中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析

基于 1∶40 0万的《中华人民共和国土壤图》和第二次土壤普查数据 ,运用地理信息系统技术 ,对中国土壤有机碳密度及储量做出估算 ,并且分析了土壤有机碳密度的空间分布差异。结果表明 :10 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 1 19kgm- 2 到 176 46kgm- 2 之间 ,2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 0 2 7kgm- 2 到53 46kgm- 2 之间 ;10 0cm和 2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳储量分别为 84 4Pg (1Pg =10 15 g)和 2 7 4Pg ;土壤有机碳密度具有高度的空间变异性 ,东北地区、青藏高原的东南部、云贵高原等森林、草甸分布的地区有机碳密度最高 ,准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、阿拉善高原与河西走廊、柴达木盆地等沙漠化地区的土壤有机碳密度最低 ;土壤有机碳密度的空间分布主要受气候、植被以及人类活动的影响     

青藏高原东缘乔灌交错带地被物和土壤碳氮储量特征

为揭示青藏高原群落交错带地被物(枯落物和苔藓)和土壤碳、氮过程,以青藏高原东缘典型乔灌交错带云杉针叶林、云杉针叶林—高山柳灌丛交错区(乔灌)和窄叶鲜卑花灌丛3个林型为研究对象,采用野外调查和对地被物、土壤的采样分析,研究了乔灌交错带地被物和土壤有机碳和全氮储量及其分配特征。结果表明:3个林型的地被物有机碳和全氮储量大小顺序为乔灌针叶林灌丛,有机碳大小分别为28.73,19.96,5.31 t/hm~2,全氮储量大小分别为0.96,0.54,0.12 t/hm~2。灌丛0—30 cm土壤有机碳储量(148.37 t/hm~2)显著高于针叶林(118.19 t/hm~2)和乔灌(114.93 t/hm~2),而土壤全氮储量大小顺序则表现为灌丛(19.53 t/hm~2)乔灌(14.60 t/hm~2)针叶林(11.79 t/hm~2),10—20 cm土壤有机碳和全氮储量显著高于0—10 cm和20—30 cm土壤。综合地被物和土壤有机碳和全氮储量,3个林型地表有机碳、全氮储量大小顺序均表现为灌丛乔灌针叶林,0—30 cm土壤有机碳和全氮储量均显著高于地被物,分别占总储量的80.0%～96.5%和93.8%～99.3%。这些研究表明青藏高原东缘高寒灌丛群落扩张将增加地表碳、氮库,有利于生态系统碳、氮固存。     

黄土高原草地土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素

以黄土高原水平方向的4种主要草地类型为研究对象,分析了不同草地类型土壤有机碳(SOC)的分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度的增加而降低,其中0～20 cm土壤有机碳含量与20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm有机碳含量差异显著。4种草地类型土壤有机碳含量分布规律:0～40 cm为高山草甸草原>典型草原>森林草原>荒漠草原,40～100 cm为高山草甸草原>森林草原>典型草原>荒漠草原;4种草地类型中各土层土壤有机碳含量最高的是高寒草甸,其空间变异最大,最小的是荒漠草原,其变异最小。黄土高原上高寒草甸草原、森林草原、典型草原土壤有机碳均集中分布在浅表层0～40 cm,分别占0～100 cm的71%、50%、46%,而荒漠草原各层分布较均匀;黄土高原土壤有机碳含量与海拔高度呈显著正相关(p<0.01);0～40 cm土壤有机碳含量与土壤含水量呈显著正相关(p<0.01);与全氮有极显著的正相关性,相关系数达0.984 3;与年均温呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),几种草地类型100 cm深土壤有机碳含量与年降水量无明显相关。     

藏东南色季拉山西坡不同植被土壤有机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素

  【目的】  藏东南地区高山生态系统有巨大的土壤碳汇潜力，研究其不同生态系统下土壤有机碳 (SOC) 储存的变化特征及其影响因子，有助于深入了解青藏高原土壤碳循环及区域碳源汇平衡。  【方法】  本研究在西藏色季拉山西坡海拔3000～4600 m开展密集土壤采样，研究不同海拔高度下不同植被类型SOC的储存特征，并分析其关键影响因子。  【结果】  表层0—5 cm的SOC含量随海拔升高而增加，4个植被带SOC含量平均值表现为高寒草甸 (8.31% ± 0.77%) > 暗针叶林 (7.20% ± 0.90%) > 高寒灌丛草甸 (6.74% ± 0.80%) > 针阔混交林 (3.88% ± 0.46%)。在剖面5—10、10—15、15—20、20—30、30—40、40—60 cm各层SOC含量随海拔升高呈先增加后降低趋势，SOC含量在4种植被带的平均值表现为暗针叶林 > 高寒灌丛草甸 > 高寒草甸 > 针阔混交林。SOC含量随剖面深度增加而显著下降，高寒草甸和高寒灌丛草甸SOC垂直分布特征为表层聚集型，而针阔混交林和暗针叶林SOC垂直分布特征为普通递减型。剖面0—20、20—40、40—60 cm的SOC储量随海拔升高呈先增加后降低的特征。在表层0—20 cm高寒草甸SOC储量最高 (C 95.66 ± 4.81 t/hm2)；在剖面20—40和40—60 cm暗针叶林SOC储量最高，且其在整个0—60 cm剖面的SOC总储量在所有植被类型中最高 (C 199.14 ± 11.10 t/hm2)；针阔混交林SOC储量在剖面各层均为最低，且其在整个剖面的SOC总储量 (C 111.45 ± 10.30 t/hm2) 显著低于其他植被类型。剖面各层SOC储量与年平均温度、凋落物碳氮比呈显著负相关，而与海拔高度、年平均降水量和土壤含水量呈显著正相关。逐步回归显示土壤含水量是影响剖面各层以及整个剖面SOC储存的关键因子。随机森林模型对SOC储存的解释度为50.32%～65.82%，土壤含水量对表层土体SOC预测的相对贡献最高，年平均温度、年平均降水量和凋落物质量对各层SOC预测均有显著贡献，而植被类型对SOC预测的相对贡献随剖面加深而逐步增加。  【结论】  色季拉山西坡不同海拔高度下SOC的储存特征随不同植被类型和剖面深度而发生显著变化，环境因子(如土壤水分) 对表层土体SOC储存有关键影响，植被类型对深层土体SOC储量变化的预测有重要贡献。     

典型岩溶区不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳储量及其矿化速率的影响

选取桂林市毛村典型岩溶区林地、灌丛、旱地和果园4种土地利用方式下的土壤,对土壤有机碳库、矿化速率、土壤有机碳累积矿化量进行研究。研究表明,不同土地利用方式的土壤有机碳含量不同,地表以下0—20cm土壤中有机碳含量大小依次为：森林〉灌丛〉旱地〉果园;20—40cm土壤有机碳含量大小依次为：森林〉旱地〉灌丛〉果园;40—60cm土壤有机碳含量大小依次为：旱地〉灌丛〉果园。土壤培养试验的结果显示土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量大小依次为：森林〉灌丛〉旱地〉果园。     

粤东北山区几种森林土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分配特征

研究了粤东北山区的天然常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、马尾松针叶林和桉树人工林等4种主要森林类型土壤有机碳储量及其分配特征.结果表明:(1)4种林分土壤有机碳平均含量在8.14～12.24 g/kg之间,常绿阔叶林最高,其次为针阔混交林.桉树人工林最小.土壤有机碳含量随深度增加而递减.但植被类型不同其减少程度不同.其中阔叶林变化幅度最大达72.04%.土壤有机碳表聚性明显.(2)4种林分土壤碳密度存在显著差异,其各土层变化范围为1.57～5.18 kg/m~2.土壤碳密度亦随深度增加而减少,自然地带性植被类型各个土层土壤碳密度均高于次生植被类型对应的碳密度.对于整个土层而言,各林分土壤碳密度在12.28～15.90 kg/m~2之间,总平均值为14.14 kg/m~2.(3)4种林分土壤碳储量整体较低,平均值为141.43 t/hm~2,表层土壤碳储量贡献不大.人为干扰活动对研究区森林土壤碳储量影响明显,是制约土壤碳储量大小的重要因素.     

缙云山4种林分土壤植硅体碳分布特征

森林生态系统中丰富的植硅体可以将部分有机碳封存于土壤中,形成稳定的碳库,对全球碳平衡起到重要作用。以重庆市缙云山的竹林、阔叶林、针叶林和针阔叶混交林4种亚热带森林植被为研究对象,研究不同林分下土壤植硅体及植硅体碳在0～20、20～40、40～60和60～100 cm土壤剖面上的分布规律。结果表明,整个土壤剖面(0～100 cm)上,不同林分下竹林土壤有机碳含量和储量、土壤植硅体和植硅体碳含量及植硅体碳储量均最高,显著高于其他3种林分(P0.05)。4种林分下有机碳和植硅体碳含量呈现一定的表层(0～20 cm)富集现象,并呈现随土层深度增加含量减少的趋势。相关性分析发现,植硅体和植硅体中的有机碳存在显著的负相关关系(P0.05),而与植硅体碳存在极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。缙云山4种林分中,竹林土壤有机碳含量、储量,植硅体、植硅体碳含量、储量均为最高,是较好的富碳森林类型。     

缙云山5种植被下土壤活性有机碳及碳库变化特征

为揭示重庆市缙云山不同植被下土壤活性有机碳及碳库分配特征，以该地区5种植被类型：阔叶林、针叶林、混交林、竹林和荒草地为研究对象，分析不同植被类型下各土壤层次中有机碳（Soil organic carbon, SOC）、微生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon，MBC)、可溶性有机碳(Dissolved organic carbon，DOC)、易氧化有机碳(Readily oxidized organic carbon，ROC)含量及其土壤碳库的变化特征。结果表明：土壤有机碳和各活性有机碳组分含量及分配比例受到植被类型和土层深度的明显影响。土壤有机碳的平均含量在0~100 cm土层表现为竹林（16.74 g/kg）>阔叶林（12.62 g/kg）>草地(11.14 g/kg)>混交林（8.16 g/kg）>针叶林（5.98 g/kg），并随土层深度的增加而减小。竹林和阔叶林的微生物量碳和易氧化有机碳含量均明显高于混交林和针叶林，各植被在剖面上均表现出垂直递减规律，表现出明显的表聚效应。除草地，4种植被的土壤碳库管理指数随土层深度的加深而减小，均表现为表层(0~20 cm土层)最高。不同植被类型间，竹林的可溶性有机碳分配比例在各土壤层次均最小，整个土壤剖面均值仅为0.1%。由相关性分析可知，微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、土壤总有机碳含量和土壤有机碳储量有着极其显著的相关性。因此，土壤微生物量碳和易氧化有机碳可以作为衡量亚缙云山森林不同植被土壤有机碳库变化的敏感性指标。     

艾比湖湿地七种植被类型土壤全氮分布特征研究

选择艾比湖湿地为研究区域,针对土壤中的氮进行定量测定,讨论研究区土壤全氮的含量、密度和储量及其分布特征。结果表明:艾比湖7种不同植被覆盖类型的土壤全氮含量整体偏低;土壤全氮含量均随土深度的增加而依次减少;土壤全氮含量的差异主要表现在表土层(0~20 cm)。全氮蓄积量排序依次为盐化草甸灌木荒漠小乔木荒漠寒湿性针叶林干涸湖底荒漠河岸林盐生灌丛。七种不同类型土壤类型的全氮总储量为4691903 kg。上述结果可为当地的环境保护及生态修复提供科学参考。     

纳帕海高原湿地土壤有机碳密度及碳储量特征

选取纳帕海典型沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸为研究对象,研究纳帕海湿地土壤有机碳密度及碳储量特征。结果表明:沼泽和沼泽化草甸土壤剖面有机碳含量明显高于草甸土壤;沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤剖面有机碳密度与有机碳含量变化趋势基本一致,沼泽和沼泽化草甸土壤剖面有机碳密度均在30kg/m3以上,草甸土壤0-40cm有机碳密度高于30kg/m3,40cm以下有机碳密度均低于30kg/m3;沼泽、沼泽化草甸和草甸土壤储碳层厚度分别为60,80,20cm,1m深度以内有机碳储量分别为393.53,458.81,305.78t/hm2。     

基于土壤剖面测定数据计算中国土壤有机碳贮量

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage under different types of vegetations in China were estimated using measured data of 2 440 soil profiles to compare SOC density distribution between different estimates, to map the soil organic carbon stocks under different types of vegetation in China, and to analyze the relationships between soil organic carbon stocks and environmental variables using stepwise regression analyses. Soil organic carbon storage in China was estimated at 69.38 Gt (1015 g). There was a big difference in SOC densities for various vegetation types, with SOC distribution closely related to climatic patterns in general. Stepwise regression analyses of SOC against environmental variables showed that SOC generally increased with increasing precipitation and elevation, while it decreased with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the important factor controlling SOC accumulation for forests was elevation, while for temperate steppes mean annual temperature dominated. The more specific the vegetation type used in the regression analysis, the greater was the effect of environmental variables on SOC. However, compared to native vegetation, cultivation activities in the croplands reduced the influence of environmental variables on SOC.     

不同状态高寒草原主要土壤活性有机碳组分的变化

对藏北高原正常、轻度和严重退化高寒草原表层(0 ～ 10 cm)、亚表层(10～20 cm)活性有机碳(Active soil organic carbon,ASOC)主要组分变化,以及土壤微生物对ASOC的影响进行了研究,结果表明:(1)易氧化有机碳(Readily oxidizable organic carbon,ROC)、微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)、轻组有机碳(Light fraction organic carbon,LFOC)和水溶性有机碳(Water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)对土壤环境变化的敏感度显著不同,平均分配比率分别为11.10％、0.57％、0.04％和0.03％,高原寒旱环境对WSOC、LFOC的形成与积累极为不利.(2)不同状态高寒草原亚表层ASOC各组分含量均显著高于表层;与正常草原ASOC各组分含量相比,退化草原表层、亚表层分呈小幅增加和大幅下降,但轻度退化草原变化幅度大于严重退化草原;因此,0～20 cm土层ASOC各组分含量均呈正常草原＞严重退化草原＞轻度退化草原.(3)不同状态草原中,纤维素分解酶活性对ASOC组分的形成均具极显著(R2:0.731 ～0.960)的促进作用,土壤放线菌、真菌对纤维素分解酶活性(Cellulolytic enzyme activity,CEA)则具有较大影响.(4)草原严重退化阶段,土壤微生物可能已完成向抗逆能力、纤维素分解酶分泌能力更强生理种群的演替,其相对较高的SOC、ASOC含量表征着土壤有机残体的较大消耗.     

Organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in reed meadow soils converted to alfalfa fields

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen are key elements of sustainable agriculture. Converting forest land and grassland to arable land is known to decrease the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas converting land under annual crops into perennial grasslands has the potential to increase organic C and N sequestration, an assumption tested in this study. Compared to the levels in reed meadows, SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in the top layer of 2489 Mg soil ha⁻¹ (about 0–15 cm depth) significantly increased 3 years after the conversion, despite a slight decrease numerically in the first year following the conversion. And the mass of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), total extractable carbon (TEC), humic acid carbon (HAC), and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) stocks all decreased significantly in the first year in the top layer but recovered after 3 years. In the deeper layer of 2549 Mg soil ha⁻¹ (about 15–30 cm depth), however, the levels of SOC and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) stocks began increasing from the first year itself. During the period of 1–10 years after the conversion, the degree of humification rate (HR) for the deeper layer were consistent, averaging 30%, whereas the same parameters in the top layer stabilized after 3 years at 33%. After 10 years of conversion, the soil recorded higher levels of SOC and TN stocks, used as indicators in this study, than those that had prevailed in the reed meadows, demonstrating the positive combined effects of the conversion on the retention of atmospheric C-CO₂ in the soil. This study suggests that proper management of alfalfa fields can maintain or even improve chemical and physical quality of converted reed meadows soils.     

Carbon stocks of soil and vegetation on Danubian floodplains

Riparian forests are assumed to play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. However, little data are available on C stocks of floodplains in comparison to other terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we quantified the C stocks of aboveground biomass and soils of riparian vegetation types at 76 sampling sites in the Donau‐Auen National Park in Austria. Based on our results and a remotely sensed vegetation map, we estimated total C stocks. Carbon stocks in soils (up to 354 t ha^–1 within 1 m below surface) were huge compared to other terrestrial ecosystems. As expected, soils of different vegetation types showed different texture with a higher percentage of sandy soils at the softwood sites, while loamy soils prevailed at hardwood sites. Total C stocks of vegetation types were significantly different, but reflect differences in woody plant biomass rather than in soil C stocks. Mature hardwood and cottonwood forests proved to have significantly higher total C stocks (474 and 403 t ha^–1, respectively) than young reforestations (217 t ha^–1) and meadows (212 t ha^–1). The C pools of softwood forests (356 t ha^–1) ranged between those of hardwood/cottonwood forests and of reforestations/meadows. Our study proves the relevance of floodplains as possible C sinks, which should be increasingly taken into account for river management. Furthermore, we conclude that plant‐species distribution does not indicate the conditions of sedimentation and soil C sequestration over the time span of interest for the development of soil C stocks.     

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon sequestration at multiple scales in semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by vegetation restoration is the theme of much current research. Since 1999, the program of “Grain for Green”has been implemented in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Its scope represents the largest vegetation restoration activity in China. However, it is still unclear for the SOC sequestration effects of vegetation cover change or natural succession promoted by the revegetation efforts at different scales under the semi-arid conditions. In this study, the changes in SOC stocks due to the vegetation restoration in the middle of Loess Plateau were estimated at patch, hill slope transect and small watershed scale from 1998 to 2006. Soil samples were taken from field for the determination of cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) and SOC contents. Vegetation cover change from 1998 to 2006 at the small watershed scale was assessed using Geographic Information System. The results showed that cropland transforming to grassland or shrubland significantly increased SOC at patch scale. Immature woodland, however, has no significant effect. When vegetation cover has no transformation for mature woodland (25 years old), SOC has no significant increase implying that SOC has come to a stable level. At hill slope scale, three typical vegetation cover patterns showed different SOC sequestration effects of 8.6%, 24.6%, and 21.4% from 1998 to 2006, and these SOC increases mainly resulted from revegetation. At the small watershed scale, SOC stocks increased by 19% in the surface soil layer at 0–20 cm soil depth from 1998 to 2006, which was equivalent to an average SOC sequestration rate of 19.92 t C y^− 1 km^− 2. Meanwhile, SOC contents showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) with the ¹³⁷Cs inventory at every soil depth interval. This implied significant negative impacts of soil erosion on SOC sequestration. The results have demonstrated general positive effects of vegetation restoration on SOC sequestration at multiple scales. However, soil erosion under rugged topography modified the spatial distribution of the SOC sequestration effects. Therefore, vegetation restoration was proved to be a significant carbon sink, whereas, erosion could be a carbon source in high erosion sensitive regions. This research can contribute to the performance assessment of ecological rehabilitation projects such as “Grain to Green” and the scientific understanding of the impacts of vegetation restoration and soil erosion on soil carbon dynamics in semi-arid environments.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区红砂灌丛土壤种子库及其自然更新潜力评估

[目的]对黄土丘陵沟壑区红砂灌丛植被土壤种子库的特征及红砂灌丛植被自然更新潜力进行分析和评估,以说明红砂灌丛土壤种子库在植被恢复与重建中的重要作用。[方法]采用土壤种子库"萌发法"(每个地段10个2m×2m样方内分表土层0—2cm和2—5cm土层采集土样)及野外植被调查方法,对黄土丘陵沟壑不同坡位红砂灌丛土壤种子库进行研究。[结果]黄土丘陵沟壑区红砂灌丛植被土壤种子库发芽试验共观察到的4 251株幼苗,分属于9个物种。土壤种子库密度在100~1 000粒/m2,物种数在0.8~1.2种/0.01m2,下坡段的土壤种子库平均种子密度和平均物种数均比上坡段高。3个坡段的2个层次的平均种子密度和平均物种数均随土层加深而减小。3个坡段土壤种子库和地上植被的组成物种多为草本植物和红砂灌丛,地上植被与其土壤种子库的密度及物种数均呈不显著相关;物种组成的Sorensen相似性指数较高,均达到0.60以上,且土壤种子库比地上植被具有更高的物种丰富度。[结论]黄土丘陵沟壑区红砂灌丛具有依靠土壤种子库实现自然更新的潜力,但由于物种组成种类较少,现存灌丛植被一旦遭到破坏,仅靠土壤种子库恢复现存植被是困难的,需要在对自然恢复潜力评估的基础上,积极采取人工保护促进自然恢复的策略。     

喀斯特森林植被自然恢复过程中土壤有机碳库特征演化

采用空间代替时间的方法,研究了茂兰喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中土壤有机碳库特征,结果表明:土壤容重(0～10 cm土层0.94～1.15 g cm-3,＞30 cm土层0.98～1.19 g cm-3)、石砾含量(0～10 cm土层19.93 ～26.61％,＞30 cm土层20.36 ～32.11％)随恢复进展而减少,随土层加深而增加;土壤容积(0～10 cm土层20.13 ～22.02 m3,＞30 cm土层4.16～6.87 m3)、有机碳含量(0 ～10 cm土层21.14 ～52.67 g kg-1,＞ 30 cm土层11.15 ～25.93 g kg-1)、有机碳密度[(0 ～ 10 cm土层1.91 ～4.03 kg m-2,＞ 30 cm土层0.39～1.96 kgm-2)、有机碳储量(900 m2样地0 ～ 10 cm土层0.538 ～0.883 t,＞30 cm土层0.039 ～0.137 t)、易氧化碳含量(0～10 cm土层5.28 ～33.25 g kg-1,＞ 30 cm土层5.98 ～ 14.13 g kg-1)均随恢复进展而增加,随土层加深而减少;随恢复进展0 ～ 20 cm土层有机碳稳定性增强、活性降低,＞20 cm土层则相反;随土层加深有机碳稳定性增强、活性降低;土壤有机碳随恢复进展总体上具碳汇效应,且早期其量少质低、表聚性强、碳汇效应不显著、固碳潜力大,后期则相反.加强保护喀斯特森林,使其自然恢复,有利于土壤质量的提高和有机碳的累积.     

不同植被类型对不同土层黑土土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

土壤微生物群落功能多样性对评估土壤生态系统稳定性具有重要作用.本文采用Biolog方法,对比研究长期不同植被类型:自然恢复(GL)、农作物(AL)、人工林(FL)及无植被覆盖(BL)对表层(0～15 cm)和亚表层(15～35 cm)土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.结果表明:不同土层土壤微生物的平均颜色变化率(AWCD...     

Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation in Abandoned Croplands on the Loess Plateau

The Grain to Green Program in China which began in 1999 led to the conversion of 0.64 million ha of cropland to grassland on steep sloping landscapes. However, the pattern of natural vegetation succession following cropland has not been well represented in previous regional syntheses of land use change effects on soil organic carbon (SOC). A chronosequence study focusing on the vegetation succession and soil carbon stocks was conducted in the center of the Loess Plateau. The chronosequence included fields of 0, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 and 25 years of self‐restoration after cropland abandonment, as well as a natural grassland reference. Plant coverage, species richness and plant biomass increased significantly with time of cropland abandonment. Over time, the species composition more nearly resembled a natural grasslands community. Cropland abandonment replenished SOC stocks by 3.6 kg C m⁻² during the 25‐year self‐restoration, but the SOC accumulation was restricted to the upper soil profiles (0–60 cm). SOC accumulation rate was 88 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ in 0–30 cm and 55 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ in 30–60 cm soil depth, respectively. These carbon stocks were still significantly lower than those found in the natural grassland soil. Our results suggest that the recovery of plant communities and SOC stocks appears to be slow in this semiarid environment without revegetation effort along with appropriate field management, although the post‐agricultural soils have a high potential for carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南方红壤严重侵蚀地不同恢复年限马尾松人工林生态系统碳储量特征

[目的]研究南方红壤侵蚀地不同恢复年限植被生态系统碳库储量,为该地区马尾松人工林制定合理的森林经营方式提供理论支持。[方法]以福建省长汀县河田镇裸地、不同恢复年限(10,20,30a生)马尾松人工林和天然次生林为研究对象,测定不同恢复阶段林地植被和土壤碳库储量。[结果]马尾松人工林植被恢复能够显著提高植被和土壤碳库储量。10a,20a,30a生马尾松人工林与裸地相比生态系统碳库储量分别增加2.80,3.54,8.56倍,但依然低于天然次生林;马尾松人工林植被恢复能够显著提高表层(0—10cm)土壤碳库储量,而对深层土壤碳库储量影响不显著;不同恢复阶段植被和土壤碳库增加速率不同,呈现非线性增加。[结论]南方红壤严重侵蚀地植被恢复能够增加生态系统碳库储量,但该地区土壤碳库的恢复是长期的缓慢过程。今后应加强南方红壤地区森林植被的保护,避免植被过度干扰和破坏而引起严重土壤侵蚀。