基因型、地点及其互作对内蒙古小麦主要品质性状的影响

选用来自我国春播麦区高、中、低3种筋力类型的9个品种, 于2003和2004年分别种植在内蒙古6个代表性地点, 研究了不同品种在年份和地点间籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、和面仪参数和淀粉糊化特性等主要品质性状的变化规律。结果表明, 所测品质性状受基因型和地点效应的影响均达极显著水平, 除籽粒蛋白质含量外, 其他品质性状受基因型和地点互作效应的影响达显著或极显著水平。强筋类品种的蛋白质含量、灰分含量、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和峰值黏度均较高, 出粉率和稀澥值中等。中筋类品种出粉率、和面时间和耐揉性较高, 灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。弱筋类品种的灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较高, 籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、出粉率、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性低。所有品种品质性状在地点间存在较大差异, 乌海市灰分含量、和面时间和耐揉性高, 籽粒硬度、沉降值、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。杭锦后旗出粉率高, 蛋白含量和沉降值较低, 其他性状表现中等。呼和浩特市籽粒硬度、蛋白含量、面粉灰分、沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性高, 出粉率、峰值黏度和稀澥值低。赤峰市多数性状表现中等。通辽市籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、峰值黏度、稀澥值和耐揉性较高, 其他性状表现中等。额尔古纳市蛋白含量和沉降值较高, 和面时间和耐揉性低。初步认为强筋和中筋类品种较适于种植在呼和浩特市与乌海市, 不适于种植在额尔古纳市; 2个弱筋类品种在6个地点均不太适宜种植。

Effects of Genotype, Location, and Genotype by Location Interaction on Main Wheat Quality Traits in Inner Mongolia

In our previous investigation on grain quality of Chinese spring sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we sampled two sites from Inner Mongolia and got primary result of location effect on grain quality. To map out the regional planning of quality of spring wheat grown in Inner Mongolia, we need to study the effects of genotype, location, and their interaction on wheat quality systematically under different eco-regions. In the present experiment, we used 9 cultivars including strong (4), medium (3), and weak (2) gluten types, to evaluate main wheat quality traits including grain hardness, protein content, mixograph properties and starch pasting parameters. All cultivars were sown at 6 representative locations in Inner Mongolia with completely randomized block design in 2003 and 2004. The results indicated that all of the wheat quality traits tested were significantly influenced by genotype and location effects, and were also significantly affected by genotype by location interaction effect except for grain protein content. The group of cultivars with strong gluten strength was characterized by high protein and ash content, high Zeleny sedimentation value, strong mixograph performance, medium flour yield, and good starch pasting parameters; the group of cultivars with moderate gluten strength was characterized by high flour yield and strong mixograph properties, but low ash content and poor starch pasting quality; while the group of cultivars with weak gluten strength was characterized by high ash content, good starch pasting parameters, but low grain hardness, protein content, flour yield, and sedimentation value, as well as weak mixograph properties. Significant differences for all quality parameters across locations were observed. Samples collected from Wuhai generally showed high ash content, strong mixograph performance, but low grain hardness and sedimentation value, and poor starch pasting parameters. Samples from Hangjinhouqi had high flour yield, medium starch pasting parameters and mixograph properties, but low protein content and sedimentation value. Samples from Hohhot expressed high grain hardness, protein and ash content, sedimentation value, and strong mixograph properties, but poor milling quality and starch pasting parameters; samples from Chifeng had medium values for all the traits; samples from Tongliao had high grain hardness and protein content, good starch pasting parameters, medium to strong mixograph properties, and medium for the other traits. Samples from Eerguna showed high protein content and sedimentation value, but weak mixograph properties. Based on the above information, Hohhot and Wuhai were the most suitable regions while Eerguna was not the suitable region for the production of cultivars with strong or medium strong gluten strength. It also showed that all the 6 locations were not suitable for the production of cultivars with weak gluten strength. The results provided some basic information for wheat breeding as well as quality wheat production zoning in Inner Mongolia.