生态环境与西部城市竞争力研究

西部城市生态环境的好坏直接关系到西部城市竞争力的培育和提高,而强有力的城市竞争力对加速西部地区城市化进程,促进全国经济均衡持续发展具有重要的战略意义。加强西部城市生态环境建设要注意：坚持可持续发展理念,避免“唯经济发展”观念;加快农村城市化步伐,减轻人口对城市区域环境的压力;大力培育发展环境产业,走生态建市的道路;推行投资项目评估制度,确保西部城市投资项目取得经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的统一;加强生态环境监察执法力度,根除环境污染源。     

The Evolution Characteristics of Spatial Layout of Ancient Chinese Capitals: A Case Study of Sui,Tang and Northern Song Dynasties With Important Changes in the Historical Development of Feudal Society

Imperial city and outer city are the most important differentiation of the spatial structure of ancient Chinese capitals.The relationship between city and Guo changed from the original spatial structure mode of "respecting the west" and "sitting in the west and facing the east" to the spatial structure mode of "sitting in the north and facing the south" and the three outer cities in the east,south and west surrounding the imperial city after the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and gradually changed from the original "multi palace" system to the "single palace" system.Finally,a "heavy city" capital spatial structure with the outer city around the imperial city and the imperial city around the palace city,and the central axis of the chessboard format was formed.During the Tang and Song Dynasties,it was a period of great change in the history of feudal society in China.Through the investigation of the evolution characteristics of the spatial form of capital cities in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the track of the transformation of social ideology,political system,economic structure and many other fields in the Tang and Song Dynasties was made clear.     

杨凌农科城在城市化建设中的作用、问题及发展定位分析

（西安理工大学工商管理学院,陕西西安 710054）     

乌鲁木齐市园林树种的调查，规划，评价

摘要 本文对乌鲁木齐市的园林树种和绿化现状进行了系统的调查和研究,依据园林绿地国家《城市绿地分类标准CJJ/T85-2002》,对主要的绿地类型中现有树种进行了调查、统计、分析、评价,应用城市生态学,园林美学,城市规划等学科的相关理论,根据乌鲁木齐市城市的生态特点和植被分布规律,以及乌鲁木齐市作为国家西部内陆地区集政治、经济、文化中心,交通枢纽于一身现代工业城市性质,对城市园林绿化树种进行了总体规划,为园林植物景观的优化提供了理论依据。 根据调查统计,乌鲁木齐市木本植物共有132种,其中常绿树种17种,落叶树种115种,常绿树种与落叶树种的比例为 1：6.76;从树种比例来看反映出乌鲁木齐市地属内陆干旱地区,树种单调且分布不均。 今后乌鲁木齐园林树种规划的原则是：（1）生态优先原则;（2）特色与创新原则;（3）适地适树原则;（4）可持续发展原则; 在此基础上确定了乌鲁木齐市城市绿化的基调树种、骨干树种,并对城市的生态防护林、景观路、行道树、公共绿地、垂直绿化等应用的树种进行了具体的规划。     

Strategic Study of the City Management Based on Function- oriented Pattern

With the development of reform and opening-up and the continual innovation of government function in China,the notion of city management will be used to each field of city development,thus the competition between cities will be more active.How to found function-oriented strategies of city management is a significant issue for showing city's imagery and improving city's ability in competition.Taking an example of Fuling,this paper analyzes the times background and defines the sorts of strategic resources in the course of Fuling's development.Meanwhile,this article determines the function and the imagery of Fuling based on the real background and strategic resources.At last,it gives suggestions on the strategies of city management in Fuling.     

基于危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)原理构建区域农产品质量安全监控体系——以稻谷为例

中国农产品产地环境开放,生产行为不受控。因此,必需建立一套符合中国国情的区域农产品质量安全监管模式。以稻谷为例,运用危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)原理分析了在其生产过程中潜在的危害因子。确定了产地环境、田间管理、产地准出及市场准入等环节是维系稻谷质量安全的关键控制点,提出构建由乡镇农产品质量安全监管站、县农产品质量安全监测站、地/市农产品质量安全监测中心和省农产品质量安全监测/评估/预警中心组成的四级监控体系及相应的纠偏程序与验证程序。通过对风险因子持续的监查、监测、评估、预警等,实现对区域农产品质量安全风险危害的有效管控。     

茶树遗传演化研究进展及SSR在茶树遗传演化研究中的应用前景

茶树[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]起源于我国的西南地区,在由起源地向我国其他地区和世界其他地区传播的过程中,发生了从形态学水平到细胞水平再到分子水平的一系列演化。对茶树遗传演化的研究,是茶树基础生物学的一个基本问题,也是茶树种质资源研究的重要方面。近年来,各种新技术、新方法被广泛应用于研究茶树遗传演化关系,取得了一定的进展。本文从形态学、细胞学、生物化学、分子生物学方面对茶树遗传演化研究取得的进展进行了综述,分析了SSR标记在植物遗传演化中的应用,探讨了SSR标记在茶树遗传演化研究中的应用前景,旨为进一步深入研究我国茶树遗传多样性、亲缘关系及演化路径分析提供参考。     

An infatuation with building things: Business strategies,linkages, and small city economic development in Manitoba

The establishment of a solid understanding of regional economic development has proved to be highly elusive. Research efforts within this area have focused largely on major urban areas, yet this somewhat narrow focus means that economic development activities in smaller urban centers have not received the attention that they deserve. This article investigates regional economic development within a small city context through a survey-based study of the entrepreneurial ecosystems operating in two small cities in the province of Manitoba. The results indicate that many currently accepted bases of regional business community expansion, such as government support and development of local suppliers, have limited utility within these cities. Concurrently, business leader survey responses from the two cities reveal a unique set of factors that drive economic development success in this nonmetropolitan case study, keyed by the pivotal role of a unique mix of nonlocal linkages, local cultural resources, and social connections in catalyzing local business expansion. These findings indicate that business community growth in the study cities proceeds from a distinctive template relative to larger centers, and suggest that increased research attention is necessary to elucidate the bases of business success in a more diverse selection of successful small cities.     

增强城乡统筹协调发展能力 突出解决“三农”问题

从不同层面描述了城乡差距、形成城乡关系失衡的危机意识。必须认识城乡统筹是生产关系必须适应生产力发展这一规律的必然体现,是资源优化配置的客观要求;造成城乡分化的主要原因是由于中国长期实行的城乡二元经济结构政策造成的;城乡统筹协调发展的国际经验值得借鉴;打破城乡分割体制、实现城乡关系平等、协调、融合、发展是增强城乡统筹协调发展能力、突出解决“三农”问题的主要措施。     

树立科学发展观 确保粮食安全

粮食安全;必要性;不利因素;存在问题;科学发展观;生产;贸易     

Study on Landscape Planning of Mourtcainous City

:In accordance with the problems, occurred in the mountainous city's construction, especially the crises such as the destruction of ecological and humanistic environment, the loss of traditional culture and characteristics and the disorder of urban structure, this paper discusses the distinctive landscape characteristic of mountainous city thoroughly.     

The Changing Geography of Domestic Financial City Network in China, 1995–2015

Based on longitudinal office distribution data on top domestic financial enterprises, this study explores the evolution of China's financial city network in the last two decades by means of a social network analysis. The position of each city in financial city network is evaluated from two aspects which are external financial resources attraction and headquarters financial development based, respectively, on urban weighted indegree and urban weighted outdegree. Taking these two aspects together, the top echelons of the financial city network can be regarded as potential national or regional financial centers. Furthermore, by means of a panel data regression analysis, determining factors of financial city network evolution are explored from perspectives of location, institution, and social‐economy. We find that most cities have witnessed significant changes in city position, especially in terms of external financial resources attraction, and the influencing factors of financial development vary by region due to the disparities in regional financial development environments.     

Spatial Structure Adjustment Strategies of the Coal Resource-Based Cities during the Mature Period: A Case Study of Pingdingshan

Coal cities are the main part of the resource-based cities in China, and the benign development of coal cities' spatial structure has a direct impact on these cities' future economic and social development, as well as the urban residents' welfare. Land use fragmentation is the most typical morphological characteristic of the coal city's spatial structure development. In this paper, Pingdingshan City of Henan Province in China is taken as an example. Through empirical analysis, the urban spatial structure development processes of a typical coal resource-based city in its mature period are illustrated, and the formation reasons and potential mechanism behind coal city land use fragmentation are explored, and the measurement method of land use fragmentation degree of the coal city is put forward. On the above basis, the appropriate adjustment strategies and methods aimed at the coal city spatial structure are found out and given. This study is a good guideline and reference for the spatial structure planning and land use planning of the coal city during the mature and declining period, which is of great help to the sustainable development and industrial structure transformation of the coal city. It also has certain reference significance for the coal city in the growth period.     

Analysis of Clustering Algorithm in Behavior Mode of Customers in China Telecom

China telecom industry are facing a series of changes caused from the business circumstances and the market composition.Under this new situation,they must pay attention to develop their core competence.CRM of customer as the center is suitable for China telecom industry.Only through CRM the companies know the behavior mode of customers' and supply the statisfactory products/service.Thus,the companies can exist and develop well.So,using CRM to rebuild their managerial mode is a necessity trend for China telecom industry to develop their information management.     

“新生代民工”的心理和思想政治工作

“新生代民工”是相对于20世纪80年代的老一代民工而言的。他们和老一代民工一样，打工是为了挣钱，为了发展。然而，在传统的二元结构背景下，新一代民工在城市同样遭受了许多不公平的待遇，这不仅造成了新一代民工在思想和心理上对城市的疏离感，也不利于城市的稳定和进一步发展。近期，又有媒体报道，北京将废除“外来人员管理条理”。所有这些都表明，新形势下研究如何加强城市中的农民工的管理，特别是如何加强他们的思想政治工作，显得意义非常重大。应从用工单位、居住社区、大众传媒、提高民工自身素质等方面加强民工的思想政治工作，使他们尽快适应城市生活。     

Intellectual property rights and access rules for germplasm: benefit or straitjacket?

Today the free access to germplasm for breeding purposes is becoming more and more limited by two different developments: the patenting of traits and varieties on the one hand and the evolution with regard to access and benefit sharing in the convention on biological diversity (CBD) and the international treaty for plant genetic resources of food and agriculture (IT-PGRFA) on the other hand. Patents are generally more restrictive regarding research and breeding than plant breeder’s rights in which the important notion of the breeder’s exemption in the laws based on the international union for the protection of new varieties of plants. Conventions provides free access to commercialized, protected plant varieties for further commercial breeding. This breeder’s exemption is limited by the notion of essential derivation: closely bred “essentially derived varieties” (EDV’s) need for the purpose of commercialization the permission of the owner of the protected initial variety where the EDV has been derived from. New traits, from natural or artificial sources, can be protected by patents. The plants containing a patented trait do fall under its patent protection. In the USA conventional varieties can also be patented, which is not possible in most other countries in the world. This patent system allows claims on the progenies resulting from crossing patented plants with other plants. As each new variety consists of a unique combination of existing characteristics and crossing this variety with plants of other varieties yield new combinations, the ownership of a particular variety should not extend to the progenies of the crossing parents. The CBD and IT-PGRFA treaties subject the access to germplasm to particular rules for benefit sharing, whereby the terms for access under the CBD are still to be established and the outcome of the present negotiations is very uncertain. On top of these developments private companies use increasingly Material Transfer Agreements and restrictions printed on seed bags to limit the access to commercial varieties for breeding purposes. The question arises whether this tightening straitjacket will benefit or harm the breeding of new varieties in the long run and how the breeders in the field (will) cope with these developments.     

城市化进程中的农村居民点用地变化分析 ——以广州市为例

随着社会经济的发展,在区域建设用地变化中,占重要地位的农村居民点用地变化,已经成为城乡一体化进程中值得关注的问题。以城市化为角度对广州市农村居民点用地现状和变化进行了分析,研究发现在1997~2002年间,广州市的城市化水平综合指标由68.28增加到75.28,年平均增长的比率为1.92 %,而农村居民点用地的变化非常平稳,在6年间共增长了 796.67 hm2,年平均增长的比率为0.47 %。以上数据反映广州市农村居民点用地变化滞后于经济发展和城市化。广州的城市化是以自组织为主的城镇化,产业与居住的分散化决定了小城镇发展呈现均衡性特征。这样实质上把有限的农村空间割裂为多个不大的发展中心。这种多中心往往导致无中心,即建设无重点、发展无中心、各乡镇过度竞争,造成区域内资源的不合理流动与低效率配置,影响资源向优势区位的流转,无法形成土地资源的集约利用,最终导致农村居民点用地变化滞后于经济发展和城市化。针对农村居民点用地状况,当前对策主要是依托城市化对农村居民点进行土地整理规划使其用地变化向规模减少、集约利用发展。广州市有农村居民点的各区(县级)市,发展情况各不相同,根据不同的社会经济发展条件和地理条件可以对上述区域进行分类,分别采用适合的模式。     

Density,Distance, and Division: Rural Poverty in a Developing‐Country Context

The 3Ds, namely, density, distance, and division, are important for regional economic development and are integrated into a “3D” analytical framework in the 2009 World Development Report. Few empirical studies have examined the relevance of the 3D framework for explaining rural poverty in a developing‐country context. The effects of density on poverty are seldom studied, and distances to different layers of city centers on poverty may vary across different contexts. This paper aims to fill these gaps. Examining the case of Guizhou Province in China and adopting methods of the ordinary least square, instrument variable, and spatial econometrics, we find the evidence of the 3D framework for explaining rural poverty at the county level. Population density has a negative effect on rural poverty, while division, as measured by share of the ethnic minority population, has a positive effect. The effects of distance are mixed. Distance to Guiyang, which is the provincial political‐economic center of Guizhou province, has a negative effect on rural poverty, whereas distance to the local city center has no effect. These results can provide important policy implications for local poverty‐alleviation.     

Development Capacity of the Old -town Renewal Determined by GIS --A Case Study of Old -town Renewal in Nanyang City

Along with the process of urbanization,the old-town renewal has become the top task in the city construction.Directed by quantitative analysis of city's economy,this paper puts forward a new conception and model of development capacity for old city renewal,established land class evaluation system and AHP model to determine the land class and its evaluation factors.Restricted by the old town's eco-environment and social environment,and targeted by its economy,this paper suggests that the upper limit model of the old city's development capacity should be decided by its eco-environment volume and social environment,and the lower limit model should be determined by the market economy,thus the renewal can see the economy,society and environment proceed orderly and harmoniously.Upon the platform of ARCGIS with considering Nanyang old town renewal planning and design,this paper has drawn a digital map for old town renewal development intensity,and explores tentatively the proper development capacity under the platform of GIS.     

Towards Modeling National Preference Formation for Regional Development Policy: Lessons from Developed and Less Developed Countries

National preferences for the development of regional and environmental policy are dependent on the competitive resolution of priorities emanating from four national centers of preference formation, namely: (a) national opinion leaders, (b) society at large, (c) state political institutions, and (d) the private business sector. The viability of national policies for regional development and environmental protection is assumed to be a function of the degree of systemic concordance among these four competing loci of preference formation. The paper explores differences between developed and developing countries in the formation of national preferences and analyzes the process by which competing preferences for regional development and environmental protection are ultimately resolved. It demonstrates that MDCs enjoy a high degree of harmony among their more autonomous centers of preference formation to achieve regional development goals, whereas LDCs are constrained by the dominant and coercive role of the state apparatus.