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1.
甘肃马铃薯晚疫病病菌交配型及对甲霜灵的敏感性   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
检测了2007—2009年在甘肃省采集分离的马铃薯晚疫病菌的交配型及其对甲霜灵的敏感性。79株晚疫病菌进行交配型检测结果表明,69株为A1交配型,4株为A2交配型,6株为自育型;117株马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵敏感性检测结果为:60.68%的菌株对甲霜灵表现高抗,11.97%表现中抗,27.35%表现敏感。  相似文献   

2.
2013~2015年黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌群体结构研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从交配型、甲霜灵敏感性和生理小种组成上研究黑龙江省马铃薯主产区晚疫病菌群体结构.试验材料采自2013 ~2015年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔、绥化、哈尔滨和佳木斯地区马铃薯大田.交配型测定结果表明,在132株菌株中,A1交配型占总菌株68.18%,A2交配型占总菌株31.82%;甲霜灵敏感性测定结果显示,在127株菌株中,敏感性菌株、中抗菌株、高抗菌株分别占17.32%、4.72%、77.95%;在84个晚疫病菌株中,共鉴定出37个生理小种类型,生理小种类型趋于复杂,其中优势小种为1.3.4.7.9.10.研究可为黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病有效防控提供理论依据.  相似文献   

3.
马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性监测及替代药剂防治效果   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
【目的】监测河北、内蒙古、吉林3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)对苯基酰胺类杀菌剂甲霜灵的抗性发展动态,筛选甲霜灵的高效替代药剂并对其交替使用防治马铃薯晚疫病的效果进行研究,为甲霜灵抗性严重地区的马铃薯晚疫病防治提供参考。【方法】共采集、分离到634个马铃薯晚疫病菌的单孢菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对甲霜灵的敏感性,通过田间药效试验筛选甲霜灵高效替代药剂并评估交替用药对甲霜灵抗性菌株占优势地区马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。【结果】3个地区的马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵已普遍产生抗性,抗性频率达100%,平均抗性倍数高达34 934,抗性指数为0.97。其中2011—2012年晚疫病菌群体中以中抗菌株和高抗菌株为主,2013—2016年均为高抗菌株。吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的平均抗性倍数略高于河北地区菌株的平均抗性倍数。2011—2012年吉林和内蒙古地区菌株的抗性指数略高于河北地区菌株的抗性指数,2013—2016年3个地区的抗性指数均达到最高值1.00。田间药效试验中按照推荐浓度4次喷药,25%甲霜灵SC、68%精甲·锰锌WG和64%霜·锰锌WP的防治效果分别为37.0%、67.5%和50.9%—65.8%,显著低于80%代森锰锌WP的防治效果(72.8%),而10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP、687.5 g·L~(-1)氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、16%氟噻唑吡乙酮·嘧菌酯SC和26%氟噻唑吡乙酮·双炔酰菌胺SC对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果良好(83.9%—90.3%),可作为甲霜灵的替代药剂。将10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP和687.5 g·L~(-1)氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC等不同作用机理的高效替代药剂与代森锰锌、嘧菌酯和氟吗啉等药剂交替使用5—6次,对晚疫病防治效果为88.3%—90.5%,比代森锰锌、苯基酰胺类杀菌剂和霜脲·锰锌等常规药剂交替施药区马铃薯增产64.4%—78.3%。【结论】河北、内蒙古和吉林地区马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵普遍产生抗性,导致25%甲霜灵SC、68%精甲·锰锌WG和64%霜·锰锌WP等苯基酰胺类杀菌剂田间防治效果明显下降,生产中应暂停使用含甲霜灵、精甲霜灵和霜灵的杀菌剂防治马铃薯晚疫病。10%氟噻唑吡乙酮OD、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG、50%烯酰吗啉WP、687.5 g·L~(-1)氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、16%氟噻唑吡乙酮·嘧菌酯SC和26%氟噻唑吡乙酮·双炔酰菌胺SC等作用机理不同的药剂可以作为甲霜灵的高效替代药剂。代森锰锌等广谱性保护剂与嘧菌酯、烯酰吗啉、氟吗啉、氟噻唑吡乙酮和氟吡菌胺·霜霉威等高效内吸剂交替使用,可对抗甲霜灵地区的马铃薯晚疫病进行有效治理。  相似文献   

4.
《吉林农业科学》2015,(5):58-62
2012~2014年在黑龙江省各马铃薯主产区共分离了151株马铃薯晚疫病菌,并测定了晚疫病菌的交配型、瑞毒霉敏感性和mt DNA单倍型。交配型测定结果显示,分离的151株马铃薯晚疫病菌中,A1交配型为103株(68.2%),自育型为33株(21.9%),A2交配型为15株(9.9%)。这说明黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌的群体结构发生了明显的变化。瑞毒霉测定结果显示,2012~2014年分离的151株菌株中敏感性菌株占3.3%,中抗菌株占6.6%,抗性菌株占90.1%,表明黑龙江省部分马铃薯主产区分离的晚疫病菌已对瑞毒霉产生抗药性。线粒体DNA单倍型的测定结果显示在黑龙江省部分马铃薯主产区共发现了3种线粒体DNA单倍型,分别为Ia,Ib和IIa。其中,IIa mt DNA单倍型的数量最多,发生频率为86.1%。这说明IIa mt DNA单倍型是黑龙江省部分马铃薯主产区的优势种群。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】对马铃薯晚疫病菌群体特征进行系统分析,为马铃薯晚疫病的防控提供科学依据。【方法】对2008—2011年采集自四川的马铃薯晚疫病菌的交配型、甲霜灵敏感性、生理小种及mtDNA单倍型进行分析。【结果】四川马铃薯晚疫病菌以A2交配型为主,占测定菌株的62.5%,A1交配型和自育型菌株的发生频率分别为18.8%和18.4%,A1交配型菌株集中在九龙县和普格县。192个菌株中共测定出55个生理小种,其中生理小种1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11发生频率最高,99.48%的供试菌株含有多个毒力基因。甲霜灵敏感性测定发现四川马铃薯晚疫病菌群体包含抗性、中抗和敏感菌株,分别占测定菌株的63.0%、22.0%和15.0%,敏感菌株分布于普格县、道孚县和九龙县。检测到四川马铃薯晚疫病菌有Ⅰa和Ⅱa两种单倍型,分别占测定菌株的97.4%和2.6%,为第二次全球迁移后出现的“新”群体,Ⅰa单倍型马铃薯晚疫病菌广泛分布于四川各马铃薯产区,其中存在A1交配型、A2交配型、自育型和未知交配型菌株。【结论】四川马铃薯晚疫病菌群体组成日趋复杂,亟待发掘新抗源和培育水平抗病品种,以及合理布局已有抗病品种和利用马铃薯晚疫病预警系统,科学防控马铃薯晚疫病。  相似文献   

6.
对采自黑龙江省和吉林省的马铃薯晚疫病菌进行了交配型的测定。结果表明,来自吉林省龙井市和黑龙江省5个县市的67个菌株均为A1交配型,未发现A2交配型。为了筛选对晚疫病有效的杀菌剂,在室内测定了不同杀菌剂的抗药性。马铃薯晚疫病菌对杀菌剂的抗性的测定结果显示,对于瑞毒霉,5个菌株敏感,占8.8%;10个菌株中抗,占17.5%;42个菌株是抗性菌株,占73.7%。对于韩乐威没有菌株能在1.0μg·mL-1的浓度生长,只有1株菌株在0.5μg·mL-1上生长,表明韩乐威的最低抑制浓度是0.2~0.5μg·mL-1。对于烯酰吗啉,大多数菌株能在0.5μg·mL-1的浓度上生长,在1.0μg·mL-1上生长的有2个菌株,表明烯酰吗啉的最低抑制浓度是0.5~1.0μg·mL-1,并且3种杀菌剂没有产生交互抗性。  相似文献   

7.
采用菌落直径法测定了河北省和吉林省部分马铃薯产区的晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯、精甲霜灵和甲霜灵的敏感性.结果表明两省被测的97个晚疫病菌株对嘧菌酯均表现为敏感.在被测的河北围场65株晚疲病菌株中,多数对精甲霜灵高抗,其中高抗、中抗和敏感比例分别为72.3%、26.2%和1.5%,而在被测的32株吉林长春菌株中,多数对精甲霜灵敏感,其中敏感、中抗和高抗菌株所占比例分别为81.3%、15.6%和3.1%.在被测的35株河北省围场县晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性中,所有菌株都为抗性菌株,并且高抗菌株占97.1%;而在18株吉林长春晚疫病菌株中,多数为敏感菌株,其中敏感、中抗和高抗比例分别为77.8%、16.7%和5.5%.研究还发现精甲霜灵和甲霜灵对部分高抗菌株具有刺激菌丝生长的作用.  相似文献   

8.
云南省马铃薯、番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵敏感性及地理分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用含药平板法对2003年至2005年分离自云南省22个马铃薯和番茄产区的257个马铃薯和番茄晚疫病菌菌株的甲霜灵敏感性进行了系统的测定。结果表明,在11个马铃薯或番茄产区检测到甲霜灵抗性或中抗菌株的马铃薯和番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性表现出明显的差异,马铃薯晚疫病菌主要由甲霜灵敏感群体组成,而番茄晚疫病菌主要由甲霜灵抗性和中抗群体组成。测定的167个马铃薯晚疫病菌中,甲霜灵抗性、中抗、敏感菌株分别为20.4%、7.2%和72.4%;测定的90个番茄晚疫病菌中,甲霜灵抗性、中抗、敏感菌株分别为56.7%、28.9%和14.4%。马铃薯和番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵抗性和中抗菌株在滇中多季作种植区内发生的比例较高。甲霜灵的药效已在云南省的少数马铃薯和大部分番茄产区下降甚至失效,因此,避免长期使用单一的杀菌剂对晚疫病进行防治是非常必要的。  相似文献   

9.
旨在明确云南省马铃薯春作区晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性,为马铃薯晚疫病化学防治提供参考。采用菌落直径法对2018-2020年采自云南省春作区的301株马铃薯晚疫病菌进行甲霜灵敏感性测定,结果显示:甲霜灵高抗、中抗、敏感菌株分别占测定菌株的76.41%、21.26%和2.33%。研究结果表明,2018-2020年云南省马铃薯春作区晚疫病菌甲霜灵抗性菌株已高达97.67%,甲霜灵已不能在云南省春作区用于防治晚疫病。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]鉴定2011至2015年新疆阿克苏、疏勒、叶城等地的晚疫病原菌交配型并测定病原菌对甲霜灵敏感性,掌握P.infestans种群在新疆是否有有性生殖存在,为番茄晚疫病的防治药剂筛选和轮换,以及防治策略的制定提供科学依据.[方法]采集番茄的病害部位(病果、病叶和病茎),在燕麦培养基上对其进行组织分离保存,采用对峙培养法鉴定保存菌株交配型,采用含药平板法测定保存菌株敏感性.[结果]阿克苏市、疏勒县、叶城县和墨玉县温室采集样品分离保存的37个菌株均为A1交配型,无A2交配型和自育型菌株.37个番茄晚疫病菌菌株中,敏感菌占总数的0;,中抗菌株占35.14;,抗性菌株占64.86;.抗性菌株的抗性水平都在1.8 ×103倍以上.[结论]在自然条件下阿克苏市、墨玉县、叶城县和疏勒县等地番茄晚疫病菌没有有性生殖发生,番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵具有较高抗性.  相似文献   

11.
甘肃省马铃薯致病疫霉交配型组成及其对甲霜灵的抗药性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了明确甘肃省马铃薯致病疫霉交配型组成与对甲霜灵的抗药性,采用生长速率法对2007-2012年采集标样中分离到186株致病疫霉菌进行甲霜灵抗药性测定,利用对峙培养法对147株代表性菌株进行交配型测定。结果表明:甘肃省马铃薯致病疫霉交配型由A1、A2、A1A2交配型和自育型菌株组成,分别占被测菌株的61.20%、20.40%、2.10%、16.30%;186株致病疫霉中28.50%的菌株对甲霜灵表现敏感,15.60%表现中抗,55.90%表现高抗。甘肃省马铃薯致病疫霉交配型组成复杂,各采集地组成差异较大,对甲霜灵表现抗药性的菌株普遍存在各采集地。  相似文献   

12.
番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性检测   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
 【目的】研究广西番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,以期为该病的综合治理提供科学依据。【方法】用菌落生长直径法测定病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,并用叶盘漂浮法加以比较。【结果】2000~2006年,从广西8个冬春植番茄区采集分离了239个菌株,测定结果表明,对甲霜灵表现为敏感型、中间型和抗性型的频率分别为42.26%、35.98%和23.53%,不同地区和年份的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性差异很大。来自田林县、武宣县的菌株均为甲霜灵敏感性菌株,但在田阳县,抗甲霜灵菌株占优势,抗性频率高达51.35%,一些菌株的EC50值在500 µg•ml-1以上,抗性水平超过105倍。虽然霜脲氰在广西使用了近10年,烯酰吗啉也已应用了5~6年,但并未检测到番茄晚疫病菌对它们的敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,病菌的敏感性接近正态分布,因此可以采用它们的平均EC50值(霜脲氰0.1647±0.0255 µg•ml-1,烯酰吗啉0.0970±0.0052 µg•ml-1)作为抗药性监测的敏感性基线。叶盘漂浮法测定结果与菌落生长直径法一致。【结论】广西田林县、武宣县和南宁市番茄晚疫病菌尚未出现抗甲霜灵菌株,仍可用甲霜灵来防治该病,而其它地区则应减少或不使用甲霜灵,改用霜脲氰或烯酰吗啉。  相似文献   

13.
The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were determined for the sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph to give the basic information for integrating disease management. Sensitivities were tested by measuring the radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. 239 isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000-2006. The testing results indicated that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates to metalaxyl were 42.26, 35.98, and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities amongst isolates from different areas or different years were very high for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of certain isolates from Tianyang were higher than 500 μg mL-1 and their resistance levels were over 100000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used for nearly 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, there was no decrease in sensitivity of P. infestans populations and the sensitivities of the pathogen were nearly normally distributed. Hence, their mean EC50 value [cymoxanil (0.1647±0.0255) μg mL-1, dimethomorph (0.0970±0.0052) μg mL-1] could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the field resistance development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicates that both the techniques provided equivalent results. These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan, and Nanning due to the resistant isolates that have not been found, while for those areas with resistant isolate, the use of metalaxyl should be reduced or alternated, and cymoxanil or dimethomorph was recommended for controlling late blight disease of tomato.  相似文献   

14.
A total of 104 isolates including two Korean isolates and three Japanese isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces from 2006 to 2008 were used to determine their mating types,metalaxyl resistance,and RAPD genotypes.All the isolates of P.infestans collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces belonged to A 1 mating type,and no A 2 mating type was detected.Frequencies of metalaxyl resistant isolates were 94.4%,47.8% and 75.0% in 2006,2007 and 2008,respectively.Accord...  相似文献   

15.
The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were determined for the sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph to give the basic information for integrating disease management. Sensitivities were tested by measuring the radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. 239 isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000-2006. The testing results indicated that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates to metalaxyl were 42.26, 35.98, and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities amongst isolates from different areas or different years were very high for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of certain isolates from Tianyang were higher than 500 μg·mL^-1 and their resistance levels were over 100 000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used for nearly 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, there was no decrease in sensitivity of P. infestans populations and the sensitivities of the pathogen were nearly normally distributed. Hence, their mean ECs0 value [cymoxanil (0.1647 ±0.0255) μg·mL^-1, dimethomorph (0.0970 ± 0.0052) μg·mL^-1 could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the field resistance development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicates that both the techniques provided equivalent results. These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan, and Nanning due to the resistant isolates that have not been found, while for those areas with resistant isolate, the use of metalaxyl should be reduced or alternated, and cymoxanil or dimethomorph was recommended for controlling late blight disease of tomato.  相似文献   

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