N—硝基苯基脲衍生物构效关系的研究

6种标题物在500mg/kg浓度下对水稻的成活、根长和根鲜重具有促进活性作用，对茎长、地上部鲜重有抑制活性的作用，其活性与取代基的电子效应和结构参数，诸如化合物的σ参数、前线分子轨道能级、3个Cl原子的民荷及酰胺基团中C－N键的键长和键级等之间的相关性能优良。     

邻苯二甲酸酯化合物生物降解性与其化学结构的相关性

应用定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)研究方法,对邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的好氧生物降解性能与其化学结构间的相关性进行了研究,建立了受试物的好氧生物降解速率常数与分子连接性指数和结构参数的定量关系.结果表明,对邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物而言,取代基的空间结构参数是影响受试物好氧生物降解性能的重要因素.     

N-硝基三氯苯胺类化合物对油菜植物生长调节活性的构效关系研究

6个化合物在500 mg·kg-1浓度下可促进油菜根长生长、油菜地上部鲜重增长和根鲜重增长,而对油菜茎长表现出抑制作用.对成活率而言,N-硝基-N-(N′-对甲氧甲酰苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺、N-硝基-N-(N′-间羧基苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺和N-硝基-N-(N′-对羧基苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺表现出促进作用,而N-硝基-N-(N′-对乙酰基苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺、N-硝基-N-(N′-间硝基苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺和N-硝基-N-(N′-对硝基苯基)-氨基甲酰-2,4,6-三氯苯胺表现出抑制作用.作者研究了6个目标化合物对油菜的各生物活性指标与分子结构右侧取代基的电子效应和结构参数之间的相关性.结果表明,油菜的各生物活性指标与分子结构右侧取代基的电子效应(σ)之间的相关性达极显著水平;结构参数EHOMO、ELUMO、CCl、μ、na、Da、nb、Db和ΔE中,只有ΔE与油菜的校正根长增长率线性关系不显著,其它结构参数与油菜的各生物活性指标之间具有显著的相关性.     

17β—雌二醇—黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合物的合成

根据ＡＲＩＳ的需要，设计出标题物的分子结构模型，以黄素－５‘－单磷酸，６－酮－１７℃－雌二醇羧甲基肟和Ｎ＾６－（６－氨基己基）腺苷－５’－单磷酸为原料，经过３步反应合成出标题物。采用酶激活试验和免疫抑制试验验证了标题物的结构。     

17β-雌二醇-黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合物的合成

根据ＡＲＩＳ的需要,设计出标题物的分子结构模型。以黄素－５′－单磷酸、６－酮－１７β－雌二醇羧甲基肟和Ｎ６－（６－氨基己基）腺苷－５′－单磷酸为原料,经过３步反应合成出标题物。采用酶激活试验和免疫抑制试验确证了标题物的结构。     

有机分子中的电子效应

有机化合物分子是一个有机整体,组成有机分子的各个原子或基因是互相影响的。本文综述了有机分子中的电子效应以及电子效应对有机物的物理性质和化学性质的影响。     

天然香豆素衍生物^13C—NMR化学位移研究：Ⅰ.取代基效应因子与…

通过模型化合物＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移的经验取代基参数，对天然香豆素衍生＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移，进行了系统的研究。结果表明，模型化合物的取代基参数，与香豆素衍生物的化学位移具有良好的线性关系。从而提出了香豆素取代基效应因子，建立了香豆素衍生物＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ化学位移与取代基效应因子的定量关系式。用于计算和预测香豆素的化学位移。     

两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数测定

卟啉类试剂质子化常数的测定对于研究其显色性能有着重要的意义。用光度法测得两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数,探讨了取代基的电子效应与空间位阻效应对表观质子化常数的影响。取代基三氟甲基的间位引入降低了两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数,与四苯基卟啉相比其显色灵敏度稍微降低,但增强了其空间位阻效应,在显色研究中有望提高其选择性。     

两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数测定

卟啉类试剂质子化常数的测定对于研究其显色性能有着重要的意义。用光度法测得两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数,探讨了取代基的电子效应与空间位阻效应对表观质子化常数的影响。取代基三氟甲基的间位引入降低了两种四苯基卟啉衍生物的表观质子化常数,与四苯基卟啉相比其显色灵敏度稍微降低,但增强了其空间位阻效应,在显色研究中有望提高其选择性。     

9—氯取代苯基荧光酮类试剂与某些高价金属离子显色反应的研究

在表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，研究了邻氯苯基荧光酮（ＯＣｌＰＦ）、对氯苯基荧光酮（ＰＣｌＰＦ）、２，４－二氯苯基荧光酮（ＤＣｌＰＦ）和Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）、Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｗ（Ⅵ）、Ａｌ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）、Ｇａ（Ⅲ）等离子的显色反应条件和光度性质，并从取代基的电子效应等方面讨论了试剂的构效关系。     

砂地柏中6种鬼臼毒素类化合物的分离鉴定及其杀虫活性研究

为了从砂地柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant)果实中获得新的具有杀虫活性的鬼臼毒素类化合物。采用活性示踪法,从砂地柏中分离并鉴定出6种此类化合物:鬼臼毒素、脱氧鬼臼毒素、苦鬼臼毒素、乙酰苦鬼臼毒素、乙酰表鬼臼毒素和脱氧苦鬼臼毒素。分别采用小叶碟添加法和浸叶法测定了6种化合物对3龄粘虫Mythimna separata Walker幼虫的拒食活性以及对4龄菜青虫Pieris rapae Linnaeus幼虫和3龄小菜蛾Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,这6种化合物对3种试虫均有一定的拒食或毒杀活性,其中鬼臼毒素和脱氧鬼臼毒素的杀虫活性相对较高,乙酰苦鬼臼毒素的杀虫活性相对较低。而且苦鬼臼毒素、乙酰苦鬼臼毒素、乙酰表鬼臼毒素和脱氧苦鬼臼毒素是首次报道的鬼臼毒素类杀虫活性成分。     

α-乙氧羰基环十二烷基羧酸酯的合成及其植物生长调节活性

以环十二酮为原料，经乙氧羰基化，酮羰基的选择性还原、酯化合成了10个α-乙氧羰基环十二烷基羰酸酯。它们的结构经IR，1HNMR，MS和元素分析确证。用1HNMR还证实了顺反异构体的存在。生测结果表明，其中的一些具有良好的促进植物生根的活性。     

6种高等真菌醇提物对植物病原菌的抗菌活性研究

[目的]研究海绵胶煤炱菌、条纹炭角菌、瑞克纤孔菌、木蹄层孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌和高木蹄层孔菌的乙醇提取物对植物病原菌的抗菌活性。[方法]采用牛津杯法测试6种高等真菌乙醇提取物对姜瘟病菌、水稻白叶枯病菌、白菜软腐菌及柑橘溃疡病菌的抗细菌活性;采用生长速率法测试6种高等真菌乙醇提取物对油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和番茄棉腐病菌的抗真菌活性。[结果]6种高等真菌的乙醇提取物对植物病原细菌具有较好的抑制活性;除海绵胶煤炱菌外,其他5种高等真菌的乙醇提取物均对植物病原真菌具有较好的抑制活性。[结论]6种高等真菌对植物病原菌具有较好的活性,可进一步用于抗菌活性成分分离和生物农药开发研究。     

南蛇藤内生真菌的分离及抑菌活性初探

采用常规方法从南蛇藤的叶与果实中分离得到21株内生真菌,以PDB培养基对其进行液体培养,用高压蒸汽灭菌过的发酵处理液和丙酮粗提物对小麦赤霉菌、棉花枯萎菌、番茄叶霉菌等8种病原菌进行抑菌活性测定.结果表明,抑菌活性成分主要存在于丙酮粗提物中.筛选出1株抗菌谱较广的内生真菌Y9,其对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、苹果褐腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌 6种病原菌有较好抑菌活性.     

采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响

[目的]研究不同采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响。[方法]3种采收方式分别为上部6片叶一次性摘采、上部6片叶一次性砍采、上部6片叶每次采收2片。研究其对上部烟叶叶黄素、β胡萝卜素、其他类胡萝卜素、多酚化合物含量的影响。[结果]上部6片叶一次性砍烤处理的烟叶叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、其他类胡萝卜素在烘烤过程中降解慢,烤后烟叶色素类化合物含量高于其他2个处理。上部6片叶一次性砍烤处理在烘烤过程中能够显著提高多酚类化合物含量,有利于提高烟叶的外观质量和内在品质。[结论]建议推行上部6片叶一次性砍烤技术,促进优质烟叶的生产。     

6种绿化植物挥发性有机物抑菌效果研究

[目的]研究分布较广的6种绿化植物叶片的挥发性有机物对细菌的抑制作用。[方法]提取法国冬青、雪松、七叶树、女贞、法国梧桐、三叶草6种植物叶片释放的挥发性有机物,用菌落法和滤纸片法研究其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用。[结果]6种植物叶片释放的挥发性有机物对3种细菌都有抑菌作用,法国冬青、雪松、女贞、法国梧桐的抑制作用较强,其中1.0 g法国冬青碎叶对3种细菌的抑菌率均达45%以上,对3种细菌抑菌圈达20 mm以上;而三叶草、七叶树的抑制作用较弱。[结论]法国冬青、雪松、女贞、法国梧桐的挥发性有机物抑菌效果明显,从环境生态学的角度来看,应选择抑菌作用强的树种作为绿化树种。     

Comparative Studies of Substrate and Inhibitor Specificity of Glutathione S-Transferases in Six Tissues of Oxya chinensis (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Specific activity, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) towards three substrates, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), and p-nitrobenzene chloride (pNBC) were investigated in six tissues (foregut, midgut, hindgut, fat body, hemolymph, and muscle) of Oxya chinensis. In addition, the inhibition in vitro (ethacrynic acid, and Cibacron Blue 3GA) of Oxya chinensis in the six tissues was also investigated. Glutathione S-transferase activity was detected in all the six tissues examined. The rank order of GST activities towards CDNB was fat body > midgut > hindgut > muscle > foregut > hemolymph both in females and males. Glutathione 5-transferase activities in the fat body in females and males were 1.3- to 10.4-fold and 1.1- to 10.0-fold higher than those in the other tissues. The rank order of GST activities towards the other substrates changed slightly. From these results, it was inferred that GSTs in the fat body and midgut played important roles in detoxifying xenobiotics including insecticides and plant allelochemicals in O. chinensis. In the three substrates examined, CDNB seemed to be the best substrate, followed by pNBC and DCNB. The kinetic parameters of GSTs were different among the six tissues. This suggested that GSTs in different tissues have various affinities and catalytic efficiency to substrates. In vitro inhibition study showed that the median inhibition concentration (IC50) values of the two inhibitors to GSTs from the six tissues were different. The results suggested that the two inhibitors have different inhibition potency to GSTs from the different tissues. The observed changes in kinetic parameters and inhibition in vitro among the six tissues of the insect might suggest that the number and structure of isoenzymes and their rate of expression varied for the different tissues.     

3种微生态制剂的氨基酸组成及对鲤鱼消化酶活性的影响*

 采用HPLC法分析了枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌和复合微生态制剂的氨基酸含量,这3种不同的微生态制剂的氨基酸含量分别为53.2g/100g干基,56.4g/100g干基,59.5g/100g干基。在统一饵料的基础上,分别按0.1%,0.2%和0.5%添加纳豆芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和复合微生态制剂养殖鲤鱼45d,分析了鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明,添加纳豆芽孢杆菌0.1%~0.5%的试验组能显著地提高鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶的活性,0.1%和0.2%剂量组可显著地提高鲤鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶的活性,0.1%剂量组可较显著地提高鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的淀粉酶的活性。枯草芽孢杆菌对鱼类消化酶的影响作用与纳豆芽孢杆菌不尽相同,其0.1%~0.5%试验组对鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶均有较显著的提高作用,但对鱼类肝胰脏的消化酶活力影响不大。相对于蛋白酶而言,枯草芽孢杆菌对鲤鱼肠道淀粉酶活力的提高更为有效。复合微生态制剂0.1%~0.5%的各试验组能显著地提高鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力,其对鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力的提高率要优于单一菌种的微生态制剂。复合微生态制剂作为水产养殖生物的饵料添加剂使用,应根据不同食性的鱼类和不同的饵料组成加以选择和组配,合理的添加量在0.1%~0.2%之间为宜。     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

Preliminary Studies on Antifungal Activity of Xanthium sibiricum and the Endophytic Fungi

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.