锌离子活度对水稻产量及子粒锌含量的影响及基因型差异

试验采用HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液培养法,选用子粒含锌量有明显差异的两个水稻基因型(碧玉早糯和浙农921),采用4种锌离子活度(pZn2+9.7,10.3,11.0,11.4),研究了锌离子活度对水稻产量和子粒锌积累、分配与子粒品质的影响及基因型差异。结果表明,锌离子活度通过对水稻有效穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率和千粒重的影响而显著影响水稻单株产量,其中影响最大的是单株有效穗数,其次是每穗颖花数,而对结实率的影响相对较小,但均存在明显的基因型差异。锌离子活度显著影响水稻子粒锌含量,随锌离子活度下降,水稻子粒含锌量降低,当锌离子活度低于pZn2+10.3时,两基因型水稻的含锌量均显著降低,但基因型间存在明显差异。不论在何种锌离子活度下,碧玉早糯的子粒含锌量均显著高于浙农921。从子粒锌分配看,颖壳、糙米、精米锌含量均随着锌离子活度提高而提高,当pZn2+从10.3升高到9.7时,碧玉早糯的糙米和精米锌含量开始降低,颖壳锌含量则开始超过糙米的锌含量继续升高;而浙农921糙米和精米锌含量的升高幅度较颖壳锌含量小。不同锌离子活度下,糙米和精米锌含量的比值在0.790~.90之间变化,并以pZn2+为9.7时为最小。因此,通过筛选子粒富锌水稻品种来提高稻米锌含量经济可行;通过增加环境锌离子活度,改善水稻的锌营养能显著提高水稻子粒的锌含量。     

锌离子活度对水稻幼苗锌吸收分配的影响及基因型差异

采用卜HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液,在4个锌水平(pZn2+即-log[Zn2+])分别为11.4、11.0、10.3和9.7下对锌营养效率不同的4个水稻基因型[IR8192、IR26、BY(碧玉早糯)、Z921(浙农921)]进行营养液培养试验,研究水稻幼苗对Zn吸收、转运和利用规律。结果表明,随着锌离子活度下降,各水稻基因型的锌累积量下降,锌从地下部向地上部的转运率提高,锌利用效率提高,且各基因型间差异显著。在锌离子活度较低时,耐低锌基因型(IR8192)锌养分利用效率和提高养分利用率的能力要远远高于锌敏感基因型IR26和子粒富锌基因型BY;在锌离子活度较高时,水稻子粒富锌基因型BY有较强的锌富集能力,具有较高的秧苗锌累积量,这可能是其子粒富锌的主要机理之一;利用苗期营养性状筛选子粒富锌水稻基因型效果可能较好。     

水稻耐低锌基因型的生长发育和若干生理特性研究

在不同Zn2+活度（pZn2+9.7,pZn2+11.0和pZn2+＞11.5）的溶液培养条件下,研究了水稻耐低锌基因型的生长发育和若干生理特性。结果表明:水稻锌营养存在明显的基因型差异,降低锌离子活度会增加地下部于物质的积累,当Zn2+活度从pZn2+9.7下降到pZn2+11.0时,耐低锌品种的地上部干重虽下降,但因地下部干重显著增加,故总干重相近;锌敏感品种则地上部干重显著下降,而地下部干重增加不明显,总干重显著下降。当严重缺锌（pZn2+＞11.5）时,所有基因型水稻的干重构极显著地下降,但锌敏感品种比耐低锌品种下降得更多。降低Zn2+活度使水稻秧苗的出叶速度减慢,在极度缺锌条件下,敏感品种只能生长到3.5叶,而耐低锌品种能生长到4.5叶左右。对叶绿素和根系氧化力的测定结果表明,轻度缺锌或缺锌初期会使叶绿素含量上升和根系氧化力下降,但严重缺锌时,则使叶绿素含量显著降低,而使根系氧化力明显增加。锌敏感品种比耐缺锌品种的变化更为明显。锌离子活度对秧苗的含水量也有明显的影响。因此,耐低锌基因型在低Zn2+活度条件通过保持较低的根氧化作用,促进根系生长以维持地上部新叶生长,达到低锌适应稳态。     

锌与氮磷钾配合喷施对小麦锌累积、分配及转移的影响

【目的】 在作物上喷施锌肥与目前应用较广泛的喷施大量元素肥料 (氮、磷或钾肥) 相配合,是解决人体锌缺乏问题的重要途径。本研究初步阐明了锌与氮、磷及钾肥配合喷施对小麦籽粒锌营养品质的影响机制,为小麦籽粒有效可行富锌方法提供理论参考。 【方法】 2010—2014年连续进行了4年裂区田间试验。主处理为不同氮肥用量土施 (N 0、120和240 kg/hm2),副处理为喷蒸馏水 (CK)、喷0.3% ZnSO₄ (Zn)、喷0.3% ZnSO₄和1.7%尿素 (Zn + N)、喷0.3% ZnSO₄和0.2% KH₂PO₄ (Zn + P + K)、喷0.3% ZnSO₄和0.5% K₂SO₄ (Zn + K)。分析测定小麦开花期地上部以及成熟期各部位 (籽粒、叶片、颖壳和茎秆) 锌含量,研究锌与氮、磷或钾肥配合喷施对锌在成熟期小麦各部位的分配,以及花前和花后锌分配比例及其对籽粒锌累积的表观贡献率的影响。 【结果】 喷施Zn、Zn + N、Zn + P + K或Zn + K处理后锌含量提升幅度以叶片最大 (2.4～7.7倍),颖壳 (2.0～4.7倍) 和籽粒 (1.8～2.4倍) 次之,茎秆最小 (0.2～1.0倍),锌在叶片和颖壳分配比明显提高。与单喷Zn相比,Zn + N或Zn + K处理籽粒和叶片锌含量进一步增加,而Zn + P + K处理籽粒和叶片锌含量均有所降低。与Zn处理相比,花后营养器官锌吸收量及其向籽粒的转移量在喷Zn + N时分别增加12和14 g/hm2,在喷Zn + K时增加44和32 g/hm2,但喷Zn + P + K时分别降低37和18 g/hm2。土施氮肥亦可显著增加籽粒和各营养器官锌含量,以及锌在营养器官的累积和再转移,但增幅明显低于各喷锌处理。此外,与Zn处理相比,Zn + N、Zn + P + K或Zn + K处理未进一步影响锌在小麦各部位的分配,但锌肥的回收率在Zn + N或Zn + K处理下显著提高,在Zn + P + K处理下显著降低。 【结论】 锌肥与氮肥或钾肥配合喷施,主要通过增加营养器官对锌的吸收及向籽粒的转移量,进一步提高籽粒锌含量,而磷锌配合喷施通过降低营养器官对锌的吸收及向籽粒的转移进而降低籽粒锌含量。      

生物强化提高水稻糙米锌含量及其生物有效性

【目的】研究利用有机锌肥生物强化水稻糙米锌含量的可行性及其生物可给性。【方法】锌生物强化试验在江苏溧阳进行，供试锌肥为糖醇螯合态锌(Zn 170 g/L)，供试水稻品种为中熟晚粳稻‘南粳46’。设5个处理：喷施清水(CK)；锌肥喷施一次，用量为2.55 kg/hm² (Zn1)、5.10 kg/hm² (Zn2)；锌肥喷施两次，总施用量为5.10 kg/hm² (Zn3)、10.20 kg/hm² (Zn4)。水稻成熟后，测定糙米中锌、植酸含量，测定糙米中锌赋存形态含量，计算糙米植酸/锌摩尔比、糙米锌赋存形态占比，并利用in vitro人工胃肠模拟法分析糙米锌在胃阶段和胃肠阶段的溶出量，以溶出锌与糙米锌量之比来计算糙米锌生物可给性。【结果】与CK处理相比，锌生物强化对糙米植酸含量无显著影响，但显著提高了糙米锌含量，Zn1、Zn2、Zn3和Zn4处理的增幅分别为23.93%、37.51%、82.38%和87.81%,Zn3和Zn4处理增幅差异不显著。Zn1、Zn2处理对糙米植酸/锌摩尔比无显著影响，Z...     

水稻锌高效营养特性的遗传分析

本试验以耐低锌能力不同的6个水稻基因型为材料,采用双列杂交,在不同锌离子活度下研究了水稻锌高效营养的遗传特性。结果表明,水稻秧苗含锌量和单位锌营养效率虽然存在不同程度的遗传变异,但主要受基因型与环境互作效应的影响,显性与环境互作效应方差在总方差中占57.50%～68.35%,加性与环境互作效应方差在总方差中占10.49%～24.44%。水稻的耐低锌能力与干物质分配(冠/根比)、锌运输能力和锌利用效率有关,它们主要受基因的显性效应控制,其次受基因的加性效应控制。     

不同时期施锌对旱稻籽粒锌积累的影响

为了探明不同时期施锌肥对旱稻籽粒锌积累的影响,在田间条件下对两个旱稻供试品种(巴西陆稻和旱稻502)进行不同时期施锌肥(100 kg/hm~2 ZnSO_4·7H_2O)处理(基施或花前7 d土壤追施),收获期对旱稻各器官锌含量进行测定和分析.结果表明,与对照(未施锌)和基施锌肥相比,花前7 d追施锌肥能显著增加地上部生物量和籽粒产量.施锌肥两处理均显著提高了旱稻地上部锌积累量.与基施锌肥相比,花前7 d施锌肥更能增加旱稻糙米中锌的含量,但在巴西陆稻上两种施锌方法对籽粒产量的增加均不显著.     

高锌水稻研究进展

锌是影响人类健康的重要元素。水稻作为世界上主要的粮食作物之一,其籽粒尤其是精米中的锌含量非常低,因此,开发高锌含量的水稻极为重要。本文综述了高锌水稻的研究进展,包括不同水稻基因型间锌含量差异及其生物有效性,通过施肥和接种植物生长促生菌等农艺措施以及常规、诱变和转基因育种方法提高水稻中的锌含量,以期为生产高锌水稻提供参考。     

大田条件下水稻锌营养强化方法探究及效果评估

通过田间试验,在水稻(华粳7号)分蘖期及扬花期进行施锌处理,研究在高施锌水平下水稻各器官锌含量的变化。结果表明,水稻各器官锌含量随施锌量的增加而增加,其中茎的增幅最大,叶次之。茎、叶、穗锌含量最高可分别达到666.7、461.6、185.5mg/kg。分蘖期施锌最多可使水稻糙米锌含量提高28.7%,而扬花期施锌最多可提高142.6%。由重复试验得出,扬花期施锌可稳定提高糙米锌含量,在水稻锌营养强化能力及稳定性上,扬花期施锌优于分蘖期。通过食用经强化后的大米,居民每日锌膳食摄入量可达到中国营养学会推荐的12.5mg。本研究结果对通过土施锌肥实现水稻籽粒锌水平的提升及解决我国居民普遍存在的锌营养摄入不足的现状具有理论和实际的指导意义。     

锌肥品种与施用方法对水稻产量和锌含量的影响

【目的】 鉴于在缺锌土壤上施用锌肥不仅可提高水稻产量,而且也能显著提高水稻籽粒锌含量,本研究旨在揭示不同品种锌肥和施用方法在提高水稻产量和籽粒锌含量方面的差异。 【方法】 以水稻品种‘镇稻 11 号’为供试材料,于 2011 年 5 月至 2012 年 11 月在大田条件下设置 4 组试验:试验 1,富锌稻种的生产制备与籽粒锌含量的染色鉴定试验,设水稻常规种植(CK)和生育期连续喷施 5 次硫酸锌(ZnSO₄·7H₂O,Zn) 2 个处理;试验 2,不同品种锌肥土壤施用试验,设不施锌肥对照(S1)、土施 ZnSO₄·7H₂O (S2)、土施氮锌复合肥(Urea-Zn,S3)、土施磷锌复合肥(Mosaic-Zn,S4)、土施钾锌复合肥(Kali-Zn,S5)、富锌种苗移栽(S6)和 ZnSO₄·7H₂O 蘸秧根移栽(S7) 7 个处理;试验 3,不同品种锌肥叶面喷施试验,设不施锌肥对照(F1)、孕穗期喷施 ZnSO₄·7H₂O (F2)、开花期喷施 ZnSO₄·7H₂O (F3)、孕穗期和开花期各喷施 ZnSO₄·7H₂O (F4)、开花期与农药一起喷施 ZnSO₄·7H₂O (F5)、开花期喷施 Kali-EPSO-Zn(F6)和开花期喷施 ADOB-IDHA-Zn(F7) 7 个处理;试验 4,富锌稻种育苗种植比较试验,设常规稻种(CK-grain)和富锌稻种(Zn-grain)育苗种植 2 个处理,研究其对水稻产量及构成、各器官(叶片、茎秆和籽粒)锌含量和累积分配的影响。 【结果】 1) 在水稻生育期进行叶面高浓度和高强度的喷锌方式可制备富锌稻种,且可采用双硫腙(DTZ)染色直观鉴定籽粒锌含量。2) 施用锌肥显著提高水稻产量和锌含量,且不同锌肥品种和施用方法间差异显著。3) 土壤施锌各处理平均增产效果显著高于叶面喷锌 5.2%;与土壤施锌处理相比,叶面喷锌各处理的叶片、茎秆和籽粒锌含量的平均值则分别显著提高 224.6%、78.5% 和 12.1%。4) 在土壤施锌条件下,不同锌肥品种中氮锌复合肥 (S3) 和钾锌复合肥 (S5) 的增产效果显著高于磷锌复合肥 (S4),而在叶面喷锌条件下,以 Kali-EPSO-Zn 处理 (F6) 提高水稻各器官锌含量的能力显著高于 ADOB-IDHA-Zn 处理 (F7) 和 ZnSO₄·7H₂O 处理 (F3)。5) 较常规稻种 (CK-grain),应用富锌稻种 (Zn-grain) 育苗种植的水稻产量和籽粒锌含量分别提高 4.6% 和 3.9%。 【结论】 结合锌肥土施增加水稻产量和喷施增加籽粒锌含量的田间应用效果,因地制宜地综合采用土施氮锌复合肥和喷施钾锌复合肥的配合施肥方法以及选用富锌稻种育苗种植,可协同实现最佳的锌肥利用效率、最大程度地稳产增产和提高稻米的锌营养品质。      

Zinc Concentration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains and Allocation in Plants as Affected by Different Zinc Fertilization Strategies

Concern over the food chain transfer of zinc (Zn) is increasing because of its importance in human health. A field experiment was conducted on a low Zn soil to determine the effect of different Zn fertilization strategies on grain Zn concentration and Zn allocation in different plant tissues of rice. Six treatments were used: (1) no Zn fertilization; (2) soil fertilization at transplanting; (3) Zn soil fertilization at transplanting and flowering; (4) foliar application during grain filling; (5) foliar applications during tillering, flowering, and grain filling; and (6) combination of treatments 3 and 5. Zn fertilization significantly increased Zn concentration in brown rice. The largest effect on grain Zn was observed by combination of soil and foliar applications. The increase in brown rice was much smaller (20%) than the increase in the vegetative parts (100%), indicating that grain Zn concentration of rice is not strongly increased by Zn fertilization. More increased Zn by Zn fertilization was allocated into straw not into grain. From the perspective of human nutrition, it seems that there is too little scope to enhance Zn concentration in rice by fertilization alone. the major bottleneck to increase Zn concentration in rice grain seems to be internal translocation/retranslocation of Zn from shoot to panicle or from rachis to grain, rather than root uptake of Zn from the soil.     

氮锌肥配施对南方香粳稻产量和品质的影响

【目的】研究氮锌肥配施对南方香粳稻产量和外观加工品质、蒸煮食味品质、香气的影响,为南方香粳稻的调优栽培提供科学依据。【方法】田间试验于2020和2021年在扬州大学试验基地进行,供试粳稻品种为宁香粳9号和南粳46。在施锌(+Zn)和不施锌(Zn0)条件下,分别设3个施氮水平：0 (N0)、180 kg/hm²(N180)、270 kg/hm²(N270),共6个处理。于收获期,测定产量和产量构成因素,分析籽粒加工外观、食味和香气品质。【结果】提高氮肥用量可显著增加香粳稻产量,而施用锌肥对香粳稻产量无显著影响,+ZnN270处理宁香粳9号和南粳46产量均最高,分别达10.48 t/hm²和10.40 t/hm²;相同氮肥用量下,增施锌肥对产量没有显著影响。宁香粳9号和南粳46的最佳稻米加工和外观品质均以+ZnN270处理最优。在相同氮肥用量下,施用锌肥改善了香粳稻的加工和外观品质。与N0处理相比,在N180和N270处理下两品种的直链淀粉含量下降了8.44%～13.16%,蛋白质含量增加了9.79%～...     

Integration of Soil pH with Soil‐Test Values of Zinc for Prediction of Yield Response in Rice Grown in Mollisols

Seventeen Mollisols having pH_(1:2) in the range of 6.00 to 8.42 were analyzed with five extractants, and the extractable zinc (Zn) ranges were 0.84 to 2.75 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.3), 0.91 to 2.72 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate (pH 7.6), 1.82 to 7.18 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for Mehlich 3, 1.22 to 3.83 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + ammonium carbonate, and 0.88 to 1.18 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for 1 mol L^?1 magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) (pH 6.0). Zinc extracted by DTPA (pH 7.3) and Mehlich 3 showed significant positive correlation with sand content, whereas only Mehlich 3 showed negative correlation with soil pH. All extractants showed significant positive correlation with each other except for 1 mol L^?1 MgCl₂‐extractable Zn, which had significant positive correlation with only Mehlich 3– and EDTA + ammonium carbonate–extractable Zn. A greenhouse experiment showed that Bray's percentage yield of rice was poorly correlated to extractable soil Zn but had a significant and negative linear correlation with soil pH (r = ?0.662, significant at p = 0.01). Total Zn uptake by rice had a significant positive correlation with 1 mol L^?1 MgCl₂– and Mehlich 3–extractable Zn. A proposed parameter (p extractable Zn + p OH^?) involving both soil extractable Zn and pH terms together showed significant and positive correlation with Bray's percentage yield and total Zn uptake of rice. The calculated values of critical limits of soil Zn in terms of the proposed parameter were 14.1699 for DTPA (pH 7.3), 13.9587 for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate, 13.7016 for Mehlich 3, 13.9402 for EDTA + ammonium carbonate, and 14.1810 for 1 mol L^?1 MgCl₂ (pH 6.0). The critical limits of Zn in rice grain and straw were 17.32 and 22.95 mg Zn kg^?1 plant tissue, respectively.     

Effect of summer green manuring crops and zinc fertilizer sources on productivity,Zn-uptake and economics of basmati rice

Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) during summer and rainy seasons (April–November) of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy clay-loam soil (typic Ustochrept) at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc fertilizer sources [ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated zinc (Zn; 12% Zn), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄.7H₂O; 21% Zn), zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO₄.H₂O; 33% Zn), zinc oxide (ZnO; 82% Zn), and ZnSO₄.7H₂O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] and summer green manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata] on productivity, Zn-uptake and economics of basmati rice. Among the summer green manuring crops, Sesbania aculeata accumulated highest amount of total dry matter, 5.46 and 5.77 t ha^?1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice. With the incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, grain and straw yields of basmati rice was 4.89, 5.56 and 9.04, 10.21 t^?1 ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics. Application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) recorded the highest basmati rice grain (5.15 and 5.76 t ha^?1) and straw yields (9.30 and 10.48 t ha^?1) compared to control (no Zn application), which produced 4.09 and 4.75 t ha^?1 of grain and 8.13 and 9.39 t ha^?1 of straw yields, respectively, during 2009 and 2010. Highest Zn concentration in grain and straw and its uptake was recorded with Sesbania aculeata incorporation compared with Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata and summer fallow. Highest total Zn uptake in basmati rice was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application, followed by ZnSO₄.7H₂O (21% Zn), ZnSO₄.H₂O (33% Zn), ZnSO₄.7H₂O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO (82% Zn), and control (no Zn application). Sesbania aculeata incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found a better combination with respect to basmati rice productivity. The best economical returns were obtained with Sesbania aculeata incorporation and ZnSO₄.7H₂O (21% Zn) combination. Thus, adequate Zn fertilization along with green manure crop incorporation can lead to higher productivity of basmati rice.     

Effect of zinc application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and potassium fertilizers under rice-wheat rotation

Apparent utilization of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) fertilizers was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using combinations of no K; soil applied K levels and no Zn; soil and foliar applied Zn. Application of 33.2 kg K ha^?1 in rice and 24.9 kg K ha^?1 in wheat along with foliar spray of 2 kg Zn ha^?1 at 30 and 60 days gave the highest mean grain yields. Foliar application of zinc increased Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain, and straw of rice and wheat and K concentration in flag leaves of rice and straw of wheat significantly. Potassium application increased Zn concentration in rice grain and straw and K concentration in wheat straw significantly. Zinc and K increased the uptake of each other in grain; straw and total uptake by both crops significantly. Zinc fertilizer enhanced the utilization of soil K. Potassium fertilizer enhanced the utilization of applied Zn.     

Reproductive development and grain quality in maize in response to application of Zn alone or with B in soil low in available Zn and B

A pot culture experiment was conducted on a soil marginally deficient in diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable zinc under the glass house conditions of Lucknow University to observe the effect of zinc (Zn) alone and a combination of Zn with boron (B) on the growth and reproductive yield of maize. Studies conducted on plant height, dry matter and reproductive yield and tissue element concentration in leaves and grains at harvest showed significant increase over the control. Activities of enzymes, carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase determined in comparable middle leaves increased with the application of both the nutrients. Pollen diameter, pollen-producing capacity of mature anthers, grain protein, starch and phytate content were also positively correlated with the addition of nutrients. The residual value of available Zn and B in soil left after the removal of crop was found good enough to sustain the next crop.     

ZINC-COATED UREA IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BASMATI RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) UNDER ZINC STRESS CONDITION

A field study conducted for two years (2006 and 2007) at the Research Farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that zinc (Zn) fertilization increased yield attributes, grain and straw yield, enhanced Zn concentrations and its uptake and improved kernel quality before and after cooking in basmati rice ‘Pusa Sugandh 5’. A 2% Zn-coating with zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) was found to be the best but a 2% Zn-coating with zinc oxide (ZnO) was very close to it in terms of grain and straw yield and Zn concentrations in basmati rice grain and straw under Zn stress conditions. Partial factor productivity (PFP) of applied Zn varied from 984–3,387 kg grain kg Zn^?1, agronomic efficiency (AE) varied from 212–311 kg grain kg^?1 Zn (applied) and physiological efficiency (PE) of Zn varied from 6,384–17,077 kg grain kg^?1 Zn (absorbed). Thus, adequate Zn fertilization of basmati rice can lead to higher grain yield and Zn-denser grains with improved cooking quality in basmati rices under Zn stress soil conditions.     

硅锌硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响

水稻是典型的喜锌、喜硅和低度需硼作物,而我国红壤区土壤中硅、硼、锌等主要中微量元素含量普遍偏低,施用硅、锌、硼对水稻生产存在重大影响。以早稻品种中嘉早17和晚稻品种H优518为试验材料,研究硅、锌、硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,早稻季Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理产量分别显著增加8.6%和12.6%,晚稻季仅Si+Zn+B处理产量显著增加10.6%;早稻季Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数、结实率和千粒重均显著高于CK处理(P0.05),晚稻季仅Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数显著增加;早稻和晚稻群体总颖花量与产量之间呈极显著线性正相关关系(P0.001)。与CK处理相比,增施硅、锌、硼后各生育期分蘖数、叶面积指数、SPAD值、生物量积累均有增加的趋势,其中Si+Zn+B处理增加幅度最大。除早稻季Si处理外,早稻季和晚稻季增施硅、锌、硼肥后各处理地上部群体氮素吸收总量均显著高于对照,且Si+Zn+B处理显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。因此,在红壤区双季稻生产中应重视硅、锌、硼等中微量元素的平衡施用,尤其是温度条件较低的早稻季更应重视这些元素的施用。