ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。     

全方位入手实现无抗、替抗养猪

抗生素是由微生物(包括细菌、真菌、放线菌属)或高等动植物在生命过程中所产生的,具有抗病原体或其他活性的,一类次级代谢产物,能对抗在人或动物体内的致病菌等病原体,可治疗大多数细菌、立克次体、支原体、衣原体、螺旋体等微生物感染导致的疾病。现临床常用的抗生素有微生物培养液中提取物以及用化学方法合成或半合成的化合物,目前已知天然抗生素不下万种。     

中国昆虫文化简论

中国昆虫文化是在历史过程中创造并发展起来的,保留在中华民族中间,具有稳定形态,并对现代社会仍有影响的与昆虫相关的精神文化现象的。它是在一定历史条件下,国人及其生存环境辩证地互相影响的结果,是由劳动创造和生活提炼的精神产品。它包含在国人思想观念、思维方式、价值取向、道德情操、生产生活方式、礼仪制度、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、文学艺术、教育科技等领域之中。它具有神秘性、功利性、民族性、地域性、综合性等特征,以及满足需要、认知、规范、凝聚和娱乐等功能。     

天然植物生长调节剂芸苔素的生物活性及应用浅析

天然芸苔素属于甾体类植物内源生物活性物质,其骨架为甾醇,其中芸苔素内酯生物活性最强,被称为第六类植物激素,是高效、广谱、无毒的植物生长调节剂(PGR)。为更好地将芸苔素推广应用于农业生产,本文概括了芸苔素内酯的生物活性及在粮食、果蔬等作物上的应用。探讨了芸苔素内酯在提高种子活力,促进作物生长,大幅度促进产量提升以及品质改善,提升作物抗逆性,缓解农药对作物影响的研究概况及取得的进展,指出了芸苔素内酯的应用是作物增产增收的关键途径,同时,能够减少化肥、农药的施用量,减少作物种植成本与减轻环境污染,将带来显著的经济效益。     

基于应用型人才培养教学中思政教育的融入策略实施

思政教育是高职院校教学的重点内容,对学生的思想、行为会产生直接影响,同时与工匠精神存在紧密关系,需要对其予以融合。为了提升高职机械类专业教学的质量,引入思政教育极为重要,其在推动学生全面发展方面也发挥出了重要作用。基于此,主要以机械基础类专业教学为例,分析了高职机械类专业课程与思政教育的联系为切入点。同时,通过调整教学思路与路径,结合机械发展史展开思政教育,引入大国重器实际研发案例,落实全面评价这些思政教育的融入策略。     

Poorly crystalline iron and aluminium oxides contribute to the carbon saturation and sorption of dissolved organic carbon in the soil

Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg^?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.     

不同辣椒种质对象耳豆根结线虫的抗性评价

近年来象耳豆根结线虫的危害日益严重.为筛选抗象耳豆根结线虫的辣椒种质,本试验利用种属特异性引物对根结线虫病原物开展分子鉴定,确定为象耳豆根结线虫.接着采用室内人工接种法,对10份一年生辣椒种质和10份中国辣椒种质进行象耳豆根结线虫抗性鉴定,计算根结指数和卵粒指数,并通过比较隶属函数,发现其中3份辣椒种质对象耳豆根结线虫表现为高抗,抗病性最强的是L518M和L525-1M,L42M次之;10份表现为中抗;7份表现为感病,抗病能力最弱的是L69-1M;未发现免疫品种.本研究发现中国辣椒种质的抗病性整体高于一年生辣椒,是重要的抗病种质来源,可用于象耳豆根结线虫抗病育种和后续抗病机理的研究.     

Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.