新疆小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表达量及其与品质性状相关性研究

为科学确定优质品种的最适生态区域提供依据,选取3种筋型的7份新疆主栽小麦品种种植于具有代表性的5个生态地点,对其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)构成、表达量以及主要品质性状进行分析。结果表明,参试材料共出现10种亚基类型,6种亚基组合;HMW-GS表达量在品种间差异显著或极显著,在不同生态地点表现不尽相同;从亚基类型来看,2*亚基表达量变异幅度最大,12亚基表达量变异幅度最小;就生态点而言,奇台点的HMW-GS表达量变异最大,塔城点较为稳定;形成时间、稳定时间和评价值受生态地点的影响产生较大的变异,容重和吸水率变化不明显;2*、5、8和9亚基的表达量和主要品质性状相关程度相对较高,1、2、7、10、12相关不明显。新疆生态类型复杂多样,小麦麦谷蛋白亚基表达量分布范围较宽,不同品质类型小麦应根据亚基表达量的高低进行合理种植,更大程度的发挥其品质潜力。

Xinjiang Wheat Varieties: HMW-GS Expression and the Correlation Between HMW-GS Expression and Quality Characters

To provide a basis for determining the optimum ecological areas of high-quality wheat varieties, 7 Xinjiang major wheat varieties with three types of gluten were planted on five typical ecological areas. The composition, expression of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and main quality characters were analyzed. The results showed that, there were 10 subunits and 6 subunit combinations in the tested materials; the HMW-GS expression differences among the varieties were significant or extremely significant, but they were different among different ecological areas. In terms of subunit types, the variation range of 2* subunit expression was the largest, and the variation range of 12 subunit expression was the smallest. As far as the ecological areas were concerned, HMW-GS expression of Qitai had the biggest variation, while that of Tacheng was relatively stable. The formation time, stabilization time and evaluation value affected by the ecological areas had obvious variation, and the variation of bulk density and water absorption were not obvious. The correlation of expression levels of 2*, 5, 8 and 9 subunits with the main quality traits were high, while 1, 2, 7, 10 and 12 subunits were not significantly correlated with the main quality traits. In conclusion, the ecological types of Xinjiang are complex and diverse, and the expression range of wheat glutenin subunits has a wide distribution, wheat varieties with different quality types should be planted according to the expression level of subunit to explore their quality potential.