表达CpTI或CpTI+Bt基因水稻对二化螟的杀虫活性

明恢86是目前我国应用最为广泛的优良籼稻恢复系,明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt分别为表达豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因(单基因)和CpTI+Bt蛋白基因(双基因)的明恢86.以明恢86为对照,系统测定了明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt对二化螟的杀虫活性.结果表明,明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt对二化螟都表现出很强的杀虫活性.取食分孽期明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt7d后,二化螟1龄幼虫的校正死亡率高达88.6%和92.1%,对二化螟均表现高抗.该转基因水稻还对存活二化螟幼虫的生长发育产生了明显的影响,取食明恢86、明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt后存活的二化螟幼虫历期分别为(36±1.9)、(47±2.9)和(46±2.0)d,饲喂该转基因水稻后二化螟的幼虫历期明显延长.此外,二化螟老熟幼虫取食该转基因水稻后,鲜重平均减少了8-11mg,蛹重明显减轻,繁殖能力明显下降.     

水稻三化螟综合防治技术

三化螟属鳞翅目螟蛾科,俗称蛀心虫、钻心虫等,是我国水稻主要害虫之一.该虫以幼虫钻蛀稻株危害,在分蘖期危害形成枯心病,在孕稻期危害造成白穗和枯孕穗.一般发生年份,危害率在5%～10%,发生重的年份,损失产量在20%以上.     

水稻三化螟及二化螟防治

三化螟三化螟属鳞翅目螟蛾科,俗称蛀心虫、钻心虫等,是我国南方水稻主要害虫之一。该虫以幼虫钻蛀稻株危害,在分蘖期危害形成枯心病,在孕稻期危害造成白穗和枯孕穗。一般发生年份,危害率在5%～10%,发生重的年份,损失产量在20%以上。     

水稻三化螟及二化螟防治

三化螟三化螟属鳞翅目螟蛾科,俗称蛀心虫、钻心虫等,是我国南方水稻主要害虫之一。该虫以幼虫钻蛀稻株危害,在分蘖期危害形成枯心病,在孕稻期危害造成白穗和枯孕穗。一般发生年份,危害率在5%～10%,发生重的年份,损失产量在20%以上。一、形态特征     

表达CpTI或CpTI+Bt基因水稻对二化螟杀虫活性

明恢86是目前我国应用最为广泛的优良籼稻恢复系,明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt分别为表达豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因(单基因)和CpTI+Bt蛋白基因(双基因)的明恢86.以明恢86为对照,系统测定了明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt对二化螟的杀虫活性.结果表明,明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt对二化螟都表现出很强的杀虫活性.取食分孽期明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt7d后,二化螟1龄幼虫的校正死亡率高达88.6%和92.1%,对二化螟均表现高抗.该转基因水稻还对存活二化螟幼虫的生长发育产生了明显的影响,取食明恢86、明恢86CpTI和明恢86CpTI+Bt后存活的二化螟幼虫历期分别为(36±1. 9)、(47±2. 9)和(46±2.0) d,饲喂该转基因水稻后二化螟的幼虫历期明显延长.此外,二化螟老熟幼虫取食该转基因水稻后,鲜重平均减少了8-11 mg,蛹重明显减轻,繁殖能力明显下降.     

性诱剂对水稻二化螟的田间防效

<正>二化螟[Chilo suppressalis(Walker)]属鳞翅目螟蛾科,俗名钻心虫,蛀心虫、蛀秆虫等,是我国水稻上危害最为严重的常发性害虫之一。水稻在分蘖期受害会造成枯鞘、枯心苗,在穗期受害会造成虫伤株和白穗,一般年份会减产3%—5%,严重时减产在3成以上。近年来发生数量呈明显上升的态势,除危害水稻外,还危害茭白、玉米、高粱、甘蔗、油菜、蚕豆、麦类等作物。传统的防治方法是发现水稻二化螟幼虫后     

黑尾叶蝉的发生与防治

<正> 黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix Cincticcps Unler)是水稻的重要害虫之一,历年发生普遍,水稻整个生长期间均受其害.秧苗受害后,叶色变黄枯死;分蘖期受害,色叶发黄,植株矮小;穗期受害穗子青灰,空壳粒增加.同时又是水稻普通萎缩病、黄矮病和黄萎病的主要媒介昆虫.现将1977-1979年的研究结果报告如下.一、形态成虫头部黄绿色,头顶钝圆,复眼黑褐色,两复眼     

水稻二化螟的防治技术

二化螟系螟蛾科昆虫的一种,又称钻心虫,长期以来一直是水稻的主要虫害之一。1、危害症状二化螟在水稻分蘖期危害,造成枯鞘和枯心苗;幼虫蛀入稻茎后剑叶尖端变黄,受害茎上有蛀孔,孔外虫粪很少,茎内虫粪多,稻秆易折断,别于大螟和三化螟危害造成的枯心苗。孕穗期、抽穗期受害,出现枯孕穗和白穗;灌浆期、乳熟期受害,出现半枯穗     

水稻2代二化螟的危害损失率测定及防控措施

二化螟是水稻生产上的重要害虫,1代二化螟主要在分蘖期为害,造成枯鞘、枯心;穗期被2代二化螟为害后,以虫伤株为主,受害严重植株,造成枯孕穗和白穗,结实率降低,千粒重下降;防治上应掌握在2代二化螟卵孵高峰期至幼虫未侵入前施用化学药剂。     

二化螟对转CpTI基因水稻的抗性演变与风险评估

本文以转CpTI基因(单基因)的水稻明恢86(MH86CpTI)为对象,以明恢86(MH86)为对照,通过室内汰选等一系列试验,研究二化螟对MH86CpTI的抗性演变规律.结果表明,经过17代汰选的二化螟对MH86CpTI表现出一定的抗性特征,表现在喂食MH86CpTI稻秆的二化螟2龄幼虫校正死亡率由F0的(89.27±5.63)%到F16只有(58.34±9.0)%;对二化螟生长发育如幼虫体重、体长、蛹期、孵化率等指标的影响也逐代减小.表明经汰选后的二化螟对MH86CpTI的适合性逐代增强,进入早期抗性阶段.可预测出二化螟对转基因水稻存在一定的抗性风险.     

抗虫转CpTI基因植物定性PCR检测技术的建立

为建立CpTI基因定性PCR检测方法,通过数据库查询和测序获得CpTI基因序列,设计特异性定性PCR引物,对引物、PCR反应条件和反应体系进行优化,并对检测方法的特异性、灵敏度等进行分析试验。结果表明,CpTI基因特异性定性PCR检测方法选择退火温度为58℃,引物浓度为0.4μmol/L较好,该方法能够特异性检测样品中CpTI基因,检测灵敏度达0.05%(质量比)。该方法符合农业转基因生物产品成分检测标准对特异性、灵敏度、重复性的要求,可为抗虫转CpTI基因植物生物安全管理提供技术支撑。     

转CpTI基因不结球白菜的抗虫性表现

通过卡那霉素筛选、目的基因分子检测和生物学抗虫性鉴定 ,从转豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因不结球白菜遗传工程植株自交后代中选育出抗虫性可遗传的纯合材料。用室内人工饲喂方法 ,以鳞翅目小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾幼虫为靶害虫 ,对转基因植株进行抗虫性鉴定。试验结果显示 ,转CpTI基因纯合材料对 1～ 2龄小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有抗性 ,但不同株系间和同一株系内植株间的抗虫性程度差异较大     

Effects of Transgenic Bt+CpTI Cotton on Field Abundance of Non-Target Pests and Predators in Xinjiang,China

Transgenic insect-resistant cotton is being increasingly planted in Xinjiang cotton-planting regions, where geographical climate conditions and species composition of pests and natural enemies are greatly unique in China. Limited studies have been conducted on the ecological impacts of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, especially for transgenic double genes (Bt+CpTI) cotton, in this region. In this study, the potential effects of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton on the seasonal abundance of non-target pests and predators were assessed from 2009 to 2011 in Korla, Xinjiang. The results showed that species composition and seasonal abundance of 5 groups of pests and 5 groups of predators were not significantly different between transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton and non-transgenic cotton every year. It suggests that transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton per se does not affect the population dynamics of non-target pests and predators on this crop in Xinjiang.     

Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Transgenic Rice Containing cry1Ac and CpTI Genes on the Pink Stem Borer,Sesamia inferens（Walker）

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice containing crylAc and CpTI genes on the pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens,were studied to collect information for ecological risk assessment on insect-resistance of transgenic rice. In vitro insectfeeding bioassays were conducted to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal effects oftransgenic flee lines (Ⅱ YouKF6 and KF6)containing crylAc+CpTI genes on S. inferens at four different growth stages, viz., seedling, tillering and elongation, booting,and milk and maturing. Transgenie rice at seedling stage showed significantly high lethal effect on S. inferens with the shortest lethal duration for 50 and 100% individuals and the highest corrected mortalities after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 3 and 6 d. Followed by tillering and elongation stage, 50 and 100% S. inferens were dead after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 4 and 10 d, respectively. Moreover, corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding on transgenic lines at this stage were significantly higher than that at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Lethal effect of KF6 on S. inferens decreased significantly at booting stage. Lethal duration for 50% S. inferens significantly extended and its corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding also declined remarkably. However, lethal effect of Ⅱ YouKF6 on S. inferens did not decrease significantly at this stage. Transgenic rice at booting, and milk and maturing stages did not show significant lethal effect to S. inferens and it showed the longest lethal duration for 50% individuals and the lowest corrected mortalities for 3 and 6 d feeding. A few larvae of S. inferens could survive, pupate and emerge on these two transgenic lines at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Sub-lethal effect of two transgenie lines on S. inferens also differed significantly between different developmental stages. Continuously feeding on transgenic rice lines at seedling, and tillering and elongation stages delayed the development of larvae and pupae and decreased pupation rate, but no effect was observed on eclosion rate. Larval development was significantly inhibited after feeding on transgenic rice at booting stage, but no obvious effect was observed in pupal stage, pupation and eclosion rate. There were no significant differences for larval and pupal development, pupation,and eclosion rates between feeding on transgenic and control rice lines at milk and maturing stage. Larval and pupal weights significantly declined, but no influence was observed on fecundity when S. inferens infested on transgenic rice at any stage.These showed that there were significant differences in lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice on S. inferens among developmental stages, and the effects gradually decreased with the increase of growth stages of rice plant.     

转基因抗虫作物中豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（CpTI）酶联免疫检测方法的建立

 从10个不同豇豆品种中筛选出抑制剂活性最高的901青皮豇豆，提取豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂。通过G-75凝胶过滤、亲和层析纯化了豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（CpTI）并制备了其兔多克隆抗体。用所制备的抗体建立了酶联免疫检测方法并检测了转CpTI编码基因棉花、水稻中的CpTI含量，发现棉花不同器官CpTI的表达量不尽相同。     

豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因（cpti）及其在抗虫转基因作物中的应用

豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（cowpea trypsin inhibitor,CpTI）来自豇豆的可食用部分,由于其具有抗虫谱广且昆虫不易对其产生耐受性的特点,cpti基因被作为抗虫植物基因工程一个重要的候选基因。目前,cpti基因已经被转到烟草、水稻、棉花和番茄等多种作物中。本文介绍了CpTI的特性、抗虫机理、基因工程研究进展,以及转cpti基因水稻的安全性研究,并对蛋白酶抑制剂的分类和安全性问题做了相关介绍。CpTI在分类上属于Bowmun-Birk家族,大量医学研究表明,该家族蛋白质对于癌症的预防和辅助治疗都有积极作用,对人体不存在任何危害。     

转cry1Ac+CpTI基因水稻对大螟的致死和亚致死效应

 【目的】研究转cry1Ac+CpTI基因水稻对大螟的致死和亚致死效应,为转基因抗虫水稻的生态风险评价提供依据。【方法】采用活体取食生测的方法系统研究苗期、分蘖拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆成熟期4个生育期的转cry1Ac+CpTI基因水稻KF6和ⅡYouKF6对大螟的致死和亚致死效应。【结果】两转基因水稻在苗期对大螟的致死效应最为明显,其对50%和100％个体的致死作用时间最短,大螟在该生育期的转基因水稻上取食3 d及6 d后,校正死亡率最高;其次为分蘖拔节期,两转基因水稻在4.0 d和10.0 d内能分别对50%和100%的大螟个体产生致死作用,在该生育期的两转基因水稻上取食6 d 后,校正死亡率均明显高于孕穗期和灌浆成熟期;KF6在孕穗期对大螟的致死效应显著下降,其对50%大螟个体的致死作用时间显著延长,且取食6 d 后的校正死亡率也显著下降。但ⅡYouKF6对大螟的致死效应并没有明显下降;两转基因水稻在灌浆成熟期对大螟的致死效应显著下降,对50%大螟个体的致死作用时间显著长于其它生育期,取食3 d和6 d后的校正死亡率均显著低于其它生育期;部分大螟能在转基因水稻的孕穗期和灌浆成熟期完成个体发育。不同生育期的两转基因水稻对大螟的亚致死效应也存在显著差异,取食苗期和分蘖拔节期的转基因水稻能抑制大螟幼虫和蛹的发育,降低化蛹率,但对羽化率没有显著影响;取食孕穗期的转基因水稻能显著抑制大螟幼虫的发育,但对蛹历期、化蛹率和羽化率均无影响;灌浆成熟期的转基因水稻对幼虫和蛹的发育速率、化蛹率和羽化率均无明显影响。在任一生育期的转基因水稻上取食,均能降低大螟幼虫的体重和蛹重,但不影响成虫的生殖力。【结论】不同生育期的转基因水稻,对大螟的致死和亚致死效应存在显著差异,随生育期的增加,致死和亚致死效应逐渐减弱。     

转双价基因(Bt+CpTI)抗虫棉对棉蚜羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力的影响

[目的]研究了转双价基因棉SGK321对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力的影响,为转基因棉的生物安全性评价提供理论依据。[方法]在SGK321及其亲本棉石远321上长期饲养棉蚜,研究2种棉花品种对棉蚜短期（第1、2、3代）和长期（第41、42、43代）的影响。[结果]在SGK321上取食1代的棉蚜种群羧酸酯酶比活力显著高于在亲本棉上取食1、2、3代的棉蚜种群,转双价基因棉SGK321上饲养1、2、3代的棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力均显著高于在石远321上饲养相同代数的棉蚜。但长期饲养的2种棉蚜之间羧酸酯酶比活力、乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力无显著差异。[结论]长期取食转双价基因棉SGK321的棉蚜通过棉蚜解毒酶的调节作用对SGK321产生了适应性。