岩溶山区土壤溶解性有机碳对土地利用方式的响应及其与土壤养分的关系

对重庆中梁山不同土地利用方式下的表层（0-30 cm）土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量和分布及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:土地利用方式明显影响了土壤DOC的含量和分布。不同土地利用方式下土壤DOC含量大小顺序为:橘林地（425.77 mg/kg）>菜地（342.97 mg/kg）>耕地（243.25 mg/kg）>灌丛（177.74 mg/kg）>草地（145.06 mg/kg）,土壤DOC占土壤有机碳（SOC）的比例为:橘林地>耕地>菜地>灌丛>草地。土壤DOC垂直分布规律性明显,除橘林地外,其它方式都是随着土层深度的增加而减小。相关分析表明,除了橘林地外,其余利用方式下土壤DOC均与土壤有机碳呈正相关;草地土壤微生物量碳对土壤DOC有很大的贡献,相关性达到极显著水平,其余利用方式均呈负相关。土壤DOC与土壤全氮、水解氮和速效钾相关水平达到极显著,与全磷呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.421,0.375,0.576,0.274,可以作为土壤肥力的变化指标。     

猪粪施用对稻麦轮作体系土壤碳组分含量及动态变化的影响

通过在成都平原开展稻麦轮作大田试验,设置了不施肥(CK)、常规无机化肥(NPK)、猪粪25%+化肥(NKM1)、猪粪50%+化肥(NKM2)、猪粪100%(M3)、猪粪150%(M4)6种施肥处理,探讨猪粪施入对土壤碳组分含量及动态变化特征的影响。结果表明:不同生育期对土壤有机碳及其组分含量的变化影响极显著(P0.01);水稻季不同处理下表层土壤总有机碳(TOC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量均随着生育期的推移呈现出先升高再降低的趋势,20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳及其组分含量显著低于表层土壤,且不同处理之间变化幅度小于表层土壤;小麦季表层TOC含量随作物生育期的推移呈增加的趋势,土壤WSOC和DOC含量在拔节期达到最大值,ROC在分蘖期达到最大值,之后下降并趋于稳定;20~40 cm土层土壤WSOC、DOC和ROC变化趋势与表层土壤基本一致,但变化幅度较小;通过对比分析表明,猪粪施入能显著提高土壤TOC及其活性有机碳含量,水稻季和小麦季TOC、WSOC、DOC和ROC含量均在M4处理下达到最大值,最大值分别为18.49和18.62 g kg-1、88.15和93.56 mg kg-1、40.09和69.74 mg kg-1、2.73和2.29 g kg-1,即从提高土壤有机碳的角度来看,150%猪粪施入处理提升效果最为明显。     

有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮

土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮是土壤碳、氮库中最活跃的组分,是反应土壤被干扰程度的重要灵敏性指标,通过设置相同有机碳施用量下不同有机物料处理的田间试验,研究了有机物料添加下土壤微生物量碳（soil microbial biomass carbon,MBC）、氮（soil microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN）和可溶性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、氮（dissolved organic nitrogen,DON）的变化特征及相互关系。结果表明化肥和生物碳、玉米秸秆、鲜牛粪或松针配施下土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮显著大于不施肥处理（no fertilization,CK）和单施化肥处理,分别比不施肥处理和单施化肥平均高23.52%和12.66%（MBC）、42.68%和24.02%（MBN）、14.70%和9.99%（DOC）、22.32%和21.79%（DON）。化肥和有机物料配施处理中,化肥+鲜牛粪处理的微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮最高,比CK高26.20%（MBC）、49.54%（MBN）、19.29%（DOC）和32.81%（DON）,其次是化肥+生物碳或化肥+玉米秸秆处理,而化肥+松针处理最低。土壤可溶性有机碳质量分数（308.87 mg/kg）小于微生物量碳（474.71 mg/kg）,而可溶性有机氮质量分数（53.07 mg/kg）要大于微生物量氮（34.79 mg/kg）。与不施肥处理相比,化肥和有机物料配施显著降低MBC/MBN和DOC/DON,降低率分别为24.57%和7.71%。MBC和DOC、MBN和DON随着土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon,SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen,TN）的增加呈显著线性增加。MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC和DON+MBN之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。从相关程度看,DOC+MBC和DON+MBN较MBC、DOC、MBN、DON更能反映土壤中活性有机碳和氮库的变化,成为评价土壤肥力及质量的更有效指标。结果可为提高洱海流域农田土壤肥力,增强土壤固氮效果,减少土壤中氮素流失,保护洱海水质安全提供科学依据。     

基于灰渣和猪粪制造的有机无机复混肥对土壤易变性有机碳的影响

通过田间试验研究了不施肥（CK）、化肥（NPK）、基于灰渣和猪粪制造的有机无机复混肥高、中、低水平（CFI、CF2和CF3）5种施肥处理下0～60cm土壤易变性有机碳含量及其在玉米生长期内的动态变化。结果表明：CF1、CF2和CF3处理能显著提高0～60cm土壤总有机碳（TOC）和易变性有机碳的含量及易变性有机碳的活性（P〈0．05）,其中以CF2处理提高最显著;施肥对土壤易变性有机碳影响随着土层的加深而减弱。土壤易氧化有机碳（ROC）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、水溶性有机碳（WSOC）这3种易变性有机碳中ROC和DOC可以作为指示土壤有机碳对有机无机复混肥敏感的指标,可用于预测土壤有机碳的变化趋势。研究基于灰渣和猪粪制造的有机无机复混肥对土壤有机碳库含量的影响,还需进行长期的定位试验。     

高寒草原土壤有机碳矿化对水氮添加的响应

[目的]研究不同水氮添加下的高寒草原土壤有机碳矿化过程,探讨土壤性质与土壤碳矿化的关系,为揭示全球变化背景下高寒草原土壤碳转化规律提供科学依据。[方法]设置45%,60%,75%,90%的田间持水量(WHC)4个水分梯度和4个氮添加梯度(0,0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/g)进行室内培养,分析CO_2浓度,测定土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)、土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量以及土壤酶活性。[结果]①在水或氮添加范围内,土壤有机碳矿化量呈抛物线变化趋势,土壤碳矿化受水分调控更加敏感,氮添加对土壤碳矿化的影响依赖于水分添加量。②土壤水分从45%增加到60%WHC,加速了土壤中可溶性物质溶出,增加了有机碳矿化;施氮量从0 mg/g增加到0.4 mg/g,土壤有机碳含量、土壤微生物量碳含量呈上升趋势,刺激了土壤有机碳的矿化。③90%田间持水量WHC的高水分添加与45%田间持水量土壤水分下的高氮添加(0.8 mg/g)抑制高寒草原土壤碳矿化,高水分添加通过降低土壤通透性抑制有机碳矿化过程,高氮添加通过降低土壤DOC生物有效性、土壤MBC含量、土壤酶活来抑制土壤有机碳矿化过程,高氮添加对碳矿化的抑制作用在90%WHC条件下得到缓解。[结论]随着未来氮沉降量与降雨量的持续增加,青藏高原高寒草原土壤有机碳的矿化作用可能会受到抑制,有利于高寒草原土壤有机碳积累。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地不同混交林土壤可溶性有机碳氮的研究

对黄河三角洲盐碱地刺槐纯林、刺槐+白蜡、刺槐+白榆和刺槐+臭椿混交林土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤可溶性氮(TNS)进行了研究。结果表明,4种人工林中,腐殖质层DOC和TSN含量显著大于0-20和20-40cm层土壤。刺槐+臭椿混交林的DOC含量最高,为257.70mg/kg。另外,总氮(TN)和TSN含量分别为1065.79和55.80mg/kg,均显著高于其他三种林型。各层土壤DOC和TSN含量由高到底的顺序依次为：刺槐+臭椿混交林 > 刺槐+白榆混交林 > 刺槐纯林 > 刺槐+白蜡混交林。相关分析结果表明,土壤DOC和TSN与土壤的全氮、有效磷、速效钾和含盐量相关性显著。     

湘中丘陵区4种森林土壤水溶性有机碳含量及其与土壤养分的关系

为了解亚热带天然次生林保护对森林土壤有机碳库的影响,研究了湘中丘陵区杉木人工林和3种天然次生林(马尾松+石栎针阔混交林、南酸枣落叶阔叶林、石栎+青冈常绿阔叶林)土壤水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量季节动态及其与土壤自然含水率、p H、养分含量的相关性。结果表明:土壤DOC含量0~15 cm土层高于15~30 cm土层,秋季土层之间的含量差异最小,土壤DOC的分配比例15~30 cm土层高于0~15 cm土层;马尾松+石栎针阔混交林、南酸枣落叶阔叶林、石栎+青冈常绿阔叶林土壤DOC含量分别较杉木人工林高3.15%~9.81%,3.85%~8.19%和11.24%~12.00%,夏季不同森林类型之间的含量差异最大;4种森林土壤DOC的分配比例在2.00%~2.54%之间,杉木人工林土壤DOC的分配比例高于3种次生林;4种森林土壤DOC含量季节变化明显,均表现为:春、夏、冬季较高,秋季最低,秋季与春(除杉木人工林外)、夏季之间差异显著;各森林土壤DOC含量与土壤自然含水率、有机碳(SOC)、全N、全P、全K、水解N、有效P、速效K含量之间呈极显著或显著正相关。可见,地带性常绿阔叶林或天然次生林转变为杉木人工林后,土壤DOC含量下降,土壤DOC含量可作为衡量土壤潜在生产力的敏感指标。     

光照与黑暗培养对亚热带区稻田及旱地土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响

农田土壤的固碳潜力对于理解陆地生态系统碳循环和气候变化至关重要.分别选取亚热带区4种典型稻田和旱地土壤,设置裸土光照和裸土黑暗处理,探讨土壤有机碳(SOC)及其活性组分(可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC))对光照和黑暗条件的响应。结果表明,与培养前相比,培养80 d后,光照和黑暗培养下稻田及旱地土壤SOC含量差异不显著,这可能与土壤SOC含量变化是一个缓慢的过程有关.光照和黑暗培养均显著提高了土壤DOC含量(与培养前相比,光照和遮光培养平均分别提高73.37%和80.58%),而MBC显著降低(与培养前相比,光照和遮光培养平均分别降低35.58%和32.32%)。相关分析表明,培养后的土壤DOC含量与土壤粘粒含量呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01),而与土壤原有碳氮水平呈极显著负相关;土壤MBC则恰好相反,MBC与土壤粘粒含量呈极显著负相关,而与土壤原有碳氮水平呈极显著正相关.本研究表明,短期(80d)的光照和黑暗培养对稻田及旱地土壤SOC含量变化影响不大,而显著改变了有机碳活性组分(DOC和MBC)含量,进一步说明了土壤活性有机碳是土壤中活性化学组分,随环境条件变化表现出强烈的变化趋势。     

马尾松-麻栎混交林土壤溶解性有机碳、氮空间分布特征

以河南省驻马店西部低山丘陵区马尾松—麻栎混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机碳(SOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和溶解性有机氮(DON)储量及其对坡向、土层深度(0—10cm和10—20cm)及胸高断面积的响应规律。结果表明:坡向和胸高断面积显著影响SOC和DOC储量(p0.05),且不同坡向土壤中SOC、DOC和DON的影响因素不同。阳坡SOC储量主要限制性因素是速效钾,阴坡是全氮;阳坡与阴坡土壤DOC和DON储量主要受全氮的影响。另外,土层深度亦对SOC、DOC和DON储量有显著影响(p0.05),且随土层加深而降低,呈表层富集的现象。相关性分析表明,SOC、DOC和DON储量与土壤物理性质即土壤湿度、紧实度及土壤中颗粒组成存在显著的相关性。SOC、DOC和DON两两之间呈显著正相关关系,并均与土壤全氮、有效氮(铵态氮、硝态氮和碱解氮)、速效磷和速效钾等含量也存在显著的相关性(p0.01),表明土壤养分含量是影响马尾松—麻栎混交林土壤有机碳储量及溶解性有机碳、氮空间分布的重要因素。     

熏蒸浸提法测定碱性土微生物生物量碳初探

为探究熏蒸浸提法测定碱性土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)的最优熏蒸时间和浸提液浓度,本研究采用9种熏蒸时间、2种K_2SO_4浸提液浓度对不同有机质含量的碱性土壤MBC进行了测定。结果表明:(1)对于碱性土壤,熏蒸时间的选择与土壤有机质含量有关,土壤有机质含量越高,MBC提取值达到稳定的熏蒸时间越长。建议测定高有机质土壤(≥60 g/kg)MBC时熏蒸时间不少于24 h;测定中、低有机质土壤(≤30g/kg)MBC时熏蒸时间不少于18 h。(2)土壤有机质含量影响K2SO4浸提液的提取效率,测定高、中有机质土壤MBC时需要0.5 mol/L K_2SO_4浸提液进行提取;在低有机质土壤MBC测定中,0.25 mol/L K_2SO_4浸提液即可。(3)对于未知有机质含量的碱性土壤建议氯仿熏蒸时间至少为24 h,K_2SO_4浸提液浓度为0.5 mol/L。     

Extraction of water‐soluble organic matter from mineral horizons of forest soils

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is involved in many important biogeochemical processes in soil. As its collection is laborious, very often water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM) obtained by extracting organic or mineral soil horizons with a dilute salt solution has been used as a substitute of DOM. We extracted WSOM (measured as water‐soluble organic C, WSOC) from seven mineral horizons of three forest soils from North‐Rhine Westphalia, Germany, with demineralized H₂O, 0.01 M CaCl₂, and 0.5 M K₂SO₄. We investigated the quantitative and qualitative effects of the extractants on WSOM and compared it with DOM collected with ceramic suction cups from the same horizons. The amounts of WSOC extracted differed significantly between both the extractants and the horizons. With two exceptions, K₂SO₄ extracted the largest amounts of WSOC (up to 126 mg C kg^–1) followed by H₂O followed by CaCl₂. The H₂O extracts revealed by far the highest molar UV absorptivities at 254 nm (up to 5834 L mol^–1 cm^–1) compared to the salt solutions which is attributed to solubilization of highly aromatic compounds. The amounts of WSOC extracted did not depend on the amounts of Fe and Al oxides as well as on soil organic C and pH. Water‐soluble organic matter extracted by K₂SO₄ bore the largest similarity to DOM due to relatively analogue molar absorptivities. Therefore, we recommend to use this extractant when trying to obtain a substitute for DOM, but as WSOM extraction is a rate‐limited process, the suitability of extraction procedures to obtain a surrogate of DOM remains ambiguous.     

施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤活性有机碳组分和牧草固碳的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究施肥对喀斯特地区植草土壤不同活性有机碳组分和牧草固碳的影响。试验处理包括CK（不施肥）、 N1 （N 150 mg/kg）、 N2 （N 250 mg/kg）、 N1P1 （P2O5100 mg/kg）、 N2P2 （P2O5150 mg/kg）、 N1P1K1 （K2O 70 mg/kg）、 N1P1K2 （K2O 105 mg/kg）和N2P2K1和N2P2K2。结果表明,与对照（不施肥）相比,施肥处理增加植草土壤有机碳、 微生物量碳和易氧化碳,有机碳日矿化量和累积矿化量以及牧草固碳量。其中N1P1K1处理土壤有机碳和易氧化碳最高,N1P1处理土壤微生物量碳最高,N2P2K1处理土壤可溶性碳最高,N2P2K2处理牧草地上部及根系固碳量、 有机碳日矿化量和累积矿化量均最高。综上,低量氮磷钾肥配施有利于土壤活性有机碳的积累,高量氮磷钾平衡配施牧草固碳效果最佳。     

Response of the sorption behavior of Cu,Cd, and Zn to different soil management

This study investigated the effect of different farming practices over long time periods on the sorption‐desorption behavior of Cu, Cd, and Zn in soils. Various amendments in a long‐term field experiment over 44 y altered the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Adsorption isotherms obtained from batch sorption experiments with Cu, Cd, and Zn were well described by Freundlich equations for adsorption and desorption. The data showed that Cu was adsorbed in high amounts, followed by Zn and Cd. In most treatments, Cd ions were more weakly sorbed than Cu or Zn. Generally, adsorption coefficients K_F increased among the investigated farming practices in the following order: sewage sludge ≤ fallow < inorganic fertilizer without N ≈ green manure < peat < Ca(NO₃)₂ < animal manure ≤ grassland/extensive pasture. The impact of different soil management on the sorption properties of agricultural soils for trace metals was quantified. Results demonstrated that the soil pH was the main factor controlling the behavior of heavy metals in soil altered through management. Furthermore, the constants K_F and n of isotherms obtained from the experiments significantly correlated with the amount of solid and water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the soils. Higher soil pH and higher contents of soil organic carbon led to higher adsorption. Carboxyl and carbonyl groups as well as WSOC significantly influenced the sorption behavior of heavy metals in soils with similar mineral soil constituents.     

Temperature, water content and wet-dry cycle effects on DOC production and carbon mineralization in agricultural peat soils

Agricultural peat soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California have been identified as an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane precursors in waters exported for drinking. The objectives of this study were to examine the primary sources of DOC from soil profiles (surface vs. subsurface), factors (temperature, soil water content and wet-dry cycles) controlling DOC production, and the relationship between C mineralization and DOC concentration in cultivated peat soils. Surface and subsurface peat soils were incubated for 60 d under a range of temperature (10, 20, and 30 °C) and soil water contents (0.3-10.0 g-water g-soil⁻¹). Both CO₂-C and DOC were monitored during the incubation period. Results showed that significant amount of DOC was produced only in the surface soil under constantly flooded conditions or flooding/non-flooding cycles. The DOC production was independent of temperature and soil water content under non-flooded condition, although CO₂ evolution was highly correlated with these parameters. Aromatic carbon and hydrophobic acid contents in surface DOC were increased with wetter incubation treatments. In addition, positive linear correlations (r²=0.87) between CO₂-C mineralization rate and DOC concentration were observed in the surface soil, but negative linear correlations (r²=0.70) were observed in the subsurface soil. Results imply that mineralization of soil organic carbon by microbes prevailed in the subsurface soil. A conceptual model using a kinetic approach is proposed to describe the relationships between CO₂-C mineralization rate and DOC concentration in these soils.     

城郊土壤不透水表面有土壤机碳转化及其相关性质的研究

Installation of impervious surface in urban area prevents the exchange of material and energy between soil and other environmental counterparts, thereby resulting in negative effects on soil function and urban environment. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth in Nanjing City, China, in which seven sites were selected for urban open soils, and fourteen sites with similar parent material were selected for the impervious-covered soils, to examine the effect of impervious surface on soil properties and microbial activities, and to determine the most important soil properties associated with soil organic carbon （SOC） transformation in the urban soils covered by impervious surfaces. Soil organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon （WSOC） concentrations, potential carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） mineralization rates, basal respiration, and physicochemical properties with respect to C transformation were measured. Installation of impervious surface severely affected soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities, e.g., it significantly decreased total N contents, potential C mineralization and basal respiration rate （P 〈 0.01）, while increased pH, clay and Olsen-P concentrations. Soil organic carbon in the sealed soils at 0-20 cm was 2.35 kg m-2, which was significantly lower than the value of 4.52 kg m-2 in the open soils （P 〈 0.05）. Canonical correlation analysis showed WSOC played a major role in determining SOC transformation in the impervious-covered soil, and it was highly correlated with total N content and potential C mineralization rate. These findings demonstrate that installation of impervious surface in urban area, which will result in decreases of SOC and total N concentrations and soil microbial activities, has certain negative consequences for soil fertility and long-term storage of SOC.     

水稻品种和砷污染对土壤溶解性有机碳氮的影响

选取有机质含量和pH不同的2种水稻土(黄泥田和红泥田),通过盆栽实验研究砷(As)污染条件下,种植9个水稻品种对土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)和溶解性有机氮(DON)含量的影响,分析水稻品种、As污染和土壤类型的相对影响与交互作用.结果表明,水稻品种显著影响了土壤DOC和DON的变化,在水稻收获后,DOC平均含量的大小顺序为杂交稻(41.09±0.92 mg kg-1)＞籼稻(38.10±1.53 mg kg-1)＞粳稻(37.74± 1.37 mg kg-1);DON平均含量的大小顺序为粳稻(2.94± 0.40 mg kg-1)＞杂交稻(2.61±0.42 mg kg-1)＞籼稻(1.45± 0.17 mg kg-1).As污染降低了土壤DOC和DON的含量,但不同品种水稻的响应不同.与对照相比,As污染条件下,黄泥田和红泥田中DOC平均含量分别下降了14.4％和11.1％,DON平均含量分别下降了65.0％和44.7％;DOC在种植杂交稻后降幅最小,而DON在种植籼稻后降幅最小.在两种水稻土中,黄泥田的DOC和DON平均含量高于红泥田,在没有As污染条件下,分别高22.4％和45.8％,这与黄泥田有机质含量和pH高有关.水稻品种、As污染和土壤类型对DOC和DON变化的影响不同,3个因子对DOC变化的相对贡献率分别为7.7％、15.5％和27.6％,对DON变化的相对贡献率分别为14.7％、24.2％和2.0％.     

不同植被类型对滨海盐碱土壤有机碳库的影响

对江苏滨海盐碱地5种不同植被类型土壤（0 ~ 40 cm）有机碳（SOC）含量、密度和表层（0 ~ 20 cm）土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量及其占总有机碳（TOC）的比例进行了分析。结果显示,随土层深度的增加,SOC含量降低,表层SOC密度占整个剖面的54.6% ~ 75.8%。表层SOC含量和密度分别介于2.02 ~ 9.61 g/kg和5.87 ~ 21.54 t/hm2,平均值分别为4.77 g/kg和12.56 t/hm2。随着原生植被群落的演替（光滩→盐蒿→茅草）,SOC、SMBC和DOC含量均依次增加。茅草荒地围垦后,稻-油轮作地和菊芋地表层SOC密度分别比茅草地的增加了55%（5.77 t/hm2）和107%（11.15 t/hm2）;稻-油轮作地的SMBC含量及SMBC/TOC比值下降,而菊芋地的上升;围垦后土壤DOC含量及DOC/TOC比值都明显下降。结果表明,滨海盐碱地SOC主要分布在表层,原生植被群落的顺行演替使SOC库容增加且活性增强,在盐荒地围垦初期（3年）,SOC库容增加但活性有所减弱。经估算,滨海盐碱非耕地具有较大的固碳潜力,但需要合理的耕作管理措施来保证农业生产的可持续发展并实现增汇减排的目标。     

Soluble organic nitrogen in temperate forest soils

Very few studies have been related to soluble organic nitrogen (SON) in forest soils. However, this nitrogen pool could be a sensitive indicator to evaluate the soil nitrogen status. The current study was conducted in temperate forests of Thuringia, Germany, where soils had SON (extracted in 0.5 M K₂SO₄) varying from 0.3 to 2.2% of total N, which was about one-third of the soil microbial biomass N by CFE. SON in study soils were positively correlated to microbial biomass N and soil total N. Multiple regression analysis also showed that mineral N negatively affected SON pool. The dynamics of the SON was significantly affected by mineralization and immobilization. During the 2 months of aerobic incubation, the SON were significantly correlated with net N mineralization and microbial biomass N. SON extracted by two different salt solution (i.e. 1 M KCl and 0.5 M K₂SO₄₎ were highly correlated. In mineral soil, SON concentrations extracted by 1 M KCl and 0.5 M K₂SO₄ solutions were similar. In contrast, in organic soil layer the amount of KCl-extractable SON was about 1.2-1.4 times higher than the K₂SO₄-extractable SON. Further studies such as the differences of organic N form and pool size between SON and dissolved organic N (DON) are recommended.     

蔬菜连作对铜尾矿土壤中有机碳、腐殖质碳以及可溶性有机碳的影响

Carbon of humus acids （HSAC） and dissolved organic carbon （DOC） are the most active forms of soil organic carbon （SOC） and play an important role in global carbon recycling. We investigated the concentrations of HSAC, water-soluble organic carbon （WSOC）, hot water-extractable organic carbon （HWOC） and SOC in soils under different vegetation types of four copper mine tailings sites with differing vegetation succession time periods in Tongling, China. The concentrations of HSAC, WSOC, HWOC and SOC increased with vegetation succession. WSOC concentration increased with the accumulation of SOC in the tailings, and a linearly positive correlation existed between the concentrations of HSAC and SOC in the tailings. However, the percentages of HSAC and DOC in the SOC decreased during vegetation succession. The rate of SOC accumulation was higher when the succession time was longer than 20 years, whereas the speeds of soil organic matter （SOM） decomposition and humification were slow, and the concentrations of HSAC and DOC increased slowly in the tailings. The percentage of carbon of humic acid （HAC） in HSAC increased with vegetation succession, and the values of humification index （HI）, HAC/carbon of fulvic acid, also increased with the accumulation of HSAC and SOC in soils of the tailings sites. However, the HI value in the each of the tailings was less than 0.50. The humification rate of SOM was lower than the accumulation rate of SOM, and the level of soil fertility was still very low in the tailings even after 40 years of natural restoration.     

不同植被群落土壤水溶性有机碳的变化特征

[目的]对比天然次生林和人工林土壤水溶性有机碳的含量、季节变化特征及与土壤理化性质的相关性,评估不同植被恢复模式对土壤碳库的影响。[方法]以浙江省凤阳山不同植被群落为对象,在野外调查和实验测定的基础上,通过相邻样地比较法进行研究。[结果]不同植被群落0—60cm土层平均水溶性有机碳含量的大小关系为:35a杉木人工林(0.299 7g/kg)40a常绿阔叶次生林(0.271 7g/kg)35a针阔混交次生林(0.258 6g/kg)40a杉木人工林(0.252 9g/kg)30a柳杉人工林(0.252 8g/kg)30a针阔混交次生林(0.248 0g/kg),相邻样地基本表现为人工林大于天然次生林;不同植被群落土壤水溶性有机碳含量的最小值均出现在夏季。[结论]土壤水溶性有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳、全氮、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著或显著正相关,与土壤pH值及容重呈极显著或显著负相关。