基于多元线性回归的东北地区春玉米单产空间化模拟

春玉米是东北地区主要粮食作物，研究分析不同气候和土壤模式下春玉米产量的空间差异对于指导农业生产和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。本研究选取土壤、地形和气候因素三个方面共13个关键影响因素，采用多元线性回归分析法构建春玉米单产和13个影响因素的多元线性回归模型，并利用Arc GIS软件将春玉米单产进行栅格化，对东北地区春玉米单产空间分布情况进行分析。结果表明：(1)经多元线性回归模型计算的空间化数据(空间分辨率为1km)与春玉米单产统计数据基本一致，东北地区春玉米单产在2482.49～10147.10kg·hm^-2。(2)春玉米单产空间分布图客观反映了春玉米单产的空间分布趋势，大体呈现由中部地区向四周不断减少的格局。本研究准确取得栅格尺度的东北地区春玉米单产空间化的模拟结果，平均相对误差1.45%，可为东北地区农业生产布局优化和决策制定等提供方法参考。     

近39年东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力及其对气候变化的响应

为评估东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力及其对区域气候变化的响应，基于东北地区66个气象站点1981—2019年气象数据，采用风蚀气候侵蚀力计算方法，解析东北地区风蚀气候侵蚀力空间分布特征、时间变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：近39年(1981—2019年),东北地区风速和相对湿度呈下降趋势，降水量呈波动增加趋势，气温呈上升趋势；风蚀气候侵蚀力整体呈西高东低趋势，全区平均为18.8,空间变化范围为0.9～63.8;春、夏、秋和冬季的风蚀气候侵蚀力分别为10.4,1.4,4.1和2.9;全区年风蚀气候侵蚀力平均每10年减小3.71,春、夏、秋和冬季平均每10年分别减小2.05,0.24,0.96和0.44;风蚀气候侵蚀力有明显的空间性(西高东低)和季节性(春季高，夏季低)。39年来，全年及四季的风蚀气候侵蚀力整体呈下降趋势。研究结果可为不同农业种植区土壤风蚀防治提供理论依据。     

作物地膜覆盖技术适宜性及其在东北春玉米上的应用

为从源头解决地膜覆盖技术泛用、滥用问题，提高作物地膜覆盖技术的合理利用性。研究提出作物地膜覆盖适宜性的概念，将其定义为"地膜覆盖技术对作物自身环境要素需求与所在地提供环境要素差异的补偿程度"。该研究以东北春玉米为例，构建春玉米地膜覆盖适宜性的评价体系，通过数据检索的方式收集东北地区田间试验中春玉米地膜覆盖功能数据，明确作物地膜覆盖与不覆盖农田土壤温度和水分、经济产量相关关系，量化作物地膜覆盖的增温保墒、增产功效，筛选春玉米地膜覆盖技术适宜性评价指标，并计算地膜覆盖技术适宜指数，参照作物需求阈值标准和经济效益，明确东北不同熟期春玉米地膜覆盖种植范围，形成春玉米地膜覆盖综合适宜性区划。东北地区春玉米不同生育阶段地膜覆盖耕作层土壤温度（土壤含水率）与裸地土壤温度（土壤含水率）及产量与≥10 ℃积温存在良好的线性关系（P < 0.01）。基于春玉米地膜覆盖适宜性的评价体系，计算了地膜覆盖适宜指数，完成东北地区春玉米地膜覆盖综合适宜分区。作物地膜覆盖适宜性相关研究可为中国地膜投入量零增长和地膜污染综合防控提供可靠技术支撑。     

近30年中国玉米气候生产潜力时空变化特征

气候变化背景下中国玉米气候生产潜力变化趋势及其空间差异值得关注。在1981年-2010年日气象数据、玉米生育期数据和土壤数据基础上,该文采用GIS技术和AEZ模型结合的方法,模拟了30a平均中国玉米生产潜力和中国玉米生产潜力变化趋势。研究得出:近30a中国春玉米气候生产潜力变化趋势为每5a变化-887～1689kg/hm2,空间差异明显,东北地区西部、黄淮海平原北部和黄土高原部分地区气候生产潜力呈降低趋势,黄淮海地区南部和南方绝大部分地区呈增加趋势。中国夏玉米气候生产潜力变化趋势为每5a变化-589～1768kg/hm2,除黄淮海平原北部呈降低趋势外,其他地区夏玉米气候生产潜力呈增加趋势。中国春玉米、夏玉米气候生产潜力呈下降趋势地区玉米光温生产潜力在近30a显著增加,气候干旱化是主要影响因素。该研究可为中国玉米生产宏观决策提供支持。     

宁夏南部山区秸秆覆盖对春玉米水分利用及产量的影响

为研究秸秆覆盖在宁南山区对春玉米生长及其土壤水分的影响,在宁夏彭阳县对三种不同秸秆覆盖处理方式进行了试验研究。对比分析了不同覆盖措施下春玉米的生长状况、产量及水分利用效率变化的关系。结果表明:采用秸秆覆盖方式可使春玉米的株高、穗位高、穗长、生物产量及经济产量等指标得到显著提高,土壤的蓄水保墒性能增强,水分利用效率提高,增产增效明显;与传统方式相比,整秸秆覆盖可使春玉米的产量及水分利用效率分别提高3.5%及16.5%。     

EPIC模型在黄土高原地区的应用

介绍了EPIC(侵蚀-生产力影响计算模型)的特点、组成部分及应用步骤，对部分作物参数进行了修订。以黄土塬区冬小麦和春玉米为例，对EPIC模型的适用性进行了分析和验证，表明EPIC在黄土高原地区作物生产潜力模拟研究中具有较好的适用性。结果显示，冬小麦产量模拟值与实测值之间多年平均误差为7．78％，春玉米多年平均误差为9．60％。冬小麦水分胁迫天数多年平均为9．9d，最少为1．7d(1993年)，最多为23．1d(1995年)；春玉米水分胁迫天数多年平均为13．4d，最少为1．1d(1993年)，最多为44．2天(1995年)，与各年作物生育期降水情况基本一致。     

气候生产力的研究之二我国小麦最高产量

本文应用作者提出的气候生产力模式,对我国小麦可能最高产量进行了计算,给出了我国小麦最高产量分布图,其结果也是对气候生产力模式合理性的检查。     

中国黄连木的地理分布与生境气候特征分析

黄连木作为一种可再生的绿色能源——生物柴油的重要来源,是当前极具发展潜力的木本油料植物之一,已经引起了人们的广泛关注和极大重视。本文在分析《中国植物志》、分省植物志和涉及能源植物资源分布研究文献的基础上,绘出中国境内黄连木的自然地理分布图。根据其自然地理分布区的北界气象条件分析探讨确定黄连木生长的气候指标,并着重分析黄连木分布区的气候特征,总结出黄连木生长对热量、日照、水分等气候因素的生态适应性。由黄连木分布北界气候特征分析推出黄连木生长的气候指标：年均温不低于5．8℃,1月均温不低于-8℃,1月极端低温不低于-26．5℃,7月均温高于13．8℃,年降水量不少于300mm。黄连木主要分布于年均温10℃左右或以上、1月均温约为0℃、7月均温20～30℃、年降水量1000mm左右、无霜期平均不少于140d、且最冷月极端低温大于-20℃的地区。研究结果可为能源植物～—黄连木的引种、发展和利用提供参考。     

旱地春玉米不同覆膜种植模式的增产效应

覆膜种植是旱地春玉米种植的重要方式,具有显著的增产作用。但前人对旱地春玉米在不同覆膜种植方式下的水分利用、根系发育及抗倒伏等增产机理方面研究较少。于2013—2015年在河北省沧州市农林科学院前营试验站开展田间试验,连续3年研究露地平作(CK)、平作覆膜膜下播种(FC-SUF)、平作覆膜膜侧播种(FC-FSS)、起垄覆膜膜下播种(RC-SUF)、起垄覆膜膜侧播种(RC-FSS)等5种种植模式下春玉米产量及产量构成要素、土壤水分、作物根系和抗倒伏情况。结果表明:RC-FSS、RC-SUF、FC-FSS和FC-SUF比CK 3年平均分别增产24.97%、17.75%、11.69%和8.67%,其中起垄覆膜侧播技术(RC-FSS)增产效果最优,其水分利用效率比CK平均提高26.27%。RC-FSS处理垄沟处0~20 cm土壤含水量比CK增幅达30.44%~47.66%,达极显著差异;RC-FSS处理的抗倒伏性最好,其倒伏率仅为0.9%,抗倒伏力最大为29.4 N,与CK差异达显著水平。在玉米整个生育期内,0~10 cm土壤温度各覆膜处理比CK平均增加0.3~2.3℃,以RC-SUF种植模式下增温最显著。成熟期RC-FSS模式下根系分布直径、根系干重明显优于RC-SUF、FC-SUF和CK,差异均达显著水平。研究表明,春玉米起垄覆膜侧播技术具有集雨保墒、促根壮苗、高抗倒伏、增产稳产的作用,在春季干旱少雨的滨海平原区有广阔的应用前景。     

渭北旱塬丰水年春玉米产量潜势及水肥效应研究

采用试验方法对谓北塬区春玉米进行旱作产量潜势和水肥效应定量研究，结果表明：该区丰水年份春玉米产量潜势为６０３．６Ｋｇ／亩，产量潜势系数为１．０，自然降水可完全满足春玉米生长需要。在此基础上所进行的人工田间供水（以提高土壤水分水平）会导致水分利用率的降侈低，但不会造成减产。相反，无论在何种水分条件下培肥地力，不仅可以大幅度提高春玉米产量，还能明显提高水分利用率。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.