2种含铁材料对水稻土中砷和重金属生物有效性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究添加2种含铁材料(Fe(OH)3、FeCl3)对污染水稻土壤中As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn生物有效性的影响。结果表明,添加Fe(OH)3对土壤As交换态含量没有显著的影响,添加FeCl3显著降低了土壤As交换态含量,添加量为0.50g/kg时,土壤As交换态含量比对照下降46%。添加Fe(OH)3使土壤Pb、Cu交换态含量显著降低,2.00g/kg的添加量使Pb、Cu交换态含量分别下降63%,74%。添加FeCl3使土壤Pb、Cd、Zn交换态含量显著升高,2.00g/kg的添加量使Pb、Cd、Zn交换态含量分别升高3 834%,247%,1 744%。添加Fe(OH)3对糙米中无机As和重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量没有显著的影响,添加FeCl3显著降低了糙米中无机As含量,但显著提高了糙米中Pb、Cu含量,1.00g/kg的添加量使糙米中无机As含量降低33%,Pb、Cu含量分别升高147%,50%。表明添加FeCl3能有效降低土壤As的生物有效性,但提高了土壤重金属的生物有效性。添加Fe(OH)3对土壤pH无显著影响,而添加FeCl3能显著降低土壤pH值,这是FeCl3能有效固定土壤As,提高土壤重金属交换态含量的重要原因之一。     

赤泥对污染土壤中Cd,Pb和Zn形态及水稻生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了赤泥对污染土壤中Cd,Pb和Zn形态和水稻糙米中Cd,Pb和Zn含量以及水稻生长的影响。结果表明,添加赤泥可有效提高土壤pH,改变土壤中Cd,Pb和Zn的形态,显著降低土壤中交换态Cd,Pb和Zn含量以及水稻糙米中的Cd,Pb和Zn含量。当赤泥施用量为12.5 g kg-1土时,土壤中交换态Cd,Pb和Zn的含量分别比空白对照降低了40.81%、25.68%和38.48%;水稻糙米中Cd,Pb和Zn的含量分别比空白对照降低了70.45%、42.46%和29.19%。与空白对照相比,赤泥施用量为5.0 g kg-1土时,水稻株高、穗长及每盆粒重均显著提高。但当赤泥施用量超过10.0 g kg-1土时水稻生长会受到抑制。在赤泥农业应用时应考虑其施用量及潜在的环境风险,以免影响作物生长。     

长期肥料试验对土壤和水稻微量元素及重金属含量的影响

长期肥料试验会影响土壤中微量元素和重金属状况以及作物对微量元素和重金属的吸收。本文研究了长期的不同施肥处理对土壤、糙米中微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和重金属Pb、Cd含量的影响,结果表明:经17a连续施用猪粪及秸秆还田显著增加了土壤Cu、Zn和Cd全量,而土壤Fe、Mn和Pb全量在不同施肥处理间没有显著差异;施肥增加了土壤有效态Cu、Zn和Fe含量,其中施用猪粪及秸秆还田的3个处理显著增加了土壤有效态Cu、Zn和Cd含量,而土壤有效态Pb含量在不同施肥处理间没有显著差异。不同处理糙米Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和Pb含量变化较小或没有显著性差异,而在3个施猪粪和秸秆还田处理中,糙米Cd含量均超过国家食品卫生标准(>0.2 mg kg-1)。水稻地上部吸收积累Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Pb和Cd总量与其地上部生物量呈正相关,土壤Cu、Zn、Cd有效态与全量含量呈极显著相关关系,而糙米中的镉含量与土壤镉含量有较好的相关关系。长期施用畜粪导致土壤Cd污染问题应引起高度重视。     

组配改良剂对重金属污染土壤-蔬菜系统的修复效果研究

采用大田实验研究复合污染土壤中添加组配改良剂FQ12(沸石∶羟基磷灰石=1∶2)对受污染土壤和蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 4种重金属的影响。结果表明,在添加FQ12后,土壤中重金属交换态含量大幅降低。辣椒可食部位中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量也显著降低,FQ12添加量8.0g/kg时降低效果最好,Pb、Cd、Cu分别降低91.1%,58.3%,95.3%;Zn则是在4.0g/kg时,最大降幅达到89.4%,其他部位也有不同程度降低。在添加FQ12后,在一定程度上可以降低空心菜可食部位中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量。在添加量为8.0g/kg时,4种重金属总量均达到最大降幅,最为明显的是Pb和Cu分别降低55.9%和50.7%,根部各重金属含量变化不大。由此可知,FQ12的施用对2种蔬菜吸收土壤重金属起到有效的抑制作用。     

淹水条件下生物炭对污染土壤重金属有效性及养分含量的影响

以生物炭为改良剂,采用淹水培养方法研究不同添加量生物炭(BC)处理(1%,3%和5%)对污染土壤Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu有效性及养分含量的影响,并用毒性淋出试验(TCLP)法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:与对照相比,添加生物炭土壤中交换态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu分别降低0.15%～24.11%,1.22%～16.09%,0.47%～21.51%,3.05%～77.30%,且表现为随生物炭施用量的增加其降低程度增大。TCLP态Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu含量分别降低0.74%～21.47%,6.67%～47.62%,2.02%～16.74%,0.29%～21.20%,且表现为随生物炭施用量的增加其降低程度增大。与对照相比,添加生物炭后土壤pH上升(-0.01)～0.35个单位,有机质、铵态氮和硝态氮分别增加0.09%～20.02%,1.59%～38.28%和2.74%～90.14%。土壤pH值与土壤交换态Cu含量呈显著负相关,有机质含量与交换态Zn含量呈显著负相关。淹水条件下污染土壤中施用生物炭可降低重金属Zn、Cd、Pb和Cu的有效性和生态风险,提高土壤养分含量,起到改良土壤作用。     

施加脱硫石膏对紫色土壤-水稻系统重金属累积的影响

采用田间试验研究了施加不同用量(2、4、8、16 t·hm~(-2))的脱硫石膏对紫色水稻土重金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu)全量、形态分布和水稻重金属吸收及分配的影响,为脱硫石膏农用的安全性提供科学依据。结果表明:施加脱硫石膏后,土壤Pb全量较对照显著增加14.00%~68.77%(P0.05),脱硫石膏用量低于4 t·hm~(-2)时土壤Cd全量与对照差异不显著,超过该用量时Cd全量较对照显著增加16.28%~19.94%,而土壤Zn、Cu全量与对照无显著差异,且土壤重金属全量均符合《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995);同时施加脱硫石膏后,土壤中Cd可交换态占比降低,残渣态占比增高,并促进Pb的可交换态向有机结合态和铁锰氧化态转化,Zn铁锰氧化态占比增高,对Cu的赋存形态无明显影响;脱硫石膏处理组水稻根、茎叶和籽粒中重金属含量有不同程度的降低,水稻根、茎叶及籽粒对Cd、Pb的富集系数下降,且籽粒中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu含量均符合我国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)。水稻各部分对Cd、Pb的积累与其可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态和有机结合态含量均呈正相关,其中籽粒Cd含量与可交换态Cd含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。在脱硫石膏2～16 t·hm~(-2)用量范围内,稻田土壤Cd、Pb全量有所增加,Zn、Cu全量无变化,Cd、Pb赋存形态向稳定态转化,水稻各部分Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu含量有不同程度降低,脱硫石膏可在水稻田安全利用。     

外源锌对水稻植株镉的累积差异分析

通过水稻威优46盆栽种植试验,研究了外源Zn施用(0,40,80,160 mg/kg 4个水平)对Cd中度(0.72mg/kg)和重度(5.26mg/kg)污染土壤中Cd生物有效性及水稻Cd累积的差异。结果表明:施Zn对各检测指标存在影响,但土壤Cd总量仍是土壤Cd活性和水稻Cd累积差异变动的主控因素。在Cd中度污染土壤中,施Zn降低了土壤交换态Cd含量1.9%~17.0%,但水稻根表铁膜、根和糙米中Cd含量随Zn施用浓度的增大而增大,糙米Cd含量从0.09mg/kg上升到0.17mg/kg,相关分析显示糙米Cd含量与土壤交换态Zn含量显著正线性相关。在Cd重度污染土壤中,施Zn增大了土壤交换态Cd含量2.1%~4.8%,但降低了水稻各部位中Cd含量,当施Zn浓度超过80mg/kg时,糙米Cd含量可从对照组的0.45mg/kg降低到0.12mg/kg,符合国家食品污染物限量标准(GB 2762-2017)的要求,相关分析显示糙米Cd含量与土壤交换态Zn含量显著负线性相关。对2种Cd污染程度的土壤,施Zn均可增大Cd在水稻地下部的累积率,从而降低水稻地上部Cd的累积率。在Cd重度污染土壤中,可通过施Zn降低糙米Cd含量,施Zn量80mg/kg是试验中最佳施用量;但在Cd中度污染土壤中,施Zn有增大糙米Cd含量的风险。     

水稻子实对不同形态重金属的累积差异及其影响因素分析

在分析成都平原核心区土壤重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn)全量、各形态含量及相应点位种植的水稻子实重金属含量的基础上,通过统计分析、空间插值及线性回归方程的模拟,研究了土壤Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn全量的空间分布状况、各形态重金属含量统计特征,以及水稻子实对重金属各形态的累积差异及其影响因素。结果表明,成都平原水稻土重金属污染较轻,除Cd外,均低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准。土壤中重金属的可交换态含量均较低,Cd主要以铁锰氧化态存在,Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb主要以残渣态存在。水稻子实对5种重金属的累积效应顺序为:Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr。与水稻重金属累积关系密切的重金属活性形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机物结合态)主要有:Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cr的可交换态、Pb的有机物结合态和Cu的碳酸盐结合态含量;Zn各活性形态对水稻子实含量的影响不明显。土壤理化性质对不同活性形态重金属元素的影响效应各不相同。活性态Cd主要受有机质、pH和容重的影响;活性态Cr与pH、有机质、CEC和容重密切相关;活性态Pb与有机质、容重、中细粉粒、砂粒等均有密切的关系;Cu的活性主要受粘粒、有机质含量的影响;Zn的有效性主要受pH、有机质、砂粒、容重的影响。总的看来,对土壤Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn各活性形态含量影响效应较强的是有机质、pH、容重,而与土壤吸附性能密切相关的颗粒组成、CEC的影响不甚明显。     

水稻籽实对不同形态重金属的累积差异及其影响因素分析

在分析成都平原核心区土壤重金属（Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn）全量、各形态含量及相应点位种植的水稻籽实重金属含量的基础上，通过统计分析、空间插值及线性回归方程的模拟，研究了土壤Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn全量的空间分布状况、各形态重金属含量统计特征，以及水稻籽实对重金属各形态的累积差异及其影响因素。结果表明，成都平原水稻土重金属污染较轻，除Cd外，均低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准。土壤中重金属的可交换态含量均较低，Cd主要以铁锰氧化态存在，Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb主要以残渣态存在。水稻籽实对5种重金属的累积效应顺序为：Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cr。与水稻重金属累积关系密切的重金属活性形态（可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机物结合态）主要有：Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cr的可交换态、Pb的有机物结合态和Cu的碳酸盐结合态含量；Zn各活性形态对水稻籽实含量的影响不明显。土壤理化性质对不同活性形态重金属元素的影响效应各不相同。活性态Cd主要受有机质、pH和容重的影响；活性态Cr与pH、有机质、CEC和容重密切相关；活性态Pb与有机质、容重、中细粉粒、砂粒等均有密切的关系；Cu的活性主要受粘粒、有机质含量的影响；Zn的有效性主要受pH、有机质、砂粒、容重的影响。总的看来，对土壤Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn各活性形态含量影响效应较强的是有机质、pH、容重，而与土壤吸附性能密切相关的颗粒组成、CEC的影响不甚明显。     

不同品种水稻糙米对Cd Cu Zn积累特性的研究

以酸性矿山废水污染的含有多种重金属的农田土壤为供试土壤,通过盆栽实验,研究不同水稻品种,不同类型、不同遗传背景水稻糙米重金属Cd、Cu、Zn的积累差异。结果表明,供试水稻糙米Cd含量为0.006～0.092mg·kg-1,最高值和最低值相差15倍;Cu含量为6.712～27.117mg·kg-1,最高值和最低值相差4倍;Zn含量为28.390～43.296mg·kg-1,最高值和最低值相差不到1倍。常规稻和杂交稻糙米的Cd、Cu、Zn含量差异不明显。三系杂交稻的糙米Cd、Cu含量极显著高于二系杂交稻,而二系杂交稻糙米中Zn含量则显著高于三系杂交稻。不同遗传背景水稻品种糙米Cd、Cu、Zn含量也存在明显差异。相关分析结果表明,糙米中Cu、Cd含量间呈极显著正相关,Cu、Zn含量之间存在显著负相关,而Cd、Zn含量间的相关性不明显。     

6种固化剂对土壤Pb Cd Cu Zn的固化效果

通过在重金属污染土壤中分别施加沸石、石灰石、硅藻土、羟基磷灰石、膨润土和海泡石6种固化剂,研究了这6种固化剂对土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的固化效果,筛选出几种效果较好的固化剂。实验结果表明：沸石、石灰石和羟基磷灰石均能够有效地降低土壤中交换态Pb、Cd的含量,并且明显减少了土壤中Pb、Cd的毒性浸出量,其中沸石最多降低土壤中交换态Pb、Cd含量分别达到48.7%和56.2%,减少土壤中Pb、Cd的毒性浸出量达到37.1%和30.1%;沸石、石灰石均能够有效降低土壤中交换态Cu的含量,降低量分别高达68.1%和85.2%,膨润土能有效减少土壤中Cu的毒性浸出量,减少量最高达到66.51%;石灰石对土壤中Zn有着良好的固化效果。     

Heavy‐Metal Contamination of Soil and Vegetables in Wastewater‐Irrigated Agricultural Soil in a Suburban Area of Hanoi,Vietnam

The To Lich and Kim Nguu Rivers, laden with untreated waste from industrial sources, serve as sources of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purposes of this study were to identify the impact of wastewater irrigation on the level of heavy metals in the soils and vegetables and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Soil samples were collected from different distances from the canal. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the order zinc (Zn; 204 mg kg^?1) > copper (Cu; 196 mg kg^?1) > chromium (Cr; 175 mg kg^?1) > lead (Pb; 131 mg kg^?1) > nickel (Ni; 60 mg kg^?1) > cadmium (Cd; 4 mg kg^?1). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study site were much greater than the background level in that area and exceeded the permissible levels of the Vietnamese standards for Cd, Cu, and Pb. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Pb in the surface soil decreased with distance from the canal. The results of selective sequential extraction indicated that dominant fractions were oxide, organic, and residual for Ni, Pb, and Zn; organic and oxide for Cr; oxide for Cd; and organic for Cu. Leaching tests for water and acid indicated that the ratio of leached metal concentration to total metal concentration in the soil decreased in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn and in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb for the ethylenediaminetetraaceitc acid (EDTA) treatment. The EDTA treatment gave greater leachability than other treatments for most metal types. By leaching with water and acid, all heavy metals were fully released from the exchangeable fraction, and some heavy metals were fully released from carbonate and oxide fractions. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the vegetables exceeded the Vietnamese standards. The transfer coefficients for the metals were in the order of Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd = Cr > Pb.     

生物炭对水稻-再生稻体系吸收土壤中Cd和Pb的影响

以矿区周边Cd—Pb复合污染的农田土壤为供试材料,设置0,2.5%和5%(w/w)3个生物炭添加处理,通过盆栽试验探讨生物炭对再生稻吸收土壤中Cd和Pb的影响。结果表明,生物炭施加提高土壤pH和有机质含量,使Cd和Pb从移动性较强的弱酸提取态转化为较稳定的可还原态,且土壤CaCl2提取的有效态Cd和Pb含量分别降低33.23%~53.23%和66.52%~91.45%。同时,生物炭抑制Cd在头季和再生季水稻叶到糙米中的迁移,降低Pb从茎到叶和糙米的迁移,从而减少Cd和Pb在糙米中的累积;在5%生物炭处理下,再生季糙米Cd含量为0.15mg/kg,低于食品安全国家标准限量值(0.2mg/kg);Pb含量比对照处理降低68.18%。此外,再生季糙米中Cd和Pb含量低于头季稻糙米中相应的含量。因此,生物炭可以抑制Cd和Pb在再生稻体内的累积,降低糙米的重金属污染风险。     

植物吸取修复及钝化处理对后茬水稻镉吸收的影响

采集湖南湘潭县某地镉(Cd)污染酸性农田土壤及其经伴矿景天分别吸取修复两季和三季后的土壤,采用盆栽试验研究了经伴矿景天修复及钝化改良与否对土壤pH、有效态Cd、Zn以及水稻生长和稻米Cd、Zn浓度的影响。结果表明:未改良的处理,随着修复次数的增加,土壤pH显著降低,降低幅度为0.26~0.38个单位;且修复两季、三季土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd浓度较未修复土壤分别降低19.4%、24.0%;修复后土壤种植水稻品种W184,其糙米中Cd浓度显著降低,但依然超标;修复三季土壤种植低积累水稻品种IRA7190,其糙米中Cd由0.47 mg/kg降为0.03 mg/kg。施加钝化剂海泡石和石灰(10 g/kg+1 g/kg)后,修复两季、三季土壤的pH显著升高,较未施钝化剂处理土壤pH分别提高0.95、0.72;土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd浓度分别降低79.8%、79.5%;修复两季、三季土壤上水稻W184糙米的Cd浓度与未施加钝化剂相比,分别降低27.3%、44.4%,均降至国家食品安全限值0.2 mg/kg以下;无论是否添加钝化剂,伴矿景天吸取修复三季的土壤上水稻IRA7190糙米中Cd浓度均仅0.03 mg/kg。     

Fraction Distributions of Lead,Cadmium, Copper,and Zinc in Metal‐Contaminated Soil before and after Extraction with Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Abstract: The fraction distributions of heavy metals have attracted more attention because of the relationship between the toxicity and their speciation. Heavy‐metal fraction distributions in soil contaminated with mine tailings (soil A) and in soil irrigated with mine wastewater (soil B), before and after treatment with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were analyzed with Tessier's sequential extraction procedures. The total contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) exceeded the maximum permissible levels by 5.1, 33.3, 3.1, and 8.0 times in soil A and by 2.6, 12.0, 0.2, and 1.9 times in soil B, respectively. The results showed that both soils had high levels of heavy‐metal pollution. Although the fractions were found in different distribution before extraction, the residual fraction was found to be the predominant fraction of the four heavy metals. There was a small amount of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in both contaminated soils. Furthermore, in this study, the extraction efficiencies of Pb, Cd, and Cu were higher than those of Zn. After extraction, the concentrations of exchangeable Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn increased 84.7 mg·kg^?1, 0.3 mg·kg^?1, 4.1 mg·kg^?1, and 39.9 mg·kg^?1 in soil A and 48.7 mg·kg^?1, 0.6 mg·kg^?1, 2.7 mg·kg^?1, and 44.1 mg·kg^?1 in soil B, respectively. The concentrations of carbonate, iron and manganese oxides, organic matter, and residue of heavy metals decreased. This implies that EDTA increased metal mobility and bioavailability and may lead to groundwater contamination.     

硅酸盐调控抑制水稻对富硒水稻土中Cd吸收

研究目的:通过水稻盆栽试验,探讨了海泡石(SP)、硅钙复合矿物(CS)和水溶性叶面硅肥(YS)3种硅酸盐不同复配处理对富Se水稻土中Cd的迁移和转运和Se的生物有效性的调控效果,以及对糙米中矿质元素吸收的影响。结果表明,海泡石(SP)、海泡石-硅钙复合矿物(SPC)和海泡石-硅钙复合矿物-水溶硅肥(SCY)处理水稻根际土pH值增加0.15～0.31个单位,使土壤Cd由可交换态向碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态转变,而土壤Se由残渣态向生物可利用态转变。与对照(CK)相比,SP、SPC和SCY处理水稻根际土CaCl2-Cd含量降低了19.5%～34.0%,而土壤有效态Se的含量增加了17.8%～36.8%。且SPC和SCY处理糙米中的Cd含量显著降低,比食品安全国家标准(0.2mg/kg)降低了25.0%～90.0%。各处理在降低糙米中Cd的同时,对糙米中Se含量和各矿质元素(Cu、Fe、Zn、Mg和Mn)无显著影响。该研究可为进一步利用SP有效修复富Se水稻土中Cd污染和提高土壤Se的生物有效性提供了有益途径。     

长期用生活污水处理厂排放的废水浇灌影响了糙米和土壤中重金属的含量

A pot experiment was conducted in a plastic film house to evaluate the translocation and uptake of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn) into brown rice(Oryza sativa L.) and the heavy metals residues in soils which had previously been irrigated with domestic wastewater for a long time(3 years).The range of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn was 5.10 ± 0.01,0.105 ± 0.017,5.76 ± 0.42,and 23.56 ± 1.40 mg kg-1,respectively in the domestic wastewater-irrigated soil,and 0.370 ± 0.006,0.011 ± 0.001,0.340 ± 0.04,and 2.05 ± 0.18 mg kg-1,respectively,in the domestic wastewater-irrigated brown rice.The results indicated that application of domestic wastewater to arable land slightly increased the levels of Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn in soil and brown rice(P < 0.01).The concentrations of heavy metals in brown rice were lower than the recommended tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.However,the continuous monitoring and pollution control of hazardous materials from domestic wastewater are needed in order to prevent excessive build-up of heavy metals in the food chain.     

受土壤类型和金属负荷量影响的重金属形态分布

Two series of soil subsamples, by spiking copper(Cu),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn)and cadmium(Cd)in an orthogonal design,were prepared using red soil and brown soil,respectively.The results indicated that heavy metal fractions in these soil subsamples depended not only on soil types,but also on metal loading quantity as well as on interactions among metals in soil.Lead and Cu in red soil appeared mostly in weakly specifically adsorbed(WSA),Fe and Mn oxides bound(OX),and residual(RES)fractions.Zine cxisted in all fractions except organic bound one,and Cd was major in water soluble plus exchangeable(SE)one.Different from the results of red soil,Pb and Cu was present in brown soil in all fractions except organic one,but over 75% of Zn and 90% of Cd existed only in SE fraction.Meanwhile,SE fraction for any metal in red soil was lower than that in brown soil and WSA and OX fractions were higher.It is in agreernent with low cation exchange capacity and large amounts of metal oxides included in red soil.Metal fractions in soil,especially for water soluble plus exchangeable one ,were obviously influenced by other coexisting metals.The SE fraction of heavy metals increased with increasing loading amounts of metals in red soil but not obviously in brown soil,which suggest that metal availability be easily affected by their total amounts spiked in red soil.In addition,more metals in red soil were extracted with 0.20 mol L^-1 NH4Cl（pH5.40）than that with 1.0 mol L^-1 Mg(NO3)2(pH7.0),but the reverse happened in brown soil,implicating significantly different mechanisms of metal desorption from red soil and brown soil.