浅谈河津市水土保持生态环境建设

河津市地处山西省西南部的吕梁山南麓,总土地面积592.3 km2,水土流失面积308 km2,占52%。截至2005年底,全市累积治理水土流失面积182.50 km2,治理度59%。由于开发建设项目较多,人为造成的新的水土流失较严重。今后的水土保持对策:一要明确思路,加强领导;二要明确方向,分区治理;三要依法管理,加强保护;四要推广科技,提高水平;五要培育大户,封禁治理。     

创新机制 积极推进淮河源头水保生态建设

桐柏县是淮河的发源地,总土地面积1941km2,其中水土流失面积1300km2。截至2001年底,已治理水土流失673km2。"九五"以来,全县每年治理水土流失30km2,建成了一批精品小流域,培育壮大了区域主导产业,预防监督工作步入了规范化轨道。其主要做法是理清思路,创新机制,依靠科技,综合治理,搞好开发,加强宣传和领导,强化部门协作,确保水土保持工作健康顺利进行。     

农业综合开发水土保持项目实施成效与经验

2011-2013年,朝阳县被列入国家农业综合开发东北黑土区水土流失重点治理项目县。项目区土地总面积85.55 km2,涉及陈杖子等4条小流域,水土流失面积62.93 km2,规划综合治理面积47.78 km2。经过3年的综合治理,圆满完成了规划治理任务。介绍了项目实施情况、综合效益及主要经验。     

丹河流域经济翻番实践综述

丹河小流域位于山东省临朐县卧龙镇东北部 ,属典型的低山丘陵沟壑区 ,面积为 2 6 2 9km2 ,水土流失面积达18km2 。 1998年 ,卧龙镇把国家农业综合开发土地治理和多种经营项目纳入总体规划方案 ,确定以林果基地建设和丹河沿岸滩涂开发为重点 ,将小流域建设成农业商品生产基地。经 3a治理开发 ,丹河上游、中游和下游分别建成了优质桃杏基地、优质高效林果种植区和优质李子基地 ;丹河两岸滩涂建成了观光高效农业带 ;农业现代化已见雏形。     

天水市水土保持生态建设成效显著

正"十二五"以来,甘肃省天水市先后启动实施了中央预算内小流域综合治理、坡耕地水土流失综合整治、国家农业综合开发等水土保持重点项目,总投资26 613.81万元,治理水土流失面积1 428.01 km2,兴修水平梯田101 233.33 hm2。在全市水土保持生态建设中,以治理促开发,以开发保治理,形成了以小流域为单元,以梯田建设为重     

搞好水保生态建设 实现运城山川秀美

运城市水土流失面积 8491km2 ,年输入黄河泥沙 4110 6万t。“十五”期间全市水土流失初步治理面积每年以 1 33万hm2 的速度增加 ,到 2 0 0 0年底已累计完成水土流失初步治理面积 436 9km2 。治理水土流失、改善生态环境是山丘区群众脱贫致富的基础工程 ,把水保与水利有机结合起来是发展山丘区高效农业的有效途径 ,2 1世纪前 10年拟抓好治理、监督两个重点 ,推行治理机制、投资体制改革 ,抓好小流域和“四荒”治理开发。     

搞好水保生态建设 实现运城山川秀美

运城市水土流失面积8491km2,年输入黄河泥沙4110.6万t"十五”期间全市水土流失初步冶理面积每年以1.33万hm2的速度增加,到2000年底已累计完成水土流失初步治理面积4369km治理水土流失、改善生态环境是山丘区群众脱贫致富的基础工程,把水保与水利有机结合起来是发展山丘区高效农业的有效途径,21世纪前10年拟抓好治理、监督两个重点,推行治理机制、投资体制改革,抓好小流域和"四荒”治理开发     

高平市生态清洁小流域建设探讨

高平市位于国家太行山水土流失重点治理区,全市共有水土流失面积807 km2,其中轻度侵蚀124.63 km2,中度侵蚀643.16 km2,强烈侵蚀39.21 km2。多年来,以小流域为单元,坚持综合治理、连续治理、集中治理,先后治理小流域96条,治理水土流失面积438.35 km2,治理度达到54.32%。在生态文明建设的新形势下,传统的小流域治理已不能满足全市经济社会发展的需求,迫切需要探索生态优先、绿色发展的生态清洁小流域新路子。分析了传统小流域治理存在的问题,论述了建设生态清洁小流域的必要性与建设思路。     

深化灵丘县水土流失防治的思考

灵丘县总土地面积2 732 km2,水土流失面积2 402 km2,占87.9%。至2012年底,累计治理水土流失面积808.7 km2,治理度33.67%。根据水土保持现状与目前存在的问题,提出了强化沟道水土流失防控、加强生态清洁型小流域建设、加强自然修复与生态植被建设、扎实开展水土保持新技术推广、建立稳定的投入保障机制、抓好水土保持法制与监督管理、强化乡镇政府的水土保持责任等水土保持思路。     

以法为盾 保护水土 全面推进黑龙江省水土保持生态建设

黑龙江省水土流失严重 ,水土流失面积占全省总面积的 2 9 8% ,年土壤侵蚀总量达 2亿多t。到 2 0 0 0年底 ,累计审批水土保持方案 870 0件 ,收缴水土流失防治费近 2 819万元 ,收罚没款 181 2万元。全省共治理水土流失面积32 2 80 6km2 ,转让“四荒”面积 12 0 95万hm2 (其中 6 1 4%已得到开发治理 )。近期目标是每年治理水土流失面积 2 2 0 0km2 ,到 2 0 10年重点地区的水土流失得到初步治理     

河道堤防滩地的水土流失及其防治

平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.