硅锌硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响

水稻是典型的喜锌、喜硅和低度需硼作物,而我国红壤区土壤中硅、硼、锌等主要中微量元素含量普遍偏低,施用硅、锌、硼对水稻生产存在重大影响。以早稻品种中嘉早17和晚稻品种H优518为试验材料,研究硅、锌、硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,早稻季Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理产量分别显著增加8.6%和12.6%,晚稻季仅Si+Zn+B处理产量显著增加10.6%;早稻季Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数、结实率和千粒重均显著高于CK处理(P0.05),晚稻季仅Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数显著增加;早稻和晚稻群体总颖花量与产量之间呈极显著线性正相关关系(P0.001)。与CK处理相比,增施硅、锌、硼后各生育期分蘖数、叶面积指数、SPAD值、生物量积累均有增加的趋势,其中Si+Zn+B处理增加幅度最大。除早稻季Si处理外,早稻季和晚稻季增施硅、锌、硼肥后各处理地上部群体氮素吸收总量均显著高于对照,且Si+Zn+B处理显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。因此,在红壤区双季稻生产中应重视硅、锌、硼等中微量元素的平衡施用,尤其是温度条件较低的早稻季更应重视这些元素的施用。

Effect of combined use of silicon,zinc and boron fertilizers on grain yield and population development of double-cropping rice in the red soil region of China

The nutrients of silicon, boron, zinc are crucially important for the growth of rice, while these and other trace ele-ments are generally low in the red soil region of China. In this paper, the varieties of Zhongjiazao 17 ( early-rice) and Hyou 518 ( late-rice) were used as the experiment materials to study the effect of combined use of silicon, zinc and boron fertilizers on grain yield and population development of double-cropping rice in the red soil region of China. The results showed that com-pared with CK, grain yields of early-rice were significantly increased by 8. 6% for Si+Zn treatment and 12. 6% for Si+Zn+B treatment, and the yields of late-rice increased notably by 10. 6% for Si+Zn+B treatment (P<0. 05). The grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight for Si+Zn+B treatment were significantly higher than CK in early-rice season (P<0. 05), while only the grain number per panicle for Si+Zn and Si+Zn+B treatments were significantly increased in late-rice season. Regression analysis with these treatments showed that the population spikelets per unit area were remarkably correlated with the grain yields (P<0. 001). Compared with CK, the number of productive tillers, leaf area index, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation per area were increased after the using of silicon, zinc and boron fertilizers during the double rice growing periods, particularly in Si+Zn+B treatment. In addition, the nitrogen uptake was obviously higher in the treat-ments with silicon, zinc and boron fertilizers application than CK, except for Si treatment in early-rice season. The results suggested that balanced use of medium trace elements should be considered, such as silicon, zinc, boron for double-cropping rice production, especially in early-rice season under low temperature conditions in the red soil region of China.