涪陵区石灰岩采石场水土流失原因及防治对策

涪陵区石灰岩出露面广,采石场多、小、乱,缺乏水土保持方案和水土保持措施,造成了严重的水土流失。针对造成采石场水土流失的原因,提出了制定科学规划,加大宣传力度,严格编制和审批水土保持方案,督促业主落实水土保持“三同时”制度,查处违法案件等水土流失防治对策。     

赣南中小型采石场水土流失特征及防治策略

赣南中小型采石场规模小、投入少、环境差,水土流失严重,生态恢复困难。根据中小型采石场水土流失特征,提出了监督管理建议:一要严格规范管理,二要强化现场监督检查。按石料开采区、排土场、道路等区域特点分别提出了针对性的水土流失防治措施。只有管理和治理双管齐下,才能有效防治中小型采石场的水土流失。     

采石场松散体坡面两种治理措施的水土保持效益

通过修建径流小区,对北京市房山区黄院采石场的治理进行了连续两年的坡面径流观测,用对比分析的方法研究了采石场治理初期不同年份内不同治理措施的水土保持效益。结果表明,在采石场治理初期,不同的坡度、不同的治理措施、不同的植被覆盖度均对坡面水土流失的影响有较大差异。当坡度为25°时,铺设生态袋措施能够有效防治水土流失;当植被覆盖度小于15%时,影响水土流失的主要因素为松散体坡面的孔隙度;当植被覆盖度大于60%时,影响水土流失的主要因素是降雨量和降雨强度。     

采石场水土流失防治探讨

在分析采石场产生水土流失的原因及其危害的基础上，针对发展石场，计划关闭石场，已关的或废弃采石场分析提出了相应的管理办法和水土保持或生态恢复措施。同时，对采石场水土保持措施经费概算方法进行了探讨。     

龙门县采石场水土流失治理技术

采石场在生产过程中会破坏下垫面植被、土壤,改变和重塑原地形地貌,影响区域整体景观效果,并造成严重的水土流失。龙门县采石取土造成的水土流失面积虽然不大,但是平均侵蚀模数高达1.37万t/(km2.a)。针对龙门县采石场生产过程中以及闭矿后的水土流失治理问题,在进行深入调查与分析的基础上,详细总结了矿区采取的防洪排导、边坡防护、植被恢复和土地整治等技术。     

浅谈围涂工程中的水土流失防治

通过对瑞安阁巷围涂工程及采石场周边区域水土保持现状的调查分析,根据本地区的地形、地质、土壤、植被和工程建设的特点,对工程防治责任范围内可能造成的水土流失及危害进行预测、分析,并采取切实可行的工程和植物等防治措施,使新增的水土流失得到有效控制,工程区内原有的水土流失得到基本治理,减少了泥沙流入周边河网,保障了工程安全,改善了生态环境。     

北京市矿山生态治理主要技术与典型模式

北京市关停废弃矿山生态环境恶劣,水土流失严重。北京市水务、国土等部门采用创面修复措施、水利措施、植物措施、配套措施4大措施共10项技术,推广龙凤岭废弃采石场、口头采石场、北京首钢铁矿、大安山乡永红煤矿、妙峰山镇废弃石灰场、百花山道路边坡以及自然修复7种典型治理模式,对全市关停废弃矿山进行生态治理。详细介绍了矿山生态修复所采用的主要技术及所取得的效果。     

重庆市主城区废弃采石场生态与景观恢复对策

对重庆市主城区废弃采石场进行了调查,分析了其所造成的自然景观与生态环境破坏现状。结合实际情况,提出了废弃采石场生态与景观恢复的具体方案,包括开发性治理、工程整治、景观再造、绿化与生态恢复。对采石场生态恢复与治理的政策措施、管理措施和资金筹措渠道也进行了探讨。     

废弃采石场石质边坡植被重建与关键技术试验研究

我省废弃采石场由于长期不合理的开采,大量弃渣顺坡随意倾倒堆积,破坏了原有的林草植被,导致生态环境严重恶化,植被难以自然恢复。形成的石质边坡后期治理成本高、难度大、施工危险性高,存在严重的水土流失和植被恢复困难等问题。本文以连江县丹阳镇旺庄村宝山采石场石质边坡为对象,开展石质边坡植被重建试验研究,通过采取不同的关键治理技术措施,能够有效、快速地完成石质边坡的植被覆盖绿化,为我省废弃采石场石质边坡植被重建提供有价值的参考和方向。     

政和县乐溪流域梯级电站建设项目水土流失及其防治

梯级水电站在建设过程中如不采取有效的水土流失防治措施,势必造成严重的水土流失。本文通过计算预测政和县乐溪流域梯级电站建设过程中造成的水土流失量,分析了可能造成的水土流失危害,提出了切实可行的防治措施。     

河道堤防滩地的水土流失及其防治

平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.