不同品质类型春小麦HWM—GS形成时间和积累强度及与品质的关系

供试材料籽粒形成过程中，麦谷蛋白低分子量亚基部分首先出现，随籽粒发育，麦谷蛋白亚基类型逐渐增多，HMW－GS各个亚基在开花后10天内没有形成，开花15天左右，出现Glu-1位点上编码的高分子量X亚基，25天时，所具有的HMW－GS全部形成，随灌浆成熟，HMW－GS各亚基积累呈递增趋势，积累高峰出现在开花20天至成熟，5＋10亚基与具有该亚基供试品种的优良品质之间存在密切关系，但具有2＋12亚基的东农7742的亚基形成早，2与12亚基的高积累量及1和7＋8亚基的高积累使其同样具有优质特性，Glu-1品质评分与沉淀值之间呈显著正相关，能够反映小麦品质，但并不绝对，小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基总积累与沉淀值呈显著正相关，各高分子量亚基与沉淀值之间的相关未达显著水平，但亚基2与12的积累量与沉淀值的相关性强，尤其是12亚基的积累。     

冬小麦高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基形成时间和积累强度及其与沉降值的关系

采用6个不同品质类型冬小麦品种研究高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基形成时间和积累强度及其与沉降值的关系。结果表明, 在籽粒形成过程中,各品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）开始形成时间及形成速度不同,低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）B区在花后10 d基本形成;随着籽粒发育,HMW-GS和LMW-GS的类型和积累量都逐渐增多。强筋小麦     

不同品质类型小麦籽粒麦谷蛋白亚基及谷蛋白聚合体形成和累积动态

选用高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成不同的3个强筋和4个弱筋小麦品种,研究了其籽粒发育过程中麦谷蛋白亚基、谷蛋白聚合体的形成和累积动态。结果表明,强筋小麦籽粒HMW-GS和B区低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)从花后9～12d开始表达;而弱筋小麦从花后12～15d开始表达,即强筋小麦麦谷蛋白亚基开始形成时间早于弱筋小麦。各品种的HMW-GS一旦形成,其累积速度较快,花后27d基本达到稳定值,之后维持稳定量;而LMW-GS形成后,累积较慢,直到花后30d左右达到稳定量。3个强筋小麦品种籽粒灌浆期谷蛋白总聚合体百分含量(TGP%)和谷蛋白大聚合体百分含量(GMP%)累积动态趋势基本一致,即在花后12～30d一直持续增加,花后30d至成熟达到最大值并保持稳定水平。4个弱筋小麦TGP%和GMP%累积动态均表现为在花后12～24d(灌浆早中期)形成和持续累积,花后24d至成熟逐渐降低。麦谷蛋白亚基表达模式以及谷蛋白聚合体累积动态的差异可能是导致小麦强筋或弱筋品质形成的关键。     

小麦不同品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基积累动态的研究

以不同品质类型的春小麦品种为材料,研究灌浆期籽粒贮藏蛋白中高分子量谷蛋白亚基积累动态.研究结果表明,小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基是在籽粒形成过程中逐渐形成的.东农7742高分子量谷蛋白亚基在开花后10 d开始出现,14 d亚基全部形成.新克旱9在开花后12 d亚基开始出现,18 d亚基全部形成.新克旱9比东农7742亚基形成晚2～4 d.高分子量谷蛋白亚基的积累在籽粒形成初期,积累量少,随籽粒的灌浆,谷蛋白亚基积累渐增.东农7742和新克旱9均在开花后20 d亚基积累速度加快,花后22～26d积累最快,但东农7742的亚基积累强度和积累总量明显高于新克旱9,表现出2个品种亚基动态形成和积累以明显差异的特点.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基快速SDS-PAGE方法研究

对小麦单籽粒高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)电泳进行了研究,摸索出一套高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成成分分析的SDS-PAGE方法。该方法快速,准确,而且体系稳定,适合于大量检测小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。     

氮肥形态对不同HMW-GS类型春小麦高分子量谷蛋白聚合体积累的效应

以12个具有不同HMW-GS组成类型的春小麦为材料,在同一氮水平条件下研究不同形态氮肥对春小麦籽粒HMW谷蛋白聚合体的效应。结果表明,春小麦开花后10～15 d左右形成可溶性谷蛋白,先出现的是低分子量谷蛋白,接着是HMW谷蛋白聚合体。随籽粒生长谷蛋白积累水平呈上升趋势,花后25 d达最大值,但品种（品系）间的积累强度、最大     

新疆小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量及其与品质性状相关性研究

为科学确定优质品种的最适生态区域提供依据,选取3种筋型的7份新疆主栽小麦品种种植于具有代表性的5个生态地点,对其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)构成、表达量以及主要品质性状进行分析。结果表明,参试材料共出现10种亚基类型,6种亚基组合;HMW-GS表达量在品种间差异显著或极显著,在不同生态地点表现不尽相同;从亚基类型来看,2*亚基表达量变异幅度最大,12亚基表达量变异幅度最小;就生态点而言,奇台点的HMW-GS表达量变异最大,塔城点较为稳定;形成时间、稳定时间和评价值受生态地点的影响产生较大的变异,容重和吸水率变化不明显;2*、5、8和9亚基的表达量和主要品质性状相关程度相对较高,1、2、7、10、12相关不明显。新疆生态类型复杂多样,小麦麦谷蛋白亚基表达量分布范围较宽,不同品质类型小麦应根据亚基表达量的高低进行合理种植,更大程度的发挥其品质潜力。     

T6VS?6AL染色体易位与小麦籽粒HMW-GS和GMP积累的关系

从一套由92R137 (普通小麦-簇毛麦T6VS·6AL染色体易位系)和辉县红(地方小麦品种)杂交及以单粒传方法构建的F₈重组近交家系(RIL)群体中, 筛选出4个HMW-GS亚基组合相同而蛋白质含量差异较大的代表性家系(含和不含染色体易位片段的家系各一组), 采用SDS-PAGE电泳和切胶比色的亚基定量方法, 研究了不同家系小麦籽粒灌浆期间HMW-GS和GMP含量动态。结果表明, 小麦籽粒各亚基在花后13 d均已形成, 但不同亚基起始形成时间不同;各亚基含量随灌浆进程呈上升趋势, 花后23 d到成熟期为快速积累期。染色体易位片段对籽粒HMW-GS和GMP含量与积累量无显著作用, 而籽粒HMW-GS含量以蛋白含量高的家系高于对应的低蛋白家系。     

花后干旱和渍水对小麦籽粒HMW-GS及GMP含量的影响

采用SDS-PAGE和切胶比色进行亚基定量，研究花后干旱和渍水对小麦强筋品种豫麦34和弱筋品种扬麦9号籽粒HMW-GS和GMP含量的影响。结果表明，两品种的干旱处理和豫麦34淹水处理在花后10 d籽粒HMW-GS形成，两品种对照和扬麦9号淹水处理在花后15 d籽粒HMW-GS形成，说明花后干旱提早了小麦籽粒HMW-GS的起始形成。干旱促进了小麦籽粒HMW-GS早期积累，但对后期积累不利，使快速积累期缩短，渍水处理更明显缩短籽粒HMW-GS快速积累期。两品种成熟期总HMW-GS和GMP含量表现为对照>干旱>渍水，且豫麦34各处理大于扬麦9号的对应处理。     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与小麦烘烤品质关系研究

用SDS-PAGE方法测定了全国9个小麦主产省、市163个小麦品种和11个引进品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成及其含量、沉降值和面粉GMP含量。结果表明，不同HMW-GS及其组合形式对小麦品质的影响显著不同，某些HMW-GS对我国小麦烘烤品质的影响不同于其他国家，如4+12亚基影响较大，而7+8亚基影响偏小。但单个亚基品质评分     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异及其与品质和其它农艺性状关系的研究

本研究应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了国内外757份供试材料的高分子量（HMW）麦谷蛋白亚基组成。共发现65种HMW亚基组成，其中53种为常见型，12种为罕见型。国外品种的亚基组合数多于国内品种，国内育成品种又多于国内地方品种。作者还发现了部分罕见亚基，即由Glu-D1编码的亚基2.2+12，2+10，2，12以及前人未曾发现的3个亚基。研究     

小麦RIL群体中GMP含量的动态累积和净遗传增量的变化规律

以普通小麦京771和Pm97034及其175个重组自交系RIL（F2∶8）后代群体为材料,研究了籽粒灌浆期（花后12 d、17 d、2 2d、27 d和32 d）GMP含量的动态累积规律和各个时期GMP的净遗传效应。结果表明,多数RIL后代家系GMP含量的变化趋势与两亲的变化趋势相一致,呈现“低-高-低-高-高”的规律,即籽粒灌浆初期GMP的累积量较低,后逐渐升高,但在花后22 d左右又开始下降,出现一个明显的低谷期,然后逐渐上升,成熟期达到最高。不同亚基组合对GMP含量累积的影响不尽相同,（1,17+18,5+10）、(N,17+18,5+10)、（1,14+15,5+10）和（N,14+15,5+10）组合的后代家系虽然在整个籽粒灌浆期GMP含量的累积变化各不相同,但均于花后27 d到32 d迅速上升,籽粒成熟期达到最高。若从GMP最后的累积量看,这4个组合是利于GMP含量累积的组合,而5＋10亚基较其他亚基对GMP的累积更为有利。不同发育阶段GMP含量条件遗传分析表明,控制GMP性状的基因在整个籽粒灌浆期都有表达,大多数后代家系该基因表达在花后17 d左右最为活跃,花后22 d左右为低谷期,各阶段基因净表达量的变化与GMP观测值的变化基本一致。     

Influence of high molecular weight glutenin subunit substitution on rheological behaviour and bread-baking quality of near-isogenic lines developed from Chinese wheats

Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat involving Glu‐B1 and Glu‐D1 alleles were used to study the genetic contribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to gluten strength. The HMW‐GS composition of each NILs was determined by SDS‐PAGE. No significant differences were found in grain protein contents among the NILs. Gluten strength and dough‐mixing properties were measured by the Farinograph, the Extensograph, and SDS‐sedimentation (SDS‐SE). Results indicated that line 2, containing the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10 combination of subunits, had higher values for flour quality, dough rheological parameters, and bread‐baking quality when compared with lines 8 and 13. Line 8, containing Glu‐1B 7 + 9 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10, was better than line 13 with the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 10 combination. Some major parameters appeared significantly different. The presence of Glu‐1B 14 + 15 was associated with higher dough strength based on SDS‐SE volume and several rheological parameters when compared with Glu‐1B 7 + 9. Lines with subunit 10 at Glu‐D1 performed significantly worse than those with 5 + 10 in gluten index, SDS‐SE volume, Farinograph stability time, Extensograph area and bread‐baking quality.     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基与小麦品质性状关系的研究

采用SDS-PAGE方法, 通过对4个优质亲本与3个农艺亲本间杂交获得的F2群体的每一单株及其亲本进行小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成分析, 并对每一F2单株上F3籽粒群体的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成与其籽粒蛋白质含量、 SDS-沉降值的关系进行研究,结果表明：小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成不同的群体间籽粒蛋白质含量差异不显著     

Effect of Shading from Jointing to Maturity on High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Accumulation and Glutenin Macropolymer Concentration in Grain of Winter Wheat

Accumulations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in wheat grains are important indicators of grain quality. Two wheat cultivars, Yangmai 158 (shading tolerant) and Yangmai 11 (shading intolerant) which contains the same subunit pairs of 7 + 8 and 2 + 12, were used to evaluate the impacts of shading on HMW‐GS accumulation and GMP concentration in the grain. Three shading levels were implemented from jointing to maturity, i.e. S1, S2 and S3, in which the plants received 8 %, 15 % and 23 % less radiation of the control (S0), respectively. The initial formation of HMW‐GS was pre‐dated by shading. The rapid HMW‐GS accumulation duration was shortened, and the accumulation rate during late grain filling period was lowered in the two relatively severe shaded treatments (S2 & S3). Thus, the total HMW‐GS accumulation in single grain at maturity was lower in S2 and S3 than in the control (S0). However, concentrations of HMW‐GS and GMP at maturity increased because of the reduced single grain weight in S2 and S3, as compared to S0. In contrast, the low density shading (S1) prolonged the rapid accumulation duration of HMW‐GS, hence increased the accumulation and concentration of HMW‐GS in the grains. Consequently, S1 reduced falling number and SDS‐sedimentation volume, while shortened dough development time (DDT) and dough stability time (DST). In contrast, S2 and S3 increased falling number, wet‐gluten concentration and SDS‐sedimentation volume, and lengthened the DDT and DST. In addition, the fluctuations in accumulations of HMW‐GS and GMP and most quality traits because of shading in Yangmai 158 were less than Yangmai 11. The interrelations between HMW‐GS accumulation, GMP concentration and quality of grain and dough were further discussed.     

Detection of HMW glutenin subunit variations among 205 cultivated emmer accessions (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum)

The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) encoded by Glu‐1 loci among 205 accessions of cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank) collected from different regions of Europe and China were separated and characterized by SDS‐PAGE in combination with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (A‐PAGE × SDS‐PAGE) and acidic capillary electrophoresis. High genetic polymorphisms in HMW‐GS compositions were found. A total of 40 alleles (6 for Glu‐A1 and 34 for Glu‐B1) and 62 subunit combinations (genotypes) were detected, some of which were not previously described. At Glu‐A1 locus, two novel alleles, designated Glu‐A1x coding for the subunit 1A × 1.1 and Glu‐A1y coding for the subunit 1A × 2.1′ were found while seven new subunits (1B × 17*, 1B × 6′, 1B × 13′, 1B × 20*, 1By9*, 1By14.1 and 1By8.1) and 20 novel alleles at Glu‐B1 locus were detected. In particular, some additional protein components were detected, which probably were 1Ay subunits encoded by Glu‐A1 locus. The introduction of both Ax and Ay subunits from tetraploid wheats into hexaploid wheats may increase the genetic variability of gluten genes and consequently improve flour technological properties.