岷江上游1974-1995年间景观变化

Landscape changes were traced over the 20 years from 1974 to 1995 in the upper Minjiang River basin, one of the most important forest regions in China, based on satellite image interpretation to provide basic data for local decision-making as well as sustainable landscape use and management. Results revealed that landscape from 1974 to 1995 changed at the regional scale as the area of forestland decreased, while cropland, shrubland, economic forest, grassland, and built-up land increased. Landscape changes mainly occurred in forestland, shrubland, grassland, economic forest, and built-up land. Moreover, the changes among forestland, shrubland, and grassland were the largest, influencing the whole characteristics of the changes in the basin. Analysis of the changes between 1974 and 1995 in the study area indicated that landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation increased, whereas landscape connectivity decreased. There were multiple reasons for landscape changes. A principal component analysis （PCA） was used to quantitatively study driving forces of landscape changes. The PCA results showed that economic and population factors were the principal driving forces of landscape changes from 1974 to 1995 in the upper Minjiang River basin, and that PCA was a suitable method for investigating driving forces of landscape changes.     

厦门市土地利用变化的时空格局及驱动力

Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11 304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10 152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1） urbanization and industrialization, 2） infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3） increased affluence of the farming community, and 4） policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection.     

黄河三角洲耕地变化及其驱动力的卫星遥感分析

Taking Kenli County in the Yellow River Delta, China, as the study area and using digital satellite remote sensing techniques, cultivated land use changes and their corresponding driving forces were explored in this study. An interactive interpretation and a manual modification procedure were carried out to acquire cultivated land information. An overlay method based on classification results and a visual change detection method which was supported by land use maps were employed to detect the cultivated land changes. Based on the changes that were revealed and a spatial analysis between cultivated land use and related natural and socio-economic factors, the driving forces for cultivated land use changes in the study area were determined. The results showed a decrease in cultivated land in Kenli County of 5321.8 ha from 1987 to 1998, i.e., an average annual decrement of 483.8 ha, which occurred mainly in the central paddy field region and the northeast dry land region. Adverse human activities, soil salinization and water deficiencies were the driving forces that caused these cultivated land use changes.     

不同轮作制度下土壤中不稳定有机碳组分的变化

Taking Kenli County in the Yellow River Delta, China, as the study area and using digital satellite remote sensing techniques, cultivated land use changes and their corresponding driving forces were explored in this study. An interactive interpretation and a manual modification procedure were carried out to acquire cultivated land information. An overlay method based on classification results and a visual change detection method which was supported by land use maps were employed to detect the cultivated land changes. Based on the changes that were revealed and a spatial analysis between cultivated land use and related natural and socio-economic factors, the driving forces for cultivated land use changes in the study area were determined. The results showed a decrease in cultivated land in Kenli County of 5321.8 ha from 1987 to 1998, i.e., an average annual decrement of 483.8 ha, which occurred mainly in the central paddy field region and the northeast dry land region. Adverse human activities, soil salinization and water deficiencies were the driving forces that caused these cultivated land use changes.     

福建省土地适宜性及使用变化研究

To present the current status of land quality and distribution and the trends in land use change, the physical suitability of cropland and forestland and the associated changes in Fujian Province were evaluated and analyzed using data obtained from geographical information systems （GIS） and remote sensing （RS）. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, first class suitable cropland accounted for only 4.21%, whereas unsuitable cropland accounted for 84.78%. The percentage of first class suitable cropland in the southeastern region （5.32%） was much higher than that in the northwestern area （2.91%）. Only 13.63% of the existing cropland area consisted of first class cropland and 70.08% was classified as unsuitable for cultivation. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, the first class forestland comprised 55.25% and the unsuitable forestland （including third class） comprised 21.2%. The percentage of unsuitable forest area in the existing forestland was only 5.5%. From 1996 to 2001, cropland and unused land decreased significantly, whereas forestland and land used for urban and transport increased rapidly. Therefore, the major tasks ahead will be the land development for full grain production potential, the better coordination of allocating land to different uses, and the regulation inappropriate activities that damage agricultural ecosystems.     

基于多时相TM/ETM+数据的浙江省沿海地区土地利用变化研究

Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM＋） images in 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994 and 2001 were used to quantify the land use and land cover changes （LUCC） in the Zhejiang coastal region with a stratified unsupervised classification technique in conjunction with visual interpretation and to attempt an identification of the socioeconomic driving forces. In level I an overall accurate classification was achieved using a modified Anderson＇s Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ-level classification scheme. The overall accuracy of the land use classification at Anderson level Ⅰ were 89.7% （1985）, 91.6% （1993）, and 90.4% （2001）. The most rapid land use change was a dramatic increase in urban or built-up areas, which quadrupled from 1985 to 2001. Over 90% of this newly expanded built-up area was originally paddy fields or other croplands. In different parts of the Zhejiang coastal region, urban land expansion was spatially uneven. Temporally, land use development did not stabilized, and the two study periods of time （1985-1993 and 1993-2001） had different transition styles. Socioeconomic factors, such as gross domestic product, total population, and financial expenditure, were all highly correlated with the expansion of urban or built-up areas. Based on the degree of urban sprawl and socioeconomic factors, cities and towns were further divided into six subgroups, which may help decision makers improve land use for the region.     

应用数字遥感图像对泰国Chanthaburi省土地利用动态的监测

A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand.RS(Remote Sensing),GIS(Geographical Information System),GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined bythe method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by stekps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification.An integration of automatic image interpretation,ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized.Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images of bands 3,4 and 5 obtained on December 15,1992,and January 17,1999,were used for image gprocessing and spatial data analysis in the study.the overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%,which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land,urban and traffic land,barren land,bush and agricultural developing area increased in area,mangrove,paddy field,swamp and marsh land,orchard and plantation,and tropical grass land decreased,and the forest land kept almost stable.Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management.     

土壤微食物网对旱改水不同稻作年限土地利用变化的响应

Land use changes affect belowground ecosystems.During the past few decades,land use in Northeast China has changed considerably,and the area of paddy fields has increased rapidly from upland.In this study,soil characteristics and soil biotic community in paddy fields with different years of rice cultivation were measured to examine the effects of land use change from upland to paddy fields on soil micro-food web.The upland maize fields were selected as control and the microbial community composition was characterized using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis.The microbial biomass (total PLFA),bacteria biomass,and fungi biomass were higher in the 20-40-year (late-stage) than 1-10-year (early-stage) paddy fields.The abundances of total nematodes and bacterivores were lower in the early-stage than late-stage paddy fields.The abundance of herbivores was the highest in the early-stage paddy fields but that of omnivore-predators was the highest in the late-stage paddy fields.Structural equation model indicated that soil food web was developed and structured after 20 years of paddy cultivation.Our results suggested that soil micro-food web may be a good indicator for soil development and stabilization of paddy fields following land use change.     

珠江三角洲土地利用/覆盖变化对地表温度的影响

Remote sensing and geographic information systems （GIS） technologies were used to detect land use/cover changes （LUCC） and to assess their impacts on land surface temperature （LST） in the Zhujiang Delta. Multi-temporal Landsat TM and Landsat ETM＋ data were employed to identify patterns of LUCC as well as to quantify urban expansion and the associated decrease of vegetation cover. The thermal infrared bands of the data were used to retrieve LST, The results revealed a strong and uneven urban growth, which caused LST to raise 4.56℃ in the newly urbanized part of the study area. Overall, remote sensing and GIS technologies were effective approaches for monitoring and analyzing urban growth patterns and evaluating their impacts on LST.     

基于SLEUTH模型的城市扩张场景预测与分析

Scenario prediction was introduced to better understand urban dynamics and to support urban planning. Taking the Dongguan central urban area of the Pearl River Delta, China as an example, three urban development scenarios, historical trend (HT) scenario, forest protection (FP) scenario, and growth restriction (GR) scenario, were designed and transplanted into the SLEUTH model through the parameter self-modification method. The quantitative analysis results showed that the urban area would expand continuously from 2003 to 2030 under the HT scenario. More land resources would be saved under the GR scenario than FP scenario. Furthermore, the urban growth under the HT and FP scenarios would come to a steady state by 2020, while this deadline of the GR scenario would be postponed to 2025. The spatial pattern analysis using five spatial metrics, class area, number of patches, largest patch index, edge density, and contagion index, showed that under all the scenarios, the urban patches would become bigger and the form would become more compact, and the urban form under the GR scenario would be the smallest and most heterogeneous. These demonstrated that the GR scenario was more effective in meeting the goal of land protection and sustainable development for the study area.     

1986-2007年重庆主城区土地利用变化及其驱动因素研究

以重庆主城区为研究区域,利用1986年、2000年和2007年3期的遥感影像和地形图,运用人机交互目视解译方法以及GIS的空间分析和数理统计功能,获得重庆主城区土地利用现状、土地利用类型转移矩阵、土地利用动态度和综合程度变化指数等专题图、数据,并结合社会经济及人口数据,对重庆主城区土地利用的时空变化的驱动力进行了分析。结果显示:(1)1986—2007年间研究区建设用地面积迅速扩大,耕地面积持续下降,林地和灌丛面积有所增加,水体的变化比例一直很小;(2)土地利用类型的变化主要是耕地与建设用地和林地之间的相互转移;(3)1986—2007年间,研究区土地利用变化强度较大,其中以灌丛和建筑用地的单一土地利用动态度增幅最为显著,此外,研究区1986—2007年间的土地利用程度指数呈显著增长;(4)主城区土地利用变化的主要驱动因子是人口增长和经济发展,同时还受到地形、交通、政府政策、城市规划及人们环保意识提高的影响。总体来看,经济发展是土地利用变化的主导因素。     

县域耕地占补时空变化及其规划管控效果——以江苏省南通市通州区为例

[目的]分析2001—2010年江苏省南通市通州区耕地占补的时空特征,初步探讨县级土地利用总体规划对耕地占补的管控效果,为进一步改进土地利用总体规划的编制与实施提供科学依据。[方法]以通州区2001和2010年2个时期的土地利用动态数据为基础,采用GIS空间分析方法,分析该区2001—2010年耕地时空变化。[结果](1)2001—2010年通州区耕地总面积由92 503.47hm2减少到72 466.52hm2,补充速度慢于占用速度,占用和补充的水田比例都较高。(2)耕地占用的主要去向是建设占用,96.80%是农村居民点占用,耕地补充的主要来源是建设用地,水域及其他农用地,其中农村居民点整理补充耕地的比例为71.67%。(3)耕地占用主要集中在通州区西北部和中部地区,耕地补充主要集中于研究区中部以及北部地区。(4)从空间规模与空间结构控制效果来看,通州区土地利用总体规划在2001—2010年对耕地占补的管控效果较差,对具体地类而言,对新增城镇工矿占用耕地的管控效果要优于农村居民点用地。[结论]2001—2010年通州区耕地总面积减少,其占用的主要去向和补充的主要来源均是建设用地,且呈现一定的空间分布规律,土地利用总体规划对耕地占补的管控效果较差。     

Analysis of Land use and Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh using Landsat Imagery

Coastal land use across the globe has experienced remarkable rapid change over the recent decades because of extraordinary anthropogenic pressure and climate variability and change. Therefore, quantitative information about coastal land use change is imperative for effective management and planning resources for sustainable development. We analysed the quantitative land use and land cover changes during 1989–2000–2010 periods in three important agroecological zones of the most vulnerable coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat images (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). In the Ganges Tidal Floodplain, the area under shrimp cultivation greatly increased at the rate of 2·05% per annum. The majority of the shrimp area gained from conversion of single cropland. In the Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, decreased mudflat and water bodies were observed, which was predominantly converted into cropland. In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan–shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. The approach adopted in study and the results obtained from the study would likely be useful for policy making and identifying direction for future studies on the coastal land use in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于CA-Markov的哈尔滨市土地利用变化及预测

为探讨哈尔滨城市化进程中土地利用时空演变规律以及驱动机制。该文以1989年、2001年和2007年LandsatTM影像为数据源,借助于地学信息谱图理论,运用RS和GIS技术分析研究区域18a土地利用格局变化,以2007年土地利用格局为基础,利用CA-Markov模型和并引入终极状态概率,预测2025年土地利用情况和平衡状态下土地利用空间分布格局。研究结果表明:区域土地利用格局以耕地为主,其面积比例均超过60%,其次是林地和居民工矿用地;稳定型图谱空间分布广泛,占研究区域总面积比例最大,"耕地→耕地→耕地"是其面积最大的变化图谱,"林地→林地→林地"次之,持续变化型所占比例最小,"未利用地→林地→耕地"是其面积最大的变化图谱;CA-Markov模型预测结果表明从2025年到土地利用终极状态期间,耕地面积持续减少,居民工矿用地持续增加,耕地→居民工矿用地是其主要转化轨迹,其他地类变化量相对较小,基本上处于动态平衡状态中,该文为土地利用合理规划、生态恢复和区域经济发展提供依据。     

快速城市化地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析——以广东省东莞市为例

以东莞市为研究区域,利用5期不同时相的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,从土地利用数量变化、土地利用重心转移和土地利用变化的空间分异特征3方面探讨了研究区的土地利用变化特征,并采用定性与定量相结合的方法从自然和人文两方面分析了土地利用变化的驱动因素。研究结果表明:(1)1988—2005年,东莞市土地利用变化总的态势是耕地大幅减少,城镇用地迅速扩张。(2)各土地利用类型重心转移距离较大,且农业用地的重心转移方向和城镇用地重心转移方向大致相反。(3)耕地分布的空间正相关性减弱,城镇用地分布的空间正相关性增强。(4)经济发展与人口增长是东莞市土地利用变化的主要驱动因素;由于地形条件的限制,土地利用变化剧烈的区域主要集中在海拔低、坡度缓的区域。     

基于MCE-CA-Markov的三峡库区土地利用演变模拟及预测

为深入研究三峡库区蓄水以来土地利用演变规律及驱动机制,该研究以库区2000、2007及2014年的Landsat TM遥感影像作为数据源,在运用ARCGIS10.1对库区土地利用现状进行分析的基础上;基于多标准评价(multi-criteria evaluation,MCE)的元胞自动机和马尔可夫链(CA-Markov)模拟库区自组织的土地利用演变;并利用多时相的遥感分类图像检验MCE-CA-Markov的模拟精度,经检验,其Kappa系数达到0.9712;利用检验过的土地利用演变限制条件及因子组合来对库区2028年土地利用进行预测.研究结果表明:运用MCE-CA-Markov模拟土地利用演变规律是可行的;在2000—2014年间,库区土地利用变化图谱面积由大到小排序为稳定变化型>后期变化型>前期变化型>反复变化型>持续变化型;模拟得到库区2014年土地利用格局与解译的土地利用格局一致,相对精度达到84.48%;预测到2028年时,库区耕地、林地及草地继续减少,水域、建设用地及未利用地持续增加,预测结果表明三峡库区土地利用变化十分活跃,生态环境恢复和重建的压力很大.因此,迫切需要加强三峡库区耕地、林地和草地的保护,控制和阻止盲目开垦耕地的行为,促进库区生态环境的保护和改善.研究结果以期为三峡库区土地利用规划、城市建设以及生态环境修复提供理论支撑.     

秦巴山区土地利用时空格局及地形梯度效应

自然景观的垂直地带性为区域土地利用的垂直景观格局奠定了基础,同时也决定了垂直景观带上土地利用的强度及其变化情况。该文采用地形位指数、分布指数、土地利用程度综合指数和土地利用信息图谱法等,分析了1989-2010年秦巴山区土地利用格局的地形梯度效应和图谱信息,揭示地形控制下土地利用时空格局和土地转移的变化规律。结果表明:1)秦巴山区土地利用以林地和耕地为主,呈西林东耕分布;1989-2010年间林地减少显著,建设用地增加明显,其中耕地是建设用地主要转入来源,林、草地是耕地主要转入来源。2)秦巴山区各生态亚区用地类型差异明显,各生态亚区土地利用转移方向也存在差异性。3)秦巴山区土地利用强度指数呈东高西低,中高周低的态势;土地利用强度变化率稳定少动,增加趋势不明显;土地利用动态度呈中高周低的态势,整体变化不大。4)水域、建设用地和耕地主要集中在地形起伏度小和坡度小的低地形位,且耕地主要转移为其他两种用地类型,建设用地有向中低地形位分布的趋势。林地和草地集中在地形起伏大、坡度陡的中高地形位,且存在着相互转移演替现象,中低地形位往往是耕地、林地、草地间的相互转换,未来势必加强坡耕地和低山丘陵区林草地的管治工作。     

Soil capability as a predictor of cropland change in Alberta,Canada from 1988 to 2010

Understanding the mutual influences between cropland use and soil characteristics is important in anticipating and planning for food production, environmental protection and resource sustainability. Numerous studies focus on the relationship between crop rotations and soil characteristics at a microscale, but fewer studies focus on the relationships between soil capability and cropland use and change at a medium scale. We explore how soil capability has influenced cropland changes over 22 yr, using statistical and land use transition analysis. Landsat images from the years 1988, 2002 and 2010 were used to map cropland changes by soil capability class within a pilot site in Alberta, Canada. Between the late 1980s and 2010: (i) the area of annual crops increased substantially while that of forest and summer‐fallow decreased; (ii) changes in cropland use among annual crops, perennial crops and summer‐fallow differed substantially depending on soil capability; and (iii) a transition from annual crops and summer‐fallow to perennial crops was more likely on land of poorer soil capability, whereas the transition from perennial crops and summer‐fallow to annual crops was more likely on land with higher soil capability. The changes in land use practices identified in this study indicate that producers are actively intensifying production on their best land to optimize profitability while simultaneously reducing the intensity of production on poorer land for either financial or environmental reasons, or both.     

快速城市化地区土地利用变化研究——以广东省东莞市为例

以东莞市为研究区域,利用1988年、1995年、1998年、2002年和2005年5期不同时相的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,从土地利用变化幅度、土地利用变化速率、土地利用重心转移和土地利用变化空间分异特征四方面探讨了研究区的土地利用变化。结果表明:(1)1988—2005年,东莞市土地利用变化总的态势是耕地大幅减少、城镇用地迅速扩张,大量的农业用地转化为城镇用地,城镇用地快速扩张和耕地大量流失是研究区土地利用变化的主要特征。(2)从土地利用变化的空间特征来看,各土地利用类型重心的转移距离都较大,且农业用地的重心转移方向和城镇用地重心转移方向大致相反;耕地分布的空间正相关性明显减弱,城镇用地分布的空间正相关性明显增强。