马铃薯试管苗扩繁及移栽试验

以马铃薯试管苗为材料，通过对试管苗扩繁培养基、移栽基质的筛选和网棚移栽试管苗试验。选出了最适扩繁培养基和最适移栽苗基质配方。网棚移栽试管苗成活率达95％以上，试管苗结薯数最高达5．35粒／株。     

留茬培养对马铃薯试管苗生长及移栽成活率的影响

本试验对0～5代留茬培养的马铃薯试管苗的株高、可用节数、叶数、成株率和移栽成活率进行了观察记录.结果证明,马铃薯试管苗连续3代留茬培养对其扩繁无显著影响;连续2代留茬培养对移栽成活率影响不大.从第四代起,留茬苗的移栽成活率明显降低;但留茬培养代数对试管苗的单株结薯数和大薯率(大于1 g)的影响不显著.     

提高冬小麦花粉试管苗移栽成活率和H1单株产量的研究

前人曾进行过将小麦试管苗栽入经消毒的营养土的花盆、营养液、纸钵等多种试验,但没找到一个简单易行且移栽成活率和结实率均高的方法。近年来我们进行了直接栽于田间的研究,获得较好效果。现简报如下。 一、移栽方法对试管苗成活率的影响 1974～1988年我们曾反复进行腐熟马粪或树叶肥、砂子或炉灰、菜园土按不同比例装入花盆,于不同时间不同地点移栽的试验,其成活率最高年份也没达到过60％。1989年以来连续3年把经闭管(不打开棉塞)炼苗5～7天的试管苗,用清水洗尽培养基后栽入田间,及时浇水覆膜,使每一个畦成为一个小塑料棚(高70～80cm、长500～600cm、宽300cm)。在     

红掌组培苗生根条件优化

红掌通过组培快繁生产大量种苗已为市场所趋,而试管苗的生根和炼苗移栽是组培快繁过程中的重要组成部分。根据调查显示,红掌诱导试管苗生根过程的费用占试管苗总生产费用的35％～45％。培养成本高、移栽成活率低一直是红掌组织培养中的两大难题。因此,降低试管苗生根成本对提高组培苗工厂化生产的经济效益极其重要。此次试验的目的在于找出利于红掌生根的方法、添加物以及生长素的种类和浓度,提高组培苗的生根率、长势、移栽成活率及质量,缩短生产周期,降低组培苗生根成本。     

优质红枫R的栽培技术研究

该试验主要以美国红枫R的试管苗为试验材料,对此品种的炼苗移栽技术进行了研究。将生根生长30 d后的试管苗移栽到不同组合的栽培基质上炼苗,并采取保湿措施,培养30 d,这样在田间进行移栽时成活率高。这个方法对其他品种红枫的移栽也具有借鉴意义。     

不结球白菜耐热变异体的生长与移栽及品质分析

以不结球白菜耐热变异体为供试材料，比较了不同浓度蒸糖，IBA和MET对试管苗生长及发根的影响；比较了不同基质，炼苗天数和保湿天数对试管苗移栽成活率的影响；测定了植株叶片的游离氨基酸含量和观察了植株田间的耐热、耐湿及抗病性。实验结果表明，培养基中添加2％蔗糖，0.1mg/L IBA和0.1mg/L MET有益于试管苗的健壮及发根；用珍珠岩作基质，5d炼苗和保湿10d可以提高移栽成活率；耐热变异体中存在氨基酸含量和耐热、耐湿、抗病性比原始品种提高的材料。     

椰子胚培试管苗的移栽成活率研究

摘要：以海南高种椰子胚培试管苗为移栽试材,研究了不同胚培苗质量﹑栽培基质、移栽环境对椰子胚培试管苗移栽成活率的影响。结果表明,椰子胚培苗移栽成活的关键在于胚培苗的质量,根系发达﹑生长健壮的胚培苗成活率高。正常苗﹑少根苗﹑污染苗的移栽成活率分别为86.7%﹑29.5%﹑36.4%。最理想的移栽基质为草炭：椰糠：河砂=2：1：1;在培养室环境下移栽效果最佳。     

香叶天竺葵组织培养技术研究

利用香叶天竺葵茎段为外植体,经过芽的诱导、增殖培养、生根诱导等环节,成功获得香叶天竺葵的再生植株,实验结果表明：升汞处理外植体以5min效果最好,灭菌成活率达78．8％,茎段在含有6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L＋3G白糖＋0．4％琼脂的MS培养基中芽的诱导率达95％,芽体在含有6-BA1mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L＋3％白糖＋0．4％琼脂的MS培养基中增殖倍数可达7,试管苗在含有IBA1mg／L＋0．3％活性炭＋3％白糖＋0．4％琼脂的1／2MS培养基中生根率达100％;试管苗移栽基质为河沙：腐殖=2：1,移栽成活率达98％以上。     

马铃薯茎尖脱毒试管苗假植技术

马铃薯茎尖脱毒以后,试管培养结束,要移入大田生产,必须经过假植成活以后才能开始选苗定植。假植是试管苗由室內转室外,由培养基营养培植转入异养生活的过渡阶段,是一项艰难烦索而又技术性强的工作。我县今年共假植试管苗四千余株,实际成活二千余株,成活率     

生姜组织培养中增殖与生根同步培养技术研究

对生姜组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究,建立了生姜试管苗增殖与生根同步培养技术规程.结果:在培养基MS 6-BA 2.0～3.0mg/L NAA 0.5～1.0mg/L上,可以实现生姜增殖与生根诱导同步进行,以MS 6-BA 3.0mg/L NAA 1.0mg/L为最佳培养基,继代繁殖周期为25～30d,繁殖系数7以上,生根诱导率达100%;培养20 d后,将试管苗移栽到菜园土:河沙=1:1的混合基质中,保湿培养,移栽成活率达96.4%.     

The use of an in vitro adventitious bud technique for mutation breeding of Begonia x hiëmalis

Summary An in vitro propagation of two genotypes of Begonia x hiëmalis was achieved through adventitious shoot formation on (sub)cultured leaf-disc explants and subsequent transplantation to soil of explant-parts with adventitious shoots.After irradiation of detached leaves with different doses of X-rays and two cycles of adventitious shoot formation on in vitro (sub)cultured leaf-disc explants, plantlets were produced. About 30% of these plants was mutated with respect to e.g. the colour, size and form of the leaves and flowers. The great majority of the mutants (98.5%) proved to be solid (non-chimeric).     

玉米小孢子培养再生植株的移栽及倍性评估

在玉米小孢子培养再生植株的生根培养基添加1.0mg/L IBA、0.05mg/L NAA和1mg/L MET,能明显抑制株高,促进发根,再生植株生长粗壮,根系发达,移栽后成活率高。移栽前要开瓶炼苗,时间以24-48h为宜。移栽时先用蛭石和珍珠岩作为基质,培育5~7d后,然后再移入耕作土加1/3充分腐熟鸡粪的基质中,再生植株的成活率可达90%以上,成活的再生植株叶色浓绿,根系发达,长势良好。通过测量气孔保卫细胞长度来评估再生植株的染色体倍性是一种简单可行的方法。     

Short-duration colchicine treatment for in vitro chromosome doubling during ovule culture of Beta vulgaris L.

Colchicine uptake into ovules of sugar beet after 7 days of culture and its chromosome-doubling effect on ovule-derived plants were studied with high colchicine concentrations (0.4–6.0%) and short treatment duration (0–5 h). The best result of 4.2 diploid plants per 100 ovules was produced by treatment with 0.4% colchicine for 2.5 h. Both colchicine concentration and treatment time of ovules showed toxic effects on embryo formation, but it was stabilized at a low level with short exposure. The chromosome-doubling effect, by contrast, was unchanged with the colchicine concentrations used, but highly affected by the duration of exposure studied. A maximum percentage of 60% diploid plants was obtained after 3–5 h of uptake, which corresponds to only 31–39% of the total capacity for colchicine uptake in the ovules. Further uptake of the drug produced mainly toxic effects. Flow-cytometric measurements of the ploidy level in plantlets in vitro and of the same plants before flowering in soil were similar in about 80% of cases. Thus, flow-cytometric selection of diploid plants in vitro may be an efficient tool.     

大丽花叶片离体再生体系的建立

为了建立大丽花高效遗传转化体系及解决今后通过植物基因工程选育新种质的问题,以大丽花为试材,研究光照条件、叶片生理状态、激素浓度等因素对叶片再生的影响,建立以大丽花离体叶片为外植体的高频再生体系。研究结果表明：以顶部充分展开的25天叶龄的无菌苗叶片为外植体,在含KT 7 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L的MS分化培养基上,暗培养15天后转到光下培养,20天后开始有不定芽直接从叶片上分化产生,出现的高峰期在接种后30~35天,芽分化率最高可达86%,平均叶片再生芽位点数为5.0。待不定芽长至2 cm以上时,将其剪下转到生根培养基1/2MS+ NAA 0.1 mg/L上培养后得到生根的完整植株。     

建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)的脱除研究

本研究的主要目的是通过茎尖培养的技术手段来探索蝴蝶兰病毒的脱除问题,为建立工厂化无毒苗培养体系提供技术支撑。长期的工厂化生产,使蝴蝶兰经常感染各种病毒,导致叶片产生枯斑、褪绿、坏死等现象,使花朵畸形变色。其中建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)是最常见的2种病毒。实验取已检测出含有CymMV和ORSV病毒的蝴蝶兰植株花梗,进行诱导丛生芽的培养,对丛生芽进行继代增殖形成组培苗用于脱毒处理。切取组培苗的茎尖顶端分生组织进行培养,茎尖长度在1~6 mm之间,随着茎尖长度的增加,成活率上升,脱毒率明显降低。取2~3 mm组培苗茎尖,经0、10、20、30、40 mg/L的三氮唑核苷浸泡15 min处理和在含有相应浓度的三氮唑核苷培养基中培养30天后,继代培养形成再生植株。实验采用ELISA法对脱毒前的蝴蝶兰植株以及脱毒后的再生植株进行2种病毒检测,通过显色反应判断是否含有病毒病原。实验结果表明,蝴蝶兰脱毒苗的成活率随着三氮唑核苷浓度的增加而降低,当其浓度达到40 mg/L时,茎尖顶端分生组织出现严重的透明和褐变现象,未获得再生植株。而试管再生苗的脱毒率则随着三氮唑核苷浓度的升高而增加。在添加30 mg/L的三氮唑核苷进行化学抑制病毒的处理后,可以比单纯使用茎尖培养的方式脱毒率提高22.3%。     

陆地棉体细胞植株再生及其移栽技术研究

以7个陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种为材料，对体细胞植株再生及移栽技术进行了研究。在含IAA和KT和0.5ppm的MSB培养基上，Coker312、Coker201、鲁棉1024、冀合3016和河南79等5个品种能形成数量不等的胚性愈伤组织，中棉12和邯郸14的愈伤组织继代后便褐化死亡。胚性愈伤组织振荡培养1个月以上转移到成熟培养基上获得大     

Efficient hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum via 'embryo rescue' and in vitro propagation

For the transfer of valuable traits from wild species into the cultivated tomato, excised globular-stage embryos 13 and 15 days after pollination (DAP) were cultured in vitro. Plants were regenerated from interspecific crosses of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. ‘Early pink’×L. peruvianum PI270435, and backcrosses of L. esculentum‘Giban (JF) No. 1’× (‘Early pink’× PI270435). Somatic embryos and single cotyledons emerged on hypocotyl sections of the embryos. Five to nine plantlets per embryo were obtained by clonal propagation. The hybrid nature of the plants is confirmed by comparing hybrids and parents in their ability to regenerate shoots from leaf segments in vitro, by comparing plant morphology and characteristics and by chromosome number. This study describes an efficient ‘embryo rescue’ method, as well as somatic embryogenesis by clonal propagation. A novel and simple method for the characterization of the interspecific hybrids is also reported.     

Induction and development of adventitious shoots of Atropa baetica as a means of propagation

In vitro propagation of Atropa baetica was established employing axillary buds. Single buds were cultured through a multiple shoot induction phase, rooting phase, and then followed by acclimatization in soil. For multiple shoot induction, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3% sucrose, supplemented with either 0.75 or 1.25 mg l^-1 of BAP provided the best results with an average of 5.6 shoots per explant after 31 days of culture. Similar results were obtained with higher BAP concentrations (1.75–2.0 mg l^-1); however, these media had a negative effect on the subsequent root induction due to residual BAP effect. Medium containing only 0.25 mg l^-1 of BAP induced a significantly lower number of shoots. Root induction occurred spontaneously after transferring the shoots onto MS medium lacking any plant growth regulator. Moreover, root induction also occurred on media supplemented with 0.125 and 0.25 mg l^-1 of NAA. On these two rooting media, this response was more prominent and with a higher number of roots per explant. Nevertheless, after 28 days on root induction medium, the number of rooted plantlets was similar on the three media. Acclimatization of plantlets in soil was very successful (95.52%). However, all plantlets which died during acclimatization were rooted on medium containing 0.25 mg l^-1 NAA suggesting a negative carry over effect of this medium upon plantlet survival, irrespective of the initial BAP treatment used. On the other hand, karyological studies showed no variation in the number of chromosome (2n=72) in root tips of the plantlets produced. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

表达bar基因的抗除草剂转基因甘薯的获得

用农杆菌介导法将bar基因导入甘薯主栽品种徐薯18的胚性悬浮细胞中,获得了抗除草剂的转基因植株.农杆菌菌株EHA105携带的双元载体pCAMBIA3300上含有bar基因.来自于徐薯18胚性悬浮细胞的直径为0.7～1.3 min的280个胚性细胞团用于遗传转化.共培养3 d后,首先在含有2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb的液体MS培养基中培养1周,然后将胚性细胞团转移到添加2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb 和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上进行选择培养.选择8周后,将获得的37个PPT抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1 mg/L ABA、100mg/L carb和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上,其中的34个愈伤组织诱导得到体细胞胚并发芽形成小植株,共获得了164株拟转基因植株.PCR分析表明,其中的123株为转基因植株.Southern blot和Northern blot分析表明,bar基因稳定整合到转基因植株的基因组中并正确表达.除草剂喷洒试验结果表明,转基因植株具有高度除草剂抗性.     

巴西橡胶树自根幼态无性系的试管微繁

带有腋芽的橡胶花药苗切段接种在MS 6—BA2mg/L的培养基上,30～40天新芽可长至3～5cm高,并可切割再次增殖;切取3～5cm高带叶片的增殖芽作为插条,基部经50～100mg/L IBA预处理再插到生根培养基上,生根率达95％;诱发的根系与茎杆之间愈合良好,输导组织连接紧密,生根植株移栽成活率达85％以上。