不同处理对“新疆早黄”无花果采后生理的影响

以"新疆早黄"无花果为试材,在温度0~2℃,相对湿度(RH)80%~85%的环境下分别采用不同浓度1-MCP(0.5、1.0μL/L)或Cl O2(5、10μL/L)熏蒸处理12 h,并在相应环境下贮藏,研究不同浓度1-MCP或Cl O2处理对无花果采后生理的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,1-MCP或Cl O2处理均能够推迟无花果呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰的出现时间,降低呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰,保持较好的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制丙二醛(MDA)的累积,其中1.0μL/L1-MCP处理组效果最好。     

1-MCP处理对库尔勒香梨低温贮藏期间活性氧代谢及品质的影响

以库尔勒香梨为材料,研究1.0μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对梨果实低温贮藏(-1.5～0℃、RH 90%～95%)期间活性氧代谢及品质的影响。结果表明:在低温贮藏期间,1-MCP处理可以保持梨果实的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,减缓梨果实O2·产生速率、H2O2含量的上升,减少丙二醛(MDA)的积累;1-MCP处理延缓梨果实色度角、硬度的下降,保持果实的可溶性固形物(SSC)含量和VC含量,推迟呼吸速率高峰的出现,抑制果实蜡质含量的上升,有效保持了低温贮藏期间梨果实的品质。     

一氧化氮对冷藏鲜切桃贮藏品质的影响

为探究适宜的鲜切桃冷藏条件下抑制褐变的方法,将鲜切"蒙阴"桃分别在清水(对照)、5、10、15μmol/L一氧化氮(NO)溶液中浸泡5 min,并于5℃下贮藏10 d,研究NO对鲜切桃贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,NO处理有效延缓了鲜切桃片褐变度的升高以及硬度、L*值、可溶性固形物含量的下降,从而使鲜切桃在贮藏期间保持了较好的外观品质;同时NO处理减低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性高峰值,从而降低了褐变程度,提高了鲜切桃超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制了丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)和总酚含量的上升,提高了鲜切桃片的贮藏品质,其中以10μmol/L NO保鲜效果最好。由此表明,10μmol/L NO处理是一种较好的抑制鲜切桃褐变的加工方法。     

H2O2和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O对棉花幼苗抗低温效应的影响

试验分析了H2O2(双氧水)和Ce(NO3)3.6 H2O(硝酸铈)浸种对棉花幼苗抗低温效应的影响。通过对幼苗长度、根系活力、POD(过氧化物酶)活性、CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性和PrO(脯氨酸)含量的测定,结果显示:H2O2和Ce(NO3)3.6 H2O混合液对棉花幼苗抗低温效应有比较显著的影响,其中以0.50 mmol/L H2O2 35μg/ml Ce(NO3)3.6 H2O混合液效果最佳。     

外源抗坏血酸处理对胡萝卜贮藏期间品质的影响

研究外源抗坏血酸(AsA)处理对胡萝卜贮藏过程中品质的影响,采用100 mg/L AsA处理‘京红五寸’与‘鞭杆红’品种的胡萝卜,于0℃条件下贮藏,测定贮藏期间胡萝卜的品质指标。通过测定100 mg/L AsA处理后的2种胡萝卜指标发现,外源AsA处理能够保持胡萝卜蛋白质含量及抗坏血酸含量,延缓胡萝卜糠心现象的发生、并能延缓胡萝卜游离氨基酸含量的升高,外源AsA处理提高了胡萝卜过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,抑制了胡萝卜贮藏过程中H2O2含量的增加,有效保持了胡萝卜的食用品质。外源抗坏血酸处理能有效延缓胡萝卜在贮藏过程中的衰老进程,保持了胡萝卜的品质,有利于延长胡萝卜的贮藏时间。     

不同浓度水杨酸处理对樱桃番茄在贮藏期间活性氧代谢的影响

以樱桃番茄为研究对象,采摘后用质量浓度为0.1,0.3,0.5 g/L的水杨酸(SA)溶液浸泡果实20 min,在室温条件(20～25℃)贮藏,以清水作为对照。测定与活性氧代谢相关的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性以及超氧阴离子(O2-)的产生速率,确立其变化趋势。结果表明,质量浓度为0.5 g/L的SA涂膜处理,能降低樱桃番茄贮藏期间CAT,APX活性的下降幅度,有效地提高樱桃番茄SOD的活性,将樱桃番茄中的POD维持在一个较高活性状态,抑制超氧阴离子速率的增长,防止了过高的氧化伤害,延缓了细胞的衰老,从而延长果实的贮藏期。     

外源钙对贮藏期马铃薯细胞膜及过氧化物酶的影响

以马铃薯品种克新1号为实验材料,利用0.5％和1.0％Ca(NO3)2进行采后浸钙处理,分析其对细胞膜的相对透性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明：钙处理能有效降低相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高过氧化物酶活性,从而增加马铃薯块茎的耐贮藏性,其中以1.0％Ca(NO3)2处理的效果最好。     

盐胁迫对薏苡种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以小白壳薏苡为试验材料,比较Na Cl、Na HCO3、Na2SO4、Na2CO3对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着Na+浓度的升高,4种盐处理薏苡种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长总体呈下降趋势,抑制性Na2CO3Na HCO3Na2SO4Na Cl;薏苡幼苗生长中,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量及Na2SO4、Na Cl处理中过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈上升趋势,均在250mmol/L[Na+]时达到最高;过氧化氢酶(CAT)及Na2CO3、Na HCO3处理中POD活性呈先增后降趋势,Na+浓度分别为200和150mmol/L时两酶活性最高。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响

为探究不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响,以桂蹄3号新鲜荸荠为试材,采用浓度分别为100、200、400 mg/L的6-BA浸泡鲜切荸荠3 min,以纯水浸泡处理为对照(CK),测定贮藏过程中总酚、类黄酮、醌、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量变化以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等相关指标.结果表明:与对照相比,6-BA处理减少了总酚、类黄酮、醌类等呈色物质的积累,进而有效抑制了鲜切荸荠褐变,维持了鲜切荸荠贮藏期间的色泽,同时降低了PPO、POD和PAL等褐变相关酶活性;此外,6-BA处理抑制了鲜切荸荠中MDA和H2O2含量,提高了贮藏期间CAT和SOD活性,进而提升了鲜切荸荠在贮藏期间的品质.通过对比不同浓度6-BA处理效果可知,400 mg/L 6-BA处理在抑制鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢方面效果最好.     

1-MCP结合ClO2处理对樱桃果实采后生理和品质的影响

以萨米脱和奇好樱桃果实为试材,研究了常温(20℃)贮藏条件下不同处理方式(CK、Cl O2、1-MCP、1-MCP+Cl O2)对果实采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,Cl O2处理可明显降低樱桃果实的腐烂率,1-MCP处理各项指标无明显变化规律,1-MCP+Cl O2处理可明显降低萨米脱(4~12 d)、奇好(2~12 d)樱桃果实的呼吸强度,抑制果实硬度、VC、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,延缓果实衰老,延长贮藏保鲜期,但对乙醇含量无明显影响。1-MCP+Cl O2处理的萨米脱樱桃常温贮藏6 d,奇好樱桃常温贮藏12 d,可保持较低的腐烂率和失重率,且具有良好的风味和口感。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6~9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L^-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5~6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法。结果表明,在含1%果胶酶+4%纤维素酶R-10+3%纤维素酶RS组合的酶解液中,保温4 h可制得产量较高、细胞碎片量较少的原生质体。     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.