扬麦系列品系若干品质性状研究

以40份扬麦系列育种高代品系为材料,采用近红外分析仪等测定了若干品质性状。结果表明,40份扬麦系列品系的面团稳定时间、形成时间、面粉沉降值在品系间差异较大,而籽粒容重、出粉率和面团吸水率在品系间差异较小。蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、面粉形成时间、面粉吸水率和沉降值呈极显著正相关,蛋白质含量与稳定时间呈显著正相关。通过对各项指标进行筛查比较以及聚类分析,可加强对AN 12、AN 18、AN 22、AN 27、AN 34品系的选育。     

冀中南强筋小麦品种品质性状稳定性差异及地域和气候因子效应

通过多年多地试验研究了河北省中南部优质强筋小麦的品质特点、品质性状稳定性及地域和气候因子的影响。结果表明,参试小麦品种蛋白质含量和稳定时间均达到强筋麦标准,吸水率和湿面筋部分达标,而沉降值均偏低。地点间品质性状稳定性顺序是吸水率>蛋白质含量>湿面筋>沉降值>形成时间和稳定时间。不同品种不同品质性状的稳定性有很大差异,以藁9415是品质性状和品质稳定性较好。蛋白质、湿面筋含量和吸水率随纬度降低而降低,沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间则相反。说明河北南部较中部更适宜强筋小麦种植。开花至成熟期间平均最高气温与形成时间和稳定时间正相关,与蛋白质,沉降值、湿面筋负相关;日照时数和蛋白质含量显著正相关,与形成时间和稳定时间显著负相关;降水量与沉降值显著正相关。因此,灌浆期相对较低气温、较短日照时数和较多降水有利于品质性状的综合提高。沉降值和稳定时间是改善强筋小麦品质的主要限制性状,是育种和栽培上应进一步研究的问题。     

强筋小麦磨粉各出粉点的面粉品质特性研究

采用布勒实验磨制粉,测定6个强筋小麦品种不同出粉点面粉的品质特性。结果表明,不同出粉点面粉的品质特性具有明显差异及变化规律。三道心磨粉的灰分含量、蛋白质含量、面糊色泽a*值和b*值、破损淀粉含量、面团形成时间和吸水率随出粉点后移均呈升高或增加趋势;而湿面筋含量、面糊色泽L*值、面团稳定时间、延伸性和最大抗延阻力随出粉点后移而降低。三道皮磨粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、破损淀粉含量、面团吸水率、稳定时间、拉伸面积、延伸性随出粉点后移呈上升趋势;而面团拉伸参数和面包烘焙品质均高于心磨粉和统粉。不同出粉点的蛋白质与湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.81**);灰分含量与面糊色泽的L*值呈极显著负相关(r=－0.89**);破损淀粉含量与吸水率呈极显著正相关(r=0.86**)。研究表明,通过对各出粉点取舍及混配,能够克服我国强筋小麦某些指标缺陷,以满足面包专用粉各项指标要求。     

河南省审定小麦品种的品质分析与探讨

分析了"十一五"期间参加河南省高肥组试验并通过审定的50个小麦品种的品质指标,结果表明:容重、蛋白质和湿面筋含量较高;面粉吸水率偏低;面团稳定时间较短,少数品种较高,如济麦4号、周麦24;符合强筋小麦标准的只有7个,占审定品种的14%,强筋品种种类偏少;其余43个均为中筋小麦品种。     

鲜湿面条专用小麦品种品质的评价

32个小麦品种(农家种2个，育成种23个，国外品种7个)的面粉品质与鲜湿面条的煮熟品质的研究，结果表明：煮面感官评分≥80分的12个优质面条小麦以强筋品种为主，兼有个别中筋品种。沉淀值、稳定时间和最大抗延阻力是决定鲜湿面条品质的主要品质性状。蛋白质含量、面筋含量和面团延伸性应有一个适宜的范围，超过范围面条感官评     

K、T、V、CHA型杂种小麦品质性状的细胞质效应

采用2个母本基因型，4种细胞质类型的两因素实验设计，对T、K、V、CHA型杂种小麦的品质性状表现及其差异进行了比较研究。结果表明，K、V、T型细胞质对杂种小麦某些品质性状具有正向效应，其中K型细胞质效应较大，其杂种的千粒重、面粉白度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉淀值、降落值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和评价     

2011—2015年黄淮麦区小麦品种品质分析

该试验探讨了黄淮地区不同年份之间冬小麦品质指标的波动趋势,分析结论可为该地区小麦品质提升和品种产业化应用提供理论参考。经过分析2011—2015年中国黄淮地区南、北片国家区试水地组的317个小麦品种的籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间、沉降值和最大拉伸阻力等一系列相关品质指标。结果得出：2013年黄淮地区南、北片的小麦平均粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量高于其他年份,但是稳定时间却不是最大。综合比较不同年份小麦品质指标的变异大小,以容重最小,稳定时间最大。变异程度较为接近的是蛋白质和湿面筋含量,但是稳定时间的变异约为前两者的20倍以上。根据品质指标含量进行分类,强筋、弱筋和中筋品种分别占有比例为3.15%、0%和22.7%,其余未归类品种所占比例高达74.14%。     

四川近十年小麦主栽品种的品质状况

近20年来,品质改良是西南冬麦区小麦育种的主要目标之一。本研究目的是了解四川省小麦主栽品种的品质现状,尤其是评价近年新育成的人工合成小麦(SHW)衍生品种的品质表现和育种价值。2011-2013连续3年,选择近10年审定并广泛应用于生产的10个代表性品种进行多环境试验,测定籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、降落值、出粉率、籽粒发芽指数,以及粉质仪和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)参数。所测品质参数均存在显著的基因型、环境和二者互作效应,其中反映蛋白质数量和质量的多数性状环境效应大于基因型效应,而反映淀粉质量的降落值和RVA参数则基因型效应更大。参试品种蛋白质含量11.7%~14.0%,湿面筋含量22.0%~29.3%,沉淀值21.4~35.1mL,降落值147~363s,面团稳定时间1.7~12.1min,峰值黏度1056~2670 cP。SHW衍生品种中川麦104总体表现优异,其平均沉淀值30.3 mL,降落值325 s,面团稳定时间9.8 min,最终黏度2796 cP;而绵麦367品质较差,上述指标分别为24.6 mL、147 s、2.2 min和827 cP。参试品种的平均生理成熟期籽粒发芽指数为0.31,变幅0.06~0.76,品种之间差异显著,其中以川麦104最低。本研究表明,西南冬麦区小麦品种品质改良潜力较大,川麦104可作为协同改良产量和品质的育种亲本。     

河南省小麦水地区试新品种(系)品质状况分析

分析了2007年河南水地区试89个参试小麦新品种(系)的品质性状,结果表明:河南小麦新品种(系)各品质性状的平均值为:籽粒容重796.2 g/L,蛋白质含量14.8%,湿面筋32.0%,吸水率57.9%,沉淀值58.1 ml,面团稳定时间3.2 min,弱化度128.3 Bu.不同组小麦新品种(系)各品质指标变化趋势存在差异,蛋白质、湿面筋、弱化度呈现冬水组＞春水组＞南部组,稳定时间呈现冬水组＞南部组＞春水组,不同组小麦新品种(系)的容重、吸水率较接近,沉淀值呈现出春水组＞冬水组＞南部组.综合品质性状达到强、中、弱筋小麦品质标准的分别有4个,8个和0个品种,其中,冬水组强筋3个、中筋3个;春水组强筋1个;南部组中筋5个.冬水组和春水组品种的稳定时间短、南部组品种蛋白质、湿面筋含量高是河南当前小麦品种品质的主要问题.     

6份小麦新品系品质分析与评价

本试验对6个小麦品系的理化性质及面团流变学特性进行检测,通过测定小麦样品的硬度、容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、弱化度评价值、50 mm拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力、延伸度、拉伸面积的面团流变学特性指标,分析小麦品质指标与流变学特性指标的相关关系,对小麦品系的品质特性进行评价。结果表明,多数小麦新品系品质为硬质小麦,出粉率高于70%,湿面筋含量高于33.60%,吸水率高于66.88%,沉淀值在55.8~64.1 m L,蛋白质含量较高,为12.8%~16.4%,形成时间2.4~4.9 min,稳定时间偏低,普遍小于4.08 min,从而不能达到强筋的标准,均为中筋小麦类。     

小麦品质性状与面包和面条品质关系分析

改良面包和面条品质是北方冬麦区的主要育种目标,了解二者的品质异同有助于提高育种效率。本研究以81份冬小麦品种品系为材料,比较了小麦品质性状与面包和面条品质表现的关系。结果表明,籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积和抗延阻力是影响面包和面条品质的共同性状,但它们对面包、面条品质     

小麦粉面包烘烤品质指标典型相关分析

本研究于1986年在郑州进行.试验选用50个小麦品种(系),对测定的13项面包烘烤品质指标分组进行了典型相关分析.结果表明:面粉粉质、拉伸品质和蛋白质数量等指标组间普遍存在着显著或极显著的典型相关;能较好地反映粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值和HMW麦谷蛋白亚基组成得分的粉质仪指标是断裂时间和稳定时间,拉伸仪指标是延伸性.拉伸仪指标与蛋白质数量等指标间关联程度的大小,因拉伸时间的长短而异.粉质仪与拉伸仪指标组间的典型相关主要由断裂时间、形成时间、稳定时间和延伸性所决定.     

Wheat quality traits and quality parameters of cooked dry white Chinese noodles

Dry white Chinese noodle (DWCN) is widely consumed in China, and genetic improvement of DWCN quality has become a major objective for Chinese wheat breeding programs. One hundred and four bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines, including 88from major Chinese wheat-producing areas, were sown in two locations for two years. Their DWCN quality, as evaluated by trained panelists, was studied to determine the relationship between wheat quality parameters and DWCN quality attributes. In general, the cultivars and advanced lines used in this study are characterized with acceptable protein content, but accompanied with weak-medium gluten strength and poor extensibility, and substantial variation is observed for all grain and DWCN quality characters. On average, Australia and USA wheat performed better DWCN quality than Chinese wheats. Simple correlation analysis indicated that both grain hardness and Farinograph water absorption were negatively associated with cooked DWCN color, appearance, smoothness, and taste. Flour whiteness and RVA peak viscosity was positively associated with all DWCN parameters, and their correlation coefficients (r) with DWCN score are 0.34 and 0.41, respectively. Their positive contributions to DWCN quality were mostly through improved color, appearance, smoothness, and taste. Farinograph mixing tolerance index (MTI) and softening were negatively associated with all DWCN quality parameters, and their correlation coefficients with DWCN score are –0.50 and–0.54, respectively. Further analysis indicated that association between protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph extensibility, and DWCN score fit quadratic regression model significantly, with R² 0.12, 0.32, 0.22, and 0.20, respectively. The associations between Zeleny sedimentation value and DWCN's appearance and taste also fit quadratic regression model significantly. This suggests that to certain extent, increased protein content and gluten quality contribute positively to DWCN quality, mostly by improving palatability, elasticity, and stickiness. High flour whiteness, medium protein content, medium to strong gluten strength and good extensibility, and high starch peak viscosity are desirable for DWCN quality. Genetic improvement for flour whiteness, protein quality and starch paste viscosity would increase the DWCN quality of Chinese bread wheat cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异及其与品质和其它农艺性状关系的研究

本研究应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了国内外757份供试材料的高分子量（HMW）麦谷蛋白亚基组成。共发现65种HMW亚基组成，其中53种为常见型，12种为罕见型。国外品种的亚基组合数多于国内品种，国内育成品种又多于国内地方品种。作者还发现了部分罕见亚基，即由Glu-D1编码的亚基2.2+12，2+10，2，12以及前人未曾发现的3个亚基。研究     

Phenotypic correlations, G × E interactions and broad sense heritability analysis of grain and flour quality characteristics in high latitude spring bread wheats from Kazakhstan and Siberia

Grain and flour samples of 42 high latitude spring bread wheat genotypes from Kazakhstan and Siberia evaluated in a multi-location trial were analyzed for grain concentrations of protein, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), as well as flour quality characteristics. The genotypes showed high grain protein concentrations (14–19%), but low dough strength was a common feature for most of them. Significant positive correlations were found between grain protein and flour protein, gluten, gliadin, gli/glu ratio, Zn, and Fe contents. Grain protein was also correlated positively with hardness, sedimentation, farinograph dough development time (DDT), stability time and ash content. Grain Fe concentration was positively associated with sedimentation, stability time, water absorption and valorimeter value, suggesting that improvements in micronutrient concentrations in the grain parallels enhancement in gluten strength. Interestingly, glutenin content correlated negatively with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals; and also with gluten deformation index (IDK), DDT, and stability time. Conversely, gliadin content showed strong positive correlations with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals. Gliadin also correlated positively, but in lesser magnitude, with DDT, stability time and IDK. Environment and G×E interaction were important sources of variation for some quality characteristics. This was reflected in the low broad sense heritability (H) values for traits related to flour strength, such as sedimentation, IDK, stability time and gliadin content. Breeding strategies, including three testing locations at the advanced selection stages, are adequate for the enhancement of most of the quality traits, but faster improvement in flour strength could be achieved with a larger number of locations.     

Pan bread and dry white Chinese noodle quality in Chinese winter wheats

Improvements in pan bread quality and Chinese dry white noodle (DWCN) quality are the major breeding objectives in the north China winter wheat region. Eighty-one wheat cultivars and advanced lines were sown in two locations in the 2000–2001 season to evaluate the quality of winter wheat germplasm and investigate the association between pan bread quality and DWCN quality. Significant variability was observed for grain, pan bread, and DWCN quality attributes. Six cultivars and lines showed very good pan bread quality, 23 showed excellent DWCN quality in both locations, and the cultivars Yumai 34 and Sunstate showed superior quality for both food products. Protein content and grain hardness were significantly associated with pan bread quality, while the gluten quality-related parameters SDS-sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance, were significantly associated with pan bread quality score, and accounted for 59.3–72.3% of its variation. Yellow colour (b, CIE Lab) showed a strong negative association with pan bread and DWCN quality largely due to the strong and negative association between yellow colour and gluten strength parameters in this germplasm pool. Flour ash content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) had a negative moderate effect on noodle colour, while protein content and grain hardness were negatively associated with noodle colour, appearance, and smoothness. The association between SDS-sedimentation volume, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance and DWCN score fitted a quadratic regression model, accounting for 31.0%, 39.0%, and 47.0% of the DWCN score, respectively. The starch pasting parameters, peak viscosity and paste breakdown, contributed positively to DWCN quality, with r = 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. Quality requirements for pan bread and DWCN differ in colour, gluten strength, and pasting viscosity. It is suggested that PPO, yellow pigment, SDS sedimentation volume, and peak viscosity are parameters that could be used to screen for DWCN quality in the early generations of a wheat-breeding program.     

基因型、地点及其互作对内蒙古小麦主要品质性状的影响

选用来自我国春播麦区高、中、低3种筋力类型的9个品种, 于2003和2004年分别种植在内蒙古6个代表性地点, 研究了不同品种在年份和地点间籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、和面仪参数和淀粉糊化特性等主要品质性状的变化规律。结果表明, 所测品质性状受基因型和地点效应的影响均达极显著水平, 除籽粒蛋白质含量外, 其他品质性状受基因型和地点互作效应的影响达显著或极显著水平。强筋类品种的蛋白质含量、灰分含量、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和峰值黏度均较高, 出粉率和稀澥值中等。中筋类品种出粉率、和面时间和耐揉性较高, 灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。弱筋类品种的灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较高, 籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、出粉率、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性低。所有品种品质性状在地点间存在较大差异, 乌海市灰分含量、和面时间和耐揉性高, 籽粒硬度、沉降值、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。杭锦后旗出粉率高, 蛋白含量和沉降值较低, 其他性状表现中等。呼和浩特市籽粒硬度、蛋白含量、面粉灰分、沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性高, 出粉率、峰值黏度和稀澥值低。赤峰市多数性状表现中等。通辽市籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、峰值黏度、稀澥值和耐揉性较高, 其他性状表现中等。额尔古纳市蛋白含量和沉降值较高, 和面时间和耐揉性低。初步认为强筋和中筋类品种较适于种植在呼和浩特市与乌海市, 不适于种植在额尔古纳市; 2个弱筋类品种在6个地点均不太适宜种植。     

脱脂和重组对面粉理化特性和烘焙品质的影响

选用3个筋力不同的小麦品种（系）,通过比较其采用脱脂面粉、重组面粉和原面粉,研究了小麦脂类对面团揉混特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明,（1）3个品种（系）面粉脱脂前后蛋白质含量、沉淀值和灰分含量无显著性差异,但脱脂后面粉白度显著提高。（2）脱脂后3个品种（系）揉混仪峰高和峰宽增大,衰落角变小。（3）面粉脱脂后面包加工品质有所改善,其作用大小与蛋白质的质量和蛋白质间的互作有关。脱脂面粉加入起酥油对面包品质无明显改善作用,起酥油是通过面粉脂类对面包品质产生作用的。     

Milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats evaluated through multi-location trials

Eight milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats were investigated using 59 cultivars and advanced lines grown in 14 locations in China from 1995 to 1998. Wide ranges of variability for all traits were observed across genotypes and locations. Genotype, location, year, and their interactions all significantly influenced most of the quality parameters. Kernel hardness, Zeleny sedimentation value, and mixograph development time were predominantly influenced by the effects of genotype. Genotype, location and genotype × location interaction were all important sources of variation for thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, and falling number, whereas genotype × location interaction had the largest effect on flour yield. Most of the genotypes were characterized by weak gluten strength with Zeleny sedimentation values less than 40 ml and mixograph development time shorter than 3 min. Eight groups of genotypes were recognized based on the average quality performance, grain hardness and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping, with contributions from protein content. Genotypes such as Zhongyou 16 and Annong 8903 displayed good milling quality, high grain hardness, protein content and strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time. Genotypes such as Lumai 15 and Yumai 18 were characterized by low grain hardness, protein content and weak gluten strength. Genotypes such as Yannong 15 and Chuanmai 24 were characterized by strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time, but low grain hardness and protein content lower than 12.3%. Genotypes such as Jingdong 6 and Xi’an 8 had weak gluten strength, but with high grain hardness and protein content higher than 12.2%. Five groups of locations were identified, and protein content and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping. Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Nanyang, Zhumadian and Nanjing produced wheats with medium to strong gluten strength and medium protein content, although there was still a large variation for most of the traits investigated between the locations. Wheat produced in Yantai was characterized by strong gluten strength, but with low protein content. Jinan, Anyang and Linfen locations produced wheats with medium to weak gluten strength and medium to high protein content. Wheats produced in Yangling, Zhenzhou, and Chengdu were characterized by weak gluten strength with medium to low protein content, whereas wheats produced in Xuzhou and Wuhan were characterized by weak gluten strength with low protein content. Industrial grain quality could be substantially improved through integrating knowledge of geographic genotype distribution with key location variables that affected end-use quality.