甘蔗常用亲本及优良组合双亲间遗传相似性分析

采用18对SSR引物和15对AFLP引物对我国196份甘蔗常用亲本的遗传相似性进行分析,分别获得438和1192个标记,多态性位点比例分别是87.60%,80.80%,平均为84.2%;亲本遗传相似系数变幅介于0.476～0.9099之间,总平均值为0.6673,遗传差异处于中等水平的亲本占了大多数,而差异较小和较大的都只是少数;45个甘蔗品种亲系的遗传相似系数分布在0.5687～0.6723,平均值为0.6723,91.11%甘蔗品种亲系的遗传相似系数集中在0.6100～0.7300之间,较理想的甘蔗杂交组合亲本间的遗传相似系数应为0.6723±0.0600;聚类分析表明,以遗传相似系数阈值约为0.700划分,育出45个品种所使用的30个亲本可分为9大类,在不同类型间选择亲本搭配的组合更容易选育出优良品种.     

辣椒遗传多样性的SSR分析

采用109对SSR特异引物对89份辣椒材料进行分析,其中87对引物扩增出条带,52对引物具有多样性,扩增带分子量在150～2 000 bp之间,231条谱带中175条谱带具有多态性,多态率占75.76%,平均每个引物可扩增出2.66条带,说明辣椒材料的遗传多样性相对较小.89份材料经过NTSYS2.1.0软件分析后,计算出材料间遗传距离,并做出SSR分子标记聚类图.结果显示,89份材料在遗传相似系数0.60处分为两类,可以将栽培种和野生种区分开来,在遗传相似系数0.80处可以分为四类,总体上看,将果实类型相似的种质基本都聚在一起,说明用SSR标记进行辣椒遗传多样性的分析是可行的.     

20份甜高粱遗传多态性的RAPD和SSR分析

利用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术,旨在探讨来自不同地区的20份甜高粱杂交种和品种资源遗传多态性及亲缘关系.试验结果表明,筛选出31条RAPD引物在20份甜高粱的DNA中产生稳定清晰条带数为202条,其中多态性片段167条,多态率为82.67％,品种间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.613～0.870,平均值为0.744;筛选出91对SSR引物在20份品种资源的DNA中扩增片段数为297条,其中多态性片段267条,多态率为89.90％,品种间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.555 ～0.837,平均值为0.695;20份甜高粱的2种分子标记的单独聚类分析结果表现出一定差异,但2种趋势大致相近;结合RAPD和SSR这2种标记联合数据的品种聚类分析结果,更能全面客观地反映品种间的遗传多态性及亲缘关系.     

7个粳稻SSR和SRAP分子标记遗传距离比较及其与产量性状杂种优势的关系

本研究选用产量性状有显著差异的7个粳稻品种,按照Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ配制21个杂交组合,用SSR和SRAP分子标记分析亲本遗传距离及其与粳稻产量性状杂种优势问的关系,并比较分析两种分子标记在估算遗传距离时的差别.结果表明,每对SSR引物产生1～11条多态性带,平均3.8条,而每对SRAP引物组合产生1～15条多态性带,平均5.2条.SRAP引物所扩增的条带数和多态性何点数分别是SSR引物的3.3倍和1.3倍.两种分子标记对遗传相似系数较小的品种进行聚类分析时可获得一致的结果,但对遗传相似系数较大的品种进行聚类分析时所得结果并不一致;粳稻产量性状杂种优势的表现大小因件状和杂交组合不同而异;F_1杂种产量性状的表现与亲本自身的性状特点和互补关系密切,用SSR和SRAP分子标记遗传距离难以预测粳稻杂种后代的产量表现和杂种优势强弱.     

含斑茅血缘的甘蔗回交后代遗传多样性SSR分析

利用SSR分子标记对44个含斑茅血缘的甘蔗回交后代和38个常规甘蔗栽培种进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,在80对SSR引物中筛选出17对扩增带型清晰、多态性较好的引物,共扩增出40条多态性条带,每对引物的扩增条带数介于1～5条之间,平均2.4条。引物检测到的有效等位基因数(Ne)介于1～3.1,平均值为1.809 8;多态性信息量(PIC)介于0～0.611,平均值为0.307 9;Shanoon指数(I)介于0～1.238 2,平均值为0.591 2;Ne's基因多样性指数(H)介于0～0.677 8,平均值为0.357 4。82份试验材料之间的遗传相似系数介于0.425～0.975之间,平均值为0.679,含斑茅血缘甘蔗回交后代品系间的平均遗传相似系数为0.700,常规甘蔗栽培种间的平均遗传相似系数为0.673,而含斑茅血缘甘蔗回交后代与常规甘蔗栽培种间的平均遗传相似系数为0.666。采用非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类分析表明,在遗传相似系数为0.59处,所有材料被划分为2个类群,‘台糖95-8899’独成一类,其他81个材料划分为另外一个类群,定为A类群;在遗传相似系数0.612处,A类群被划分为2个亚类群,‘崖城03-191’独成一类,其余80个材料划分为另外一个亚类群。本研究基于SSR分子标记技术,揭示了含斑茅血缘的甘蔗回交后代的遗传多样性,为含斑茅血缘的甘蔗回交后代的杂交利用提供了一定的参考依据。     

豇豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP和SSR分析

为从分子水平上揭示豇豆种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质资源搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础,利用SRAP和SSR分子标记对41 份来自中国和马来西亚的豇豆种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从65 对SRAP引物和10 对SSR引物中分别筛选获得稳定清晰且多态性强的31 对SRAP引物和5 对SSR引物,对41 份栽培豇豆资源的DNA进行SRAP-PCR和SSR-PCR扩增。2 种PCR扩增共获230 条扩增条带,其中SRAP检测到196 条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数为6.3 条,多态性 片段为161 条,多态性比例为82.14%;SSR检测到34 条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数6.8 条,多肽性片段为25 条,多态性比例为73.53%,表明本研究搜集的豇豆种质间的遗传多样性比较丰富。基于SRAP 和SSR 标记的结果,利用UPGMA 构建了41 份豇豆资源的聚类树状图,其遗传相似系数为0.1667~0.9516,大多在0.674 以上。结果表明,SRAP和SSR分子标记能有效地将41 份豇豆资源分开,且部分种质间的遗传距离较远,这为豇豆资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。     

基于ISSR标记的龙眼种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析

为明确收集的龙眼种质资源遗传多样性水平和亲缘关系,以20份龙眼种质资源为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。11条引物共扩增出113条DNA片段,其中多态性片段90条,占总扩增片段数的79.65%。供试龙眼材料的遗传相似系数介于0.5487~0.8673之间,平均遗传相似系数0.7758。20份龙眼资源材料的ISSR聚类结果表明,供试龙眼材料间的亲缘关系较近,聚类结果受亲本关系影响,一定程度上反映了品种的地理分布情况,与传统分类方法较为一致。研究结果为龙眼种质资源的分类、遗传进化研究及杂交组合选配提供一定的理论和技术支持。     

四川省2005-2006年区试小麦品种(系)的SSR遗传多样性

为明确四川近年来普通小麦的遗传差异情况,本研究采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对四川省2005～2006年参加区试的66个小麦品系进行了遗传多样性研究,用18对扩增谱带稳定的SSR引物,共检测到106个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数为2～13个,平均5.89个.SSR引物的PIC介于0.22～0.91之间,平均多态性信息0.498.聚类分析表明,品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变异范围为0.390～0.834,平均值为0.608,品种间遗传相似性变幅较大,表明这次小麦区试品种(系)间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异.根据品种间遗传相似系数聚类,66份材料被聚成五类.     

山东省不同年代栽培大豆SSR标记遗传多样性分析

从分子水平探讨山东省大豆种质资源遗传多样性,为山东大豆今后的大豆育种和遗传改良奠定基础;对山东省36份不同年代材料进行SSR标记,计算遗传相似系数,并对供试品种进行UPGMA聚类分析;20对SSR引物共扩增出138个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出6.9个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.66～0.97,总体平均值为0.78;相似系数大,品种间遗传差异较小.利用SSR标记的数据结果,对供试品种进行聚类分析,东解1号单独聚为一类,其他品种聚成2个类群,聚类结果表明其多样性与地理来源及系谱关系相关联,但从年代上并没有很好的划分.对山东大豆的多样性分析也有必要采取多种方法对其进行综合有效的鉴定.     

国内外陆地棉品种资源的亲缘关系和遗传多态性研究

 应用SSR分子标记对国内外74份棉花种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析,从2278条SSR引物中筛选出82条引物,这82条引物共扩增出个435条带,其中多态性带313个,多态率达83.70%,平均每条引物扩增出3.81个条带。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,74份材料的相似性系数(GS)变化范围在0.371～0.958。其中国内品种遗传相似系数变化范围在0.684～0.916,平均遗传相似系数大小顺序为：长江流域棉区品种>特早熟棉区品种>短季棉品种>黄河流域棉区品种>新疆品种。国外品种遗传相似系数变化范围为0.661～0.958,平均遗传相似系数大小顺序为：乌兹别克斯坦品种>法国品种>墨西哥和前苏联品种>美国和巴基斯坦品种>乌干达品种>印度品种>澳大利亚品种。聚类图0.760阈值处可以把国内外品种聚为两类,26个国内品种和1个国外品种被聚为国内品种类,包括3个亚类。绝大多数国外品种为一类,包括4个亚类。本研究结果表明,SSR具有丰富遗传多样性和稳定性,是一种较好的遗传分子标记,适宜于棉花品种遗传多样性分析。     

用SSR标记分析‘赞皇大枣’遗传变异

研究旨在从分子水平揭示‘赞皇大枣’的遗传变异,以期为‘赞皇大枣’新品种选育提供有效的理论基础。利用SSR标记对395份‘赞皇大枣’样品进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经毛细管电泳技术检测,通过分析样品的指纹图谱数据,来评价样品间的遗传关系。16对SSR标记共扩增出51个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2~9不等,平均每位点3.2个。产物片段大小范围为104~304 bp。稀有等位基因为16个,多态位点百分率为75%。395份样品中共得到28种两两相异的‘赞皇大枣’指纹图谱数据,即28种不同的基因型。对28种基因型进行聚类分析的结果表明,它们的遗传相似系数在0.7500~0.9804之间,平均值为0.9047。在遗传相似系数0.90处这些基因型被划分为5个类群。结果表明,‘赞皇大枣’群体内存在较丰富的的遗传变异,还有较大的选育出新品种的潜力。     

Genetic relationships among Iranian and exotic safflower using microsatellite markers

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is mainly grown as an oil seed crop in the semiarid and temperate regions of the world. In this study, microsatellite markers were used to evaluate and characterize genetic relationships among 20 safflower genotypes including six Iranian and 14 exotic ones. Nine primer pairs generated clear scoring bands and yielded 22 alleles ranging from 100 to 400 bp with 2-4 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.11 to 0.62 with an average of 0.33. The Dice similarity coefficients among the genotypes ranged from 0.06 (between Soviet Union 2 and USA) to 0.95 (between Local Isfahan and Indian 2), indicating a relatively high genetic variation among the safflower genotypes studied. Both cluster and principal components analysis (PCA) clearly classified safflower genotypes into four groups. Results indicated that in most cases safflower genotypes were divided into the groups consistent with their country of origin. Clustering some foreign genotypes into the Iranian group was due to their similar genetic basis and it was suggested that Iran may be the origin of these. The findings suggested that microsatellite markers could be efficiently utilized to assess genetic diversity and relationships among safflower genotypes.     

贵州省甘蔗审定品种及区试材料的SSR-CE/FD分析

旨在保护贵州育种单位知识产权,指导当地甘蔗杂交育种亲本组合的制定。采用SSR标记和毛细管电泳/荧光检测技术相结合(SSR-CE/FD)的技术,对12个贵州甘蔗材料进行基因型分析,利用NTsys软件进行数据处理。21对多态性高的SSR引物共获得131条扩增带,多态性条带比例为90.1%,平均每对引物产生6.2个条带。其中11个条带为7个品种(系)中某一品种(系)的特征条带;利用这些特征条带可以迅速将该7个品种(系)的中某一品种(系)与其他材料区分开。引物SMC31CUQ多态性条带比例为100%,且可以将12个甘蔗材料完全区分开,是分辨率最高的引物。UPGMA聚类分析表明12个甘蔗无性系间的遗传相似系数变异范围为0.64~0.92。本研究成功构建了贵州3个审定品种和9个区试材料基于131个SSR条带的指纹图谱,12个甘蔗无性系之间遗传基础较为狭窄,育种工作中应选用遗传背景差异大的甘蔗亲本,从而拓宽贵州甘蔗品种(系)的遗传基础。     

118份甘蔗种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

采用AFLP标记技术,对来自中国、澳大利亚、美国、菲律宾、巴西和法国的118份甘蔗种质进行遗传多样性分析。采用10对引物组合共扩增出1310条谱带,其中多态性条带为1195条,多态性条带比率为91.2%。118份种质间的相似性系数在0.583~0.929之间,平均为0.750,多态信息量为0.2332,每个位点的有效等位基因数为1.3789。结果显示在相似性系数0.69处切割时,可划分为2个类群,第I类群包括粤糖00-236、云蔗04-622和SP80-1816;第II类群有115份种质,在相似性系数0.74处切割时,可将第II类群划分为5个亚群。各国甘蔗种质亲缘关系较近,其中美国种质遗传多样性相对较丰富。     

花椰菜种质资源遗传多样性SRAP标记分析

为了从分子水平上揭示花椰菜种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础。本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术对24份花椰菜种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从30个引物组合中筛选得到23对多态性引物组合,共检测到257条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数从5到20不等。其中多态性片段为185条,多态性比例为71.98%,表明花椰菜种质间具有相对丰富的遗传多样性。相似系数分析表明种质间遗传相似系数为0.5491~0.9626,平均为0.7490。SRAP分子标记聚类分析结果显示来源和地域可作为花椰菜种质聚类的农性状之一。     

Independent target region amplification polymorphism and single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker utility in genetic evaluation of sugarcane genotypes

The independent target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker s were used for genetic evaluation of different selected 47 sugarcane genotypes. A total of 23 pairs of TRAP markers generated 925 alleles, of which 74% alleles were polymorphic. Polymorphism was generally high (>50%), ranging from 54 to 98%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values 0.20 varied among the primer combination ranging from 0.17 in SAI + Arbi 2 to 0.31 in GL 2+ Arbi 1 with an average of 0.24. However, the Pearson correlation between PIC and power of discrimination (PD) was found to be less significant. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were used first time for the assessment of genetic diversity among different species of Saccharum and cultivated sugarcane varieties. The SNPs were detected from 454 sequencing. A total of 245 SNP markers were assayed across the 47 genotypes, and 167 SNPs were found to be polymorphic. The PIC values ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 with an average of 0.21, and their respective PD varied from 0.58 to 0.04 with an average value of 0.31. The obtained results relatively significant were compared with the other marker systems through genetic similarity and the clusters formed in different unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering dendrogram. The clustering analysis established genetic relationship in the order of Erianthus > Sclerostachya > Narenga > Saccharum spontaneum > S. robustum > S. barberi > S. officinarum/cultivars. These results ratify TRAP and SNP marker systems for assessing genetic diversity studies, and more diversified Erianthus spp. can contribute substantially towards sugarcane varietal improvement through breeding with Saccharum spp. or hybrid cultivars.     

Molecular diversity and population structure of the Ethiopian lentil (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lens Culinaris</Emphasis> Medikus) genotype assessment using SSR markers

Knowledge of genetic diversity in germplasm is essential for formulating effective germplasm collection, conservation, utilization strategies in and crop improvement programs. It also provides an opportunity to take corrective steps infusing new genes to avoid risks associated with a narrow genetic bases. Genetic diversity analysis of 119 lentil genotypes of including 83 germplasm and 36 exotic genotypes from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas was studied using 27 primers of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. Molecular analysis of variance showed variations of 82% within and 18% of the among population variance was explained. Degree of polymorphism observed among the populations was 100%. A total 122 alleles were detected, with 2 to 7 alleles per locus, with a mean of 4.52 alleles per locus. The estimated gene diversity value for 27 loci was 0.64. The average Shannon’s information index value of 1.19 was obtained showed the existence of high genetic variation within the genotypes. The genetic similarity indices ranged from 0.21 to 1.00. The SSR markers showed an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.58. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five major clusters as distinct genetic populations. Diversity analyses revealed the existence of a high level of genetic variation among genotypes. This molecular diversity information provides a basis for future germplasm collection, utilization, and conservation strategies in gene banks and introducing exotic germplasm to widen the genetic base of the current lentil breeding population.     

利用SSR标记分析栽培种花生多态性及亲缘关系

利用11对SSR引物对24个花生栽培品种（包括四大类型）进行PCR扩增分析，其中4对检测到明显的多态性，共检测到33个等位基因变异，每一个位点上检测到的等位变异数为5～13个，平均为8.25个。根据扩增结果可以将24个品种中的21个相互区分。供试品种间的遗传相似系数值在0.2～1.0之间，平均为0.4788。根据UPGMA聚类分析结果,供试     

Genetic variation in mutants of black gram (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna mungo</Emphasis> (L.) Hepper) evaluated by RAPD markers

Genetic variation among four mutants with parent of black gram (high seed protein, tall, bushy, and dwarf mutants) was investigated. The mutants were generated with physical gamma rays and chemical ethyl methane sulphonate. These mutants had some advantages like high protein content, lodging resistance, and high seed yield compared with parent cultivars (cvs.). The objective of the present investigation is to find genetic variation in mutants of black gram with their parents. The genetic variation was evaluated with 20 random primers, generated total 202 fragments scored with 58 polymorphic alleles, and the average was 10.1 alleles per locus and a range of 1–9 alleles. The average polymorphic rates were 38.37 among the mutants and parents through the 20 primers. Primers OPA-14 and OPI-04 revealed 35% of DNA polymorphism in this investigation. The genetic distance (GD) among the genotypes was 0.19 suggesting a significant degree of genetic diversity. The five genotypes were used to construct a dendrogram based on the similarity matrix, revealing a genetic distance varying from 0.600 to 0.725. This variation was due to the mutation induced by gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate. Further research is needed to analyze the sequence and expression of these mutated genes and to develop and improve black gram via genetic engineering to evaluate their use.     

High level of natural variation in a groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm collection assayed by selected informative SSR markers

The ability to identify genetic variation is indispensable for effective management and use of genetic resources in crop breeding. Genetic variation among 189 groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions comprising landraces, cultivars, a mutant, advanced breeding lines and others (unknown genetic background) representing 29 countries and 10 geographical regions was assessed at 25 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat loci. A high number of alleles (265) were detected in the range of 3 (Ah1TC6G09) to 20 (Ah1TC11H06) with an average of 10.6 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content value at these loci varied from 0.38 (Ah1TC6G09) to 0.88 (Ah1TC11H06) with an average of 0.70. A total of 59 unique alleles and 127 rare alleles were detected at almost all the loci assayed. Cluster analysis grouped 189 accessions into four clusters. In general, genotypes of South America and South Asia showed high level of diversity. Extraordinary level of natural genetic variation reported here provides opportunities to the groundnut community to make better decisions and define suitable strategies for harnessing the genetic variation in groundnut breeding.