,BB and AB genotypes were found in Landrace pig by PvuⅡ-RFLP.Correlation analysis between genotypes and reproductive traits indicated that ADAMTS-1 was significantly correlated with litter size(LS)and number born alive(NBA).     

Genetic Effects of ADAMTS-1 Gene on Reproductive Traits in Landrace Pig

The nucleotide sequences in exon 7 of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1(ADAMTS-1)gene in Landrace pig were obtained with cloning and sequencing by using PCR-RFLP technique in this experiment.Sequence alignment results showed that the C/G substitution in exon 7 induced amino acid change(Arg → Pro).AA,BB and AB genotypes were found in Landrace pig by PvuⅡ-RFLP.Correlation analysis between genotypes and reproductive traits indicated that ADAMTS-1 was significantly correlated with litter size(LS)and number born alive(NBA).     

猪ADAMTS-1基因对繁殖性状的遗传效应分析(英文)

The nucleotide sequences in exon 7 of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1(ADAMTS-1)gene in Landrace pig were obtained with cloning and sequencing by using PCR-RFLP technique in this experiment.Sequence alignment results showed that the C/G substitution in exon 7 induced amino acid change(Arg → Pro).AA,BB and AB genotypes were found in Landrace pig by PvuⅡ-RFLP.Correlation analysis between genotypes and reproductive traits indicated that ADAMTS-1 was significantly correlated with litter size(LS)and number born alive(NBA).     

Characterization, Imprinting Status and Tissue Distribution of Porcine GTL2 Gene

The callipyge （CLPG） phenotype, exhibiting polar overdominance （POD）, is an inherited skeletal muscle hypertrophy described in sheep. The callipyge locus maps to the distal portion of ovine chromosome 18 within the DLKI-GTL2 region and corresponds to human chromosome 14 and mouse chromosome 12. The POD phenomenon is confirmed to the homologous region of swine chromosome 7. In order to clone and investigate the expression of porcine GTL2 gene, DNA and RNA samples from 60-day-old F1 animals, generated with reciprocal crosses between Large White and Meishan breeds and their parents, were used. The authors showed that porcine GTL2 acted as a uoncoding RNA. cDNA samples exhibited maternal expression of the gene in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and fat in pigs, and a unique tissue-specific expression different from that of humans and mice. These results indicated that the gene was conserved in the pig, human, mouse, and bovine. It will be of interest to further study the gene functions in muscle growth and fat deposition.     

Sequencing, Polymorphism and Expression Profile Analysis of Porcine Hexokinase Ⅱ (HK2) Gene

Hexokinase Ⅱ has been demonstrated to play the role of a key enzyme member in the glycolysis reaction. It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, thus committing glucose to the glycolytic pathway. In this paper, the partial exons and introns 10, 11, 13 and 14 of the porcine HK2 gene were cloned and sequenced by comparative genomics.Comparative sequencing of three pig breeds revealed ten putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one of which in intron 10 with differing bases (G981A) is within the restriction site for enzyme Msp Ⅰ. Distribution of Msp Ⅰ -RFLP genotype and allele frequencies among different pig breeds were studied. By association analysis between Msp Ⅰ PCR-RFLP polymorphism (AA, AB, BB genotypes of HK2 gene intron 10) and some meat quality and carcass traits in F2 group,which was constructed by our laboratory, a significant difference of pig average backfat at rump was found between AB and BB genotypes (P ＜ 0 05) in F2 group. In addition, the pattern of expression of HK2 in a variety of tissues in pig was also determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of HK2 mRNA was detected only in pig skeletal muscle.     

藏猪生长激素（pGH）基因多态性研究

猪生长激素（pGH）是猪生长发育性状重要的候选基因之一。采用PCR RFLP技术检测藏猪pGH基因+159～+734 bp片段的Dra I、Apa I和Msp I酶切多态性。结果显示,藏猪群体中Dra I酶切全部切开,无多态;Apa I酶切具有4个等位基因,出现5种基因型,其中CC基因型（299A/432C）频率最高,为0.7857;藏猪群体Msp I酶切出现3种基因型,杂合性CT基因型频率最高,为0.5089,等位基因C和T频率分别为0.5580和0.4420。经比较,藏猪pGH基因Dra I酶切位点与其他猪种一样无多态性,而Apa I酶切出现了特异的432突变位点,Msp I酶切等位基因分布相对均衡,表现出与其他猪种的差异。     

不同品种猪生长激素基因的PCR-RFLPs分析

采用PCR-RFLPs技术，对香猪、上海白猪、大约克夏猪生长激素基因-119～＋715区域共834bp片段的扩增产物分别用ApaI、DraI、MspI三种限制性内切酶检测酶切位点的多态性。结果显示：ApaI酶切时．三个品种的猪都产生了3种基因型（AA、BB和AB），BB基因型的频率以大约克夏猪最高．AB基因型的频率以香猪最高．三个猪种间基因型频率、等位基因频率的差异不显著（P〉0．05）；DraI酶切时．各品种猪均未呈现酶切位点的多态性；MspI酶切时，仅大约克夏猪表现出2种基因型（CC、CD），香猪、上海白猪未产生酶切位点多态性。结论：AB基因型的频率以香猪为最高，它可能是小型猪的有利基因型；在香猪和上海白猪中DraI和Mspl酶切位点的多态性比较贫乏。     

贵州地方猪品种脂蛋白脂酶基因第8内含子的多态性研究

以可乐猪、萝卜猪和香猪3个贵州地方猪种和欧洲猪种为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对脂蛋白脂酶（Lip-oprotein lipase,LPL）基因第8内含子的多态性进行了研究。以特异性PCR从样品基因组中扩增出163bp的DNA片段,经非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,从两个猪群体的LPL基因第8内含子中都检测到了AA基因型和AB基因型,未检测到BB基因型;欧洲猪品种和贵州地方猪品种均以AB基因型占优势;与欧洲猪品种相比,贵州地方猪品种的B等位基因频率明显较高,A等位基因频率则较低。     

猪H-FABP基因内含子1的一个遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

[目的]为H-FABP基因运用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择提供基础资料。[方法]应用PCR-SSCP方法分析H-FABP基因在山西白猪、马身猪、大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪5个猪种的多态性,并研究基因型与肌内脂肪含量的相关性。[结果]在猪H-FABP基因内含子1扩增的片段上发现了一个多态性,检测到2个等位基因（A、B）、3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,并对纯合子进行测序,发现SSCP的变异是由碱基C→T的替换造成的。基因型在不同猪种分布的多重比较表明,马身猪与山西白猪、长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪间基因型分布差异极显著（P〈0.01）,其他纯种猪群间基因型分布差异不显著（P〉0.05）。固定效应模型分析表明,肌内脂肪含量基因型间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。最小二乘分析表明,BB基因型个体与AA基因型个体比较肌内脂肪含量差异显著（P〈0.05）。[结论]H-FABP基因对猪肉品质存在一定的影响。     

猪H-FABP基因内含子1的遗传多态性及其遗传效应分析

[目的]为H-FABP基因运用于猪育种过程中的标记辅助选择提供基础资料。[方法]应用PCR-SSCP方法分析H-FABP基因在山西白猪、马身猪、大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪5个猪种的多态性,并研究基因型与肌内脂肪含量的相关性。[结果]在猪H-FABP基因内含子1扩增的片段上发现了一个多态性,检测到2个等位基因（A、B）,3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,并对纯合子进行测序,发现SSCP的变异是由碱基C→T的替换造成的。基因型在不同猪种分布的多重比较表明,马身猪与山西白猪、长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪间基因型分布差异极显著（P〈0.01）,其他纯种猪群间基因型分布差异不显著（P〉0.05）。固定效应模型分析表明,肌内脂肪含量基因型间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。最小二乘分析表明,BB基因型个体与AA基因型个体比较肌内脂肪含量的差异显著（P〈0.05）。[结论]H-FABP基因对猪肉品质存在一定的影响。     

The Effects of Mx1 Locus on Immunity Tracts Components in Large White×Meishan F2 Offspring

The mouse Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is known to be sufficient to confer resistance to influenza viruses, and genes encoding Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for disease resistance in farm animals. The porcine Mxl gene has already been identified and characterized based on its homology with mouse Mxl; the full-length coding region of the pig Mxl gene spans 2 545 bp (M65087) and is organized into 17 exons compared with the human ortholog mRNA. In this study, the exons 9, 10, 11 and introns 6, 9 of the porcine Mxl gene were cloned and sequenced; two SNPs were identified in exons 9, 10, 11 but none of the SNPs led to an amino acid exchange, and the other eleven variants were detected in introns 6 and 9, respectively. Differences in allele frequency among Meishan, Large White, Tibetan, Tongcheng, Huainan, and Duroc pigs were observed within intron 9, of which an A → G substitution at position 186 was detected as an Msp Ⅰ PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association analysis using the Large White×Meishan F2 offspring suggested that the Mxl genotype was associated with variation in several immunity traits that are of interest in pig breeding. However, further investigations in more populations are needed to confirm the above concept.     

Polymorphism Analysis on Partial Sequence of Pig Obese Gene of Different Breeds by PCR-SSCP

Obese gene (ob gene) was identified in mouse adi- pose tissues in 1954, and it has an autosomal reces- sive genetic pattern[1]. Mouse ob gene is located on chromosome 6, whose mutation will lead to seriously genetic fatness. Human ob gene is mapped on q31…     

鹅GH基因内含子3多态性及其与体重和屠宰性能相关分析

根据鸭GH基因序列设计引物扩增籽鹅、皖西白鹅和狮头鹅3个地方鹅品种GH基因内含子3片段,并运用PCR-SSCP技术进行单核苷酸多态性分析.结果表明: 鹅GH基因内含子3存在多态性,得到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型.3个品种中等位基因B占绝对优势,且主要以BB型存在.品种内基因型分布差异不显著,3个品种均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);而品种间,籽鹅与皖西白鹅基因型分布差异显著.基因型与4～10周龄体重、屠体重、半净膛重等19个性状呈显著相关.这19个性状的BB型个体均显著或极显著高于AA型个体,除胸肌率外,BB型个体各性状均值最高,AB型次之,AA型最小.故初步推断BB基因型可作为地方鹅品种高生产性能的分子标记.     

新疆细毛羊和陕北细毛羊羊毛细度候选基因的PCR-SSCP分析

选取60只新疆细毛羊和48只陕北细毛羊,利用PCR-SSCP分子标记对其羊毛细度候选基因的5个位点(S1,S2,S3,S4,S5)进行了多态性分析。结果表明,2个绵羊品种在5个位点上A等位基因的频率均高于B等位基因。在S1,S5位点上,新疆细毛羊和陕北细毛羊均检测到AA,AB,BB 3种基因型;在S2位点上,新疆细毛羊检测到AA,BB,CC,DD 4种基因型,陕北细毛羊检测到AA,AB,BB 3种基因型;在S3位点上,新疆细毛羊检测到AA,AB 2种基因型,陕北细毛羊检测到AA,AB,BB 3种基因型;在S4位点上,新疆细毛羊和陕北细毛羊均检测到AA,BB 2种基因型。新疆细毛羊和陕北细毛羊的平均杂合度分别为0.445 0和0.399 7。新疆细毛羊P IC平均值为0.366 6,S1,S3,S4和S5位点均处于中度多态,而S2(P IC=0.555 1)处于高度多态;陕北细毛羊P IC平均值为0.318 9,5个位点均处于中度多态。以上结果表明,S1,S2,S3,S4和S55个位点可以作为有效的遗传标记用于优质细毛羊的遗传多样性分析,2个绵羊品种群体内的遗传变异程度高,遗传多样性丰富,选择潜力大。