干旱处理对不同玉米品种叶片光合速率和抗氧化特性及产量的影响

玉米是对干旱比较敏感的粮食作物,不同品种应对干旱胁迫的能力存在差异。以6个普通玉米品种为材料,在北京市郊区大田条件下,采用裂区设计,以灌溉处理为对照,分析干旱处理对不同玉米品种叶片光合速率（P_n）和抗氧化特性及产量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱处理下不同品种玉米P_n降低幅度为京农科728（15.63%）相似文献   

基于超星学习通的混合式教学模式应用研究——以发酵工程课程为例

为了提高发酵工程课程的教学质量和教学效果,针对发酵工程课程的内容和特点,将互联网+技术与教学相结合,进行了基于超星学习通平台的混合式线上线下教学方式的改革,结果表明:在增强了学生自主学习能力的同时,也促进了教师的自我提升。     

无人机农林业应用全球研究态势分析

无人机具有作业效率高、地形适应性好等独特优势，近年在农林业中应用范围不断扩大，相关研究成果数量呈快速上升式发展。为掌握无人机农林应用全球研究态势，本研究采集2011—2020年期间Web of Science 核心合集数据库中无人机农林应用全球研究相关文献数据，利用VOSviewer等统计软件对文献进行科学计量分析。分析结果表明，自2017年开始，无人机农林业应用研究发文数量快速增加，全球已有94个国家/地区、1778个机构开展了研究；发文量排名前三位的国家依次是美国、中国和澳大利亚，表明这三个国家从事无人机农林业应用的科研实力强，学术影响力大；共有398种期刊发表了有关无人机农林业应用研究文章，约占全部收录期刊的1.90%，说明更多的期刊开始关注无人机农林业应用研究；发文最多的期刊是由MDPI主办的Remote Sensing；被引次数最多的文章内容主要是关注无人机系统在摄影测量和遥感上的传感、导航、定位和通用数据处理等的研究现状。此外，对无人机农林业应用研究热点进行分析发现，无人机施药、无人机病虫害遥感、植物表型获取是无人机农林业应用的主要研究热点。本研究可为无人机在农林业上的创新研究、科研团队之间的合作提供参考。     

Effects of soil drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange traits and chlorophyll fluorescence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Forsythia suspensa</Emphasis>

To clarify the changes in plant photosynthesis and mechanisms underlying those responses to gradually increasing soil drought stress and reveal quantitative relationships between photosynthesis and soil moisture, soil water conditions were controlled in greenhouse pot experiments using 2-year-old seedlings of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. Photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence variables were measured and analyzed under 13 gradients of soil water content. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), and water-use efficiency (W _UE) in the seedlings exhibited a clear threshold response to the relative soil water content (R _SWC). The highest P _N and W _UE occurred at R _SWC of 51.84 and 64.10%, respectively. Both P _N and W _UE were higher than the average levels at 39.79% ≤ R _SWC ≤ 73.04%. When R _SWC decreased from 51.84 to 37.52%, P _N, g _s, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) markedly decreased with increasing drought stress; the corresponding stomatal limitation (L _s) substantially increased, and nonphotochemical quenching (N _PQ) also tended to increase, indicating that within this range of soil water content, excessive excitation energy was dispersed from photosystem II (PSII) in the form of heat, and the reduction in P _N was primarily due to stomatal limitation. While R _SWC decreased below 37.52%, there were significant decreases in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F _v/F _m) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (q _P), and N _PQ; in contrast, minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state (F ₀) increased markedly. Thus, the major limiting factor for the P _N reduction changed to a nonstomatal limitation due to PSII damage. Therefore, an R _SWC of 37.52% is the maximum allowable water deficit for the normal growth of seedlings of F. suspensa, and a water content lower than this level should be avoided in field soil water management. Water contents should be maintained in the range of 39.79% ≤ R _SWC ≤ 73.04% to ensure normal function of the photosynthetic apparatus and high levels of photosynthesis and efficiency in F. suspensa.     

风化煤用量下覆膜和AM真菌对玉米生长和土壤微环境的影响

为缓解我国东部贫瘠土壤,以风化煤与覆膜为切入点,通过室内盆栽试验,研究两种覆膜方式(无覆膜和覆薄膜)和两个供试土壤基质(砂土基质和砂煤混合基质)下接种AM真菌对干旱胁迫时玉米生长特性、水分利用效率与土壤性状的影响。结果表明:两个覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质相比砂土基质提高了接种AM真菌处理的玉米根系侵染率和土壤根外菌丝密度,但无明显差异;同时土壤总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素含量分别显著提高了80.0%~106.5%和55.0%~73.3%(P0.05)。同一覆膜方式下,砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌和CK处理的土壤有机碳、全氮与速效磷含量分别显著高于砂土基质下相应处理,但降低了土壤速效钾含量。砂煤混合基质下覆薄膜与接种AM真菌联合对玉米株高、生物量、叶片SPAD值及水分利用效率的促进效果最好;同时砂煤混合基质接种AM真菌处理提高了无覆膜下土壤蔗糖酶和全覆膜下过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶含量,分别比砂土基质下处理显著提高了46.8%~59.8%、37.9%~70.0%与57.8%~87.5%(P0.05)。研究表明施加一定量风化煤时,接种AM真菌和覆薄膜能够促进水分胁迫下的植物生长发育,改善水分利用效率和提高土壤肥力。     

广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略

为了解铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属分布特征及探究污染农田的修复措施,以广西某铅锌矿影响区为研究对象,分别采集影响区自然土壤和农田耕作层土壤样品41个和277个,同时分别采集62个蔬菜和35个粮食样品,分析重金属含量。结果表明,铅锌矿影响区耕作层土壤As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量范围分别为4.50~104.8、0.031~36.26、24.80~2989、16.90~251.6、79.90~11 500和24.0~222.0 mg·kg~(-1);与土壤基线值相比,6种重金属的超标率分别为1.4%、91.7%、60%、60%、60%和0。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)中限值相比,大米样本As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为93%、86%、64%,玉米样本Pb、Cd含量超标率为100%、100%,叶菜类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为50%、100%、60%,根茎类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为23%、100%和100%,瓜果类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为14%、96%和100%。通过分析土壤和农产品重金属超标情况,确定As、Pb、Cd为优先控制的重金属,依据研究区土壤重金属污染空间分布特性,划为3个分区:轻度污染区(Cd污染区),建议采取活化剂+植物萃取去除污染物;中度污染区则采用钝化剂与低积累农作物结合的方式;重度污染区则不宜种植进入食物链的农作物,建议采取施加活化剂与种植超富集植物结合的方式降低土壤重金属含量。     

Jack beans and vetiver grass growth on iron ore tailing sediments from the Doce River dam disaster in Brazil: plant growth regulator effects under different edaphic conditions

Journal of Soils and Sediments - After the greatest environmental disaster in the history of Brazil and the deposition of the iron ore tailings in alluvial regions, the process of revegetation for...     

徽县烤烟新品种适应性研究

为筛选出适宜徽县烟区生态条件的烤烟新品种,在徽县烟区以秦烟96为对照,对2个烤烟品种云烟99、云烟100的生物学性状、抗病性、经济性状、外观质量进行了观察分析。试验结果表明,云烟99经济性状表现最好,产值(51829.93元/hm^2)和均价(22.83元/kg)最高;株型为腰鼓型,主脉稍粗,大田生长势强、整齐一致,分层落黄好,性状稳定,易烘烤,原烟外观质量好;较对照的发病率和病情指数低,抗病性较强。初步确定云烟99适宜在徽县烟区推广种植。