烟草中酚类化合物研究进展

酚类物质是烟草中重要化合物,是衡量烟草品质的一项重要指标。从酚类化合物对烟叶色泽、香味以及吸味3个方面探讨其对烟草品质的影响,通过详述酚类化合物的测定方法,展望酚类化合物今后的研究方向。     

浓香型烟叶浸膏分子蒸馏轻组分微波裂解产物分析研究

为研究浓香型烟草提取物在裂解过程中的变化规律,采用微波裂解技术对浓香型烟叶浸膏分子蒸馏轻组分进行裂解,并对其裂解产物进行气相色谱-质谱分析。结果表明:①微波裂解时间为120 s时,裂解产物中香味物质的数量及含量均较高;②微波裂解功率为900 W时,裂解产物中香味物质的数量及含量均较高;③5次重复试验的组分峰面积RSD为2.76%,方法重复性良好;④轻组分裂解产物中,甲基麦芽酚、DDMP、2-甲基苯乙酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、4,7,9-巨豆三烯-3-酮等均为烟草中重要香味物质。     

浓香型烟叶浸膏分子蒸馏轻组分微波裂解产物分析研究

为研究浓香型烟草提取物在裂解过程中的变化规律,采用微波裂解技术对浓香型烟叶浸膏分子蒸馏轻组分进行裂解,并对其裂解产物进行气相色谱-质谱分析。结果表明,①微波裂解时间为120 s时,裂解产物中香味物质的数量及含量均较高;②微波裂解功率为900 W时,裂解产物中香味物质的数量及含量均较高;③5次重复试验的组分峰面积RSD为2.76%,方法重复性良好;④轻组分裂解产物中,甲基麦芽酚、DDMP、2-甲基苯乙酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、4,7,9-巨豆三烯-3-酮等均为烟草中重要香味物质。     

水分胁迫条件下烟草生理生化响应研究进展

水分胁迫影响烟株体内各种生理生化活动及其生长发育,进而影响烟叶产量和质量。笔者综述了在水分胁迫条件下,烟草叶片水分代谢、光合作用、保护酶和NR活性、内源激素、渗透调节物质、水分胁迫诱导蛋白和香味物质等生理指标的变化,为找出提高烟草抗旱性的生化调控措施和选育抗旱品种提供理论基础。并展望了今后的研究方向     

基因型和生态因素对烟草香气物质含量的影响

香气物质是反映烟叶质量的重要品质因素。烟叶的香气质、香气量和香型风格是由多种香气成分的组成、含量、比例及其相互作用所决定的。烟叶香气表现型受遗传因素和环境因素共同作用,遗传因素影响香气物质的性质和种类,环境因素则主要影响香气物质的含量和组成比例。当前,烟叶香气不足是影响中国烟叶质量提高的制约性因素。在此,综述了基因型和生态环境因素对烟草香味成分影响的研究概况。     

糖酯在烟草中的应用研究进展

糖酯是烟叶表面分泌物中的主要成分之一,也是在卷烟中广泛应用的一种重要香味前体物质,糖酯在烟草中的应用与研究日益得到关注。综述了糖酯作为香味前体物对卷烟香气的影响,作为保润剂对卷烟保润性能的影响、作为烟叶表面分泌物对烟叶外观质量等方面的应用研究进展,旨在为糖酯在烟草中进一步的应用研究提供参考。     

烟草糖酯的分析与合成研究进展

糖酯是烟草中一种重要的香味前体物质,其功能与应用日益受到关注。通过综述烟草中糖酯的分类、提取纯化、检测分析和合成方面的研究进展,提出糖酯研究的重点方向,旨在为糖酯研究提供参考。     

养分和水分管理对稻米香味影响的研究进展

香味是稻米重要的商品品质和食味品质指标,2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉（2-AP）是构成稻米香味的主要物质。养分和水分管理除了对水稻产量有影响外,对稻米香味也有重要影响。本文综述了稻米香味物质2-AP的形成机理、相关研究方法及养分和水分等主要管理措施对稻米香味的影响,并从节水灌溉与养分管理互作对稻米香味的影响等方面提出了加强米香的研究方向,为水稻的优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。     

外源物质提高烟草抗非生物胁迫的研究进展

水分、盐碱、温度和重金属等非生物逆境因子胁迫烟草的生长发育，研究发现外源物质在烟草逆境缓解中扮演十分重要的角色。文章归纳了非生物胁迫对烟草生长的不利影响，总结了外源物质缓解非生物胁迫的作用途径，分析了外源物质施用的最佳浓度，指出施用外源物质可能对烟草产生的不利影响，并指出了多种外源物质复配效果优于单一外援物质影响，同时展望了今后烟草非生物逆境研究的前景，以期为挖掘和应用新的外源物质以及阐明其缓解逆境影响的调控机制提供理论依据。     

烟草多酚类化合物的研究进展

近年来,国外对烟草多酚类化合物已进行了广泛的研究.多酚在烟草的生长发育,烟草的调制特性,色泽和等级,以及烟气香味等各个方面起着重要作用.为了进一步提高对烟草多酚类化合物的认识,作者综述了国内外的文献,重点介绍栽培管理条件对烟草多酚的生理代谢影响和多酚对烟草和烟气芳香吃味的作用.本文还综述了烟草多酚的种类、特性、分布、生理功能、生物合成和遗传变异等内容.     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6~9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L^-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5~6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法。结果表明,在含1%果胶酶+4%纤维素酶R-10+3%纤维素酶RS组合的酶解液中,保温4 h可制得产量较高、细胞碎片量较少的原生质体。     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.