浅析黑龙江垦区水土流失治理措施

简述黑龙江垦区水土流失现状及危害,分析了水土流失产生的自然因素和人为因素,在总结水土保持治理经验的基础上,并针对黑龙江垦区水土流失的特点,因地制宜地提出相应的9种水土流失治理模式及预防保护措施。     

黑龙江垦区水土保持治理模式初步探讨

针对黑龙江垦区地貌特征及开垦年限等因素,根据多年水土保持工作经验初步提出符合黑龙江垦区实际的水土流失治理九个模式。通过推广这些治理模式,可以使垦区的水土流失现状得到有效控制。     

黑龙江垦区水土保持工作的探索与实践

黑龙江垦区自1947年开发建设以来,在经济快速发展的同时,也面临着水土流失的困扰。近年来,垦区采取了多种措施进行治理,水土保持工作取得了显著成就。截止到2006年底,累计治理水土流失面积3460km2,改善了生态环境和农业生产条件,促进了垦区经济社会的发展。对垦区水土流失的状况、成因、危害、治理措施和经验进行了阐述,并重点介绍了具有垦区特色的垡带、垄向区田、鼠道耕法、秸秆还田等治理措施,另外,还对垦区的水土保持工作存在的问题进行了分析并提出了有关建议。     

浅谈公路建设的水土流失原因及其防治措施

开发建设过程中造成水土流失越来越严重,公路建设造成的水土流失范围呈线状,有时甚至跨越多种流域和地貌类型,所造成的水土流失影响范围广,分析研究公路建设中水土流失防治措施是减少开发建设项目水土流失的重要方面。该文根据调查资料,分析总结了公路建设中水土流失的原因,提出了一般性防治措施,供有关部门参考。     

山区公路建设水土流失防治措施研究

山区公路建设过程往往更容易引起剧烈水土流失。通过对甘孜州出州通道泸(定)汉(源)路沈宜段公路建设水土流失防治措施分析和研究,泸汉路项目建设水土流失防治责任范围共计311.63 hm2,因工程项目建设引起的新增水土流失预测总量为13.46万t,水土流失防治重点时段为建设期,水土流失防治重点区域为路基工程和弃渣场,根据计算结果,对水土流失防治重点区域路基工程和弃渣场提出了具体水土流失防治措施和典型设计。     

政和县乐溪流域梯级电站建设项目水土流失及其防治

梯级水电站在建设过程中如不采取有效的水土流失防治措施,势必造成严重的水土流失。本文通过计算预测政和县乐溪流域梯级电站建设过程中造成的水土流失量,分析了可能造成的水土流失危害,提出了切实可行的防治措施。     

浙江省水土流失的时空动态研究

浙江省大量基础设施建设项目的开工建设,在不同地区和不同建设工期表现出的水土流失特征各不相同,且不同的土地利用方式和利用强度造成的水土流失类型和规律也不相同,充分体现了经济发达地区不同于过去和经济相对落后地区的水土流失特征。经济发达地区的水土流失特征可归纳为:水土流失面积小、强度大,强度水土流失空间分布分散、时间集中性强、动态变化速度快,水土流失治理效益显著,人为诱发水土流失突出。出现上述特征的原因可概括为:开发建设项目不同工期水土保持措施效益差异是强度水土流失面积波动的原因之一,经济开发和劳动力转型是水土流失面积减少的原因之一,农业经济林开发建设是导致林地水土流失比重大的原因之一。提出了今后水土保持工作应采取的新措施和重点治理的新方向。     

江苏省公路建设水土流失效应与防治

通过分析江苏省公路建设对水土流失的各项效应 ,探讨了江苏省公路建设与水土流失的关系 ,并提出了有关对策建议 ,以期在江苏省这样一个经济发达、人口稠密地区有效防治公路建设中水土流失 ,保护生态环境     

宁夏丘陵区风电场建设水土流失特征分析及对策研究

风电场工程作为一种开发建设项目新的建设形式,在其建设过程中扰动和破坏地表及原生植被,造成了大量水土流失.通过对宁夏丘陵地区风电场建设过程中不同时段的水土流失特征进行了对比分析,在此基础上提出风电场建设过程中不同时段的水土流失防治对策,为该地区风电场建设过程中的水土流失防治提供技术支撑.     

新形势下铁路工程水土流失防治探讨

对我国铁路工程建设引发的水土流失特点及危害进行分析,指出在治理铁路工程水土流失的同时,需加强对水土流失过程和机理的深入剖析,提高水土流失防治措施的可靠性、经济性和生态友好性。提倡铁路工程建设以生态优先,保护为主,助力水土保持事业高质量发展,促进我国铁路建设健康发展,尤其是推动山区铁路及高速铁路的环境友好型发展。提出了未来铁路工程水土流失防治技术的研究方向。     

河道堤防滩地的水土流失及其防治

平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.