紫色水稻土有机无机复合与土粒团聚的关系

紫色水稻土的原土复合量（重组腐殖质）为中性土〉钙质土〉酸性土，同一土壤剖面中其含量是随土层深度下降；而有机无机复合度为钙质土〉中性、酸性土，在土壤剖面中是随土层深度增加。〈０．０１ｍｍ土粒团聚量和〈０．０１ｍｍ土粒团聚度为钙质土〉中性土〉酸性土。原土复合量和有机质含量，物理性粘粒含量、铁氧化物含量与〈０．０１ｍｍ土粒团聚量呈显著正相关；而有机无机复合度与有机质含量呈显著负相关，与腐殖质结合状态，物     

植茶年限对土壤有机无机复合性状的影响

对不同种植年限茶园土壤有机无机复合状况及结合态腐殖质组成变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤有机碳含量、重组有机碳含量以及土壤有机无机复合量随着植茶年限的增加而增加,而复合度下降,这一结果与土壤有机质的来源及移动性的差异有关。自然土壤植茶后,茶园土壤各结合态腐殖质含量明显提高,且各结合态腐殖质的绝对含量为紧结态腐殖质松结态腐殖质稳结态腐殖质,松结态腐殖质和紧结态腐殖质构成了复合态有机质的主体。随着植茶年限的延长,松结态腐殖质的相对含量增加,紧结态腐殖质的相对含量则表现为减少,土壤腐殖质松/紧比值增加。土壤有机无机复合状况及腐殖质结合形态与土壤养分之间存在相关关系,是表征土壤肥力演变的重要指标。     

不同状态有机物料对土壤腐殖质及作物产量的影响

施用有机物料培肥土壤 ,可以提高重组有机质的含量 ,改善重组有机质中的腐殖质结合形态 ,还可以提高有机无机复合量 ,表现为有机质含量、松结合态腐殖质含量、HA/FA比值均提高 ,并且提高作物的产量     

植被刈割对红壤酸度及有机无机复合状况的影响

在红壤地区自然植被（白茅）条件下,不同的刈割周期对土壤交换性盐基离子组成、土壤有机质、有机无机复合体、腐鱼质组成及铁、铝氧化物含量等均具有较大的影响。从１年刈割一次至６刈割一次处理,虽然土壤酸度的变化无明显规律,但土壤交换性钾、无定形铁、无定形铝、络合态铁的含量及铁活化度值均呈增加趋势,且土壤有机质和复合体的含量相应增高,松结态腐残质／紧结态腐殖质的比值亦增大,即腐残质的活性较强、质量较高,土壤肥     

长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质结合形态的影响

长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能显著提高潮土、旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土耕层松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质和紧结态腐质含量，但以有机无机肥配施的效果最好。有机无机肥配施能提高三种土壤耕层稳结态腐殖质和潮土耕层松结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例，降低三种土壤紧结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例。单施有机肥或化肥也能提高潮土耕层三种结合态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例，降低旱地红壤和红性水稻土紧结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例。施肥还可以提高三种土壤耕层松结态腐殖质／紧结态腐殖质的比值。     

不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石充填复垦土壤物理性质与有机无机复合体的关系

[目的]揭示复垦土壤物理性质与有机无机复合体的关系,为改善复垦土壤的物理特性提供依据。[方法]选择淮南大通煤矸石充填复垦区三种典型植被恢复模式下人工恢复7a的土壤,定量分析其物理性质及有机无机复合体,并运用多元统计分析两者的关系。[结果]研究区土壤的有机无机复合状况及结合态腐殖质在不同植被恢复下发生了不同程度的变化。结合态腐殖质以稳结态为主,所占比例为41%~67%。植被恢复降低了复垦土壤的容重而增加了其总孔隙度,而且臭椿+草本恢复模式效果最佳。土壤非毛管孔隙度与有机无机复合量及紧结态/重组碳呈显著正相关,而与稳结态/重组碳呈显著负相关。毛管孔隙度与有机无机复合量及紧结态/重组碳呈显著负相关,而与稳结态/重组碳呈显著正相关。土壤总孔隙度及容重与结合态腐殖质各组分的绝对含量分别呈显著正相关和负相关关系。[结论]复垦土壤物理性质与有机无机复合体具有密切关系。     

长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质结合形态的影响

长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能显著提高潮土、旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土耕层松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质和紧结态腐殖质含量,但以有机无机肥配施的效果最好。有机无机肥配施能提高三种土壤耕层稳结态腐殖质和潮土耕层松结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例,降低三种土壤紧结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例。单施有机肥或化肥也能提高潮土耕层三种结合态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例,降低旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土紧结态腐殖质碳占重组有机碳的比例。施肥还可以提高三种土壤耕层松结态腐殖质/紧结态腐殖质的比值。     

长期施肥对褐土有机无机复合性状演变及其与肥力关系的影响

通过8年长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥方式对褐土有机无机复合状况及腐殖质结合形态的影响。结果表明,长期不施肥使土壤有机碳、重组有机碳、原土复合量、松结态和紧结态有机碳含量明显下降,松/紧值降低,原土复合度上升;长期单施常量NPK化肥有同样的趋势;长期单施增量NPK化肥可大体保持土壤肥力水平不下降,但成本较高;采用有机肥(物)料配施常量NPK化肥,可明显提高土壤有机碳、重组有机碳含量和原土复合量以及土壤松、稳、紧各级结合态有机碳含量,增加松结态占重组有机碳比率,提高松/紧值,增强土壤调控能力。土壤有机无机复合状况及腐殖质结合形态是评价褐土培肥效果和标志土壤肥力演变的重要指标。     

长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质含量的影响

以潮土、旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土为研究对象，探讨了长期施肥对土壤腐殖质含量的影响。结果表明，长期施用NPK化肥、有机肥或有机无机肥配施均能提高潮土、旱地红壤和红壤性水稻土耕层的有机质、腐殖质和活性腐殖质含量，其中胡敏酸、富里酸也相应地增加，但以有机无机肥配施的效果最好。施有机肥或有机无机肥配施还能提高土壤腐殖质的胡／富比值。施肥对土壤有机质的影响不仅局限于土壤耕层（0－20m），而且影响耕层地下层次，但以0－60cm土层的效果显著，且以潮土的效果明显。     

不同种植年限茶园土壤有机无机复合状况及有机碳分布特征

通过不同种植年限茶园土壤有机无机复合状况以及有机碳的分布变化特征的研究,结果表明,植茶条件下,土壤有机碳含量、重组有机碳含量以及土壤有机无机复合量均高于非茶园对照土壤,并且随着植茶年限的增加而增加,土壤中轻组有机碳增加幅度明显大于重组有机碳,原土复合度下降.随着植茶年限的增加,茶园土壤＞50 μm级复合体含量减少,＜2 μm复合体含量增加,但茶园土壤有机无机复合体组成仍以＞50μm复合体为主,10～50μm复合体次之,＜2μm复合体含量最低.茶园土壤各粒级复合体有机碳含量均随植茶年限有不同程度增加,其中＜2 μm复合体固持的有机碳含量最高.其余粒级中有机碳含量随着粒径变粗而下降.有机碳在各粒级复合体中的分布以及各粒级复合体有机碳占土壤总碳量的比例均表现出2～10μm复合体＞小于2 μm复合体＞大于50μm复合体＞10～50μm复合体的趋势.     

紫色土发育成的水稻土微团粒结构中有机－无机复合体的性质

This paper deals with characteristics of organo-mineral complexing of microaggregates in the paddy soils developed from purple soils in Sichuan, China. Results show that the contents of organic matter in microaggregates are in the order of 1-0.25 mm > smaller than 0.05 mm > 0.05-0.25 mm. But the organic matter in 1-0.01 mm microaggregates accounts for 68.1%-78.7% of that in soil. The organic matter in < 0.05 mm microaggregates is complexed humus on the whole, of which the degree of organo-mineral complexing varies between 96.1% and 99.5%, which is higher than that of the soil or > 0.05 mm microaggregates. The contents of loosely combined humus and the ratios of loosely and tightly combined humus markedly decline with the size of microaggregates. Flesh soil humus formed from semi-decomposed organic material or organic manure added is combined first with < 0.001 mm clay, and then aggregated with other organic and mineral particles to form larger microaggregates, in which the aging of humus happens at the same time; whereas organic matter of the light fraction is mainly involved in the formation of > 0.05 mm microaggregates.     

土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅵ.胶散复合体的化学组成及其结合特征

本文研究水热条件渐变的地带性土壤中Ｇ１、Ｇ２组胶散复合体有机、无机物的化学组成及其结合特点。结果表明：Ｇ２组中铁有积累现象，游离态铁、铝氧化物含量为Ｇ２＞Ｇ１，但均随土壤类型变化。松结态腐殖质（Ｈ１）为Ｇ１＞Ｇ２，紧结态腐殖质（Ｈ３）则为Ｇ１＜Ｇ２。可提取腐殖质中，松、稳结态腐殖质之比值Ｈ１／Ｈ２和胡敏酸、富里酸之比值ＨＡ／ＦＡ，除个别土壤之外，都相关不大。Ｇ１、Ｇ２两组复合体中都含有一定数量的络     

土壤有机矿质复合体研究 Ⅶ．土壤结合态腐殖质的形成特点及其结合特征

本文系统剖析了熊毅－傅积平改进区分的土壤结合态腐殖质的形成特点，胡，富组成及其结合特征。结果表明：（１）用０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ及０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ＋０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ４Ｐ２Ｏ７混合液连续浸提的松结态（Ｈ１）和稳结态（Ｈ２）腐殖质所占的比例随土壤ｐＨ升高分别呈减少和增加趋势。统计分析显示Ｈ１与游离态铁，铝呈极显著的正相关，与交换性钙呈极显著负相关，Ｈ２则与交换性钙呈极显著正相关，而与游离     

腐殖质对白浆土中Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响

在三江平原布置长期试验，研究连年施用有机肥后土壤腐殖质变化及其对白浆±Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响。结果表明，施用牛粪后土壤腐殖质含量升高，且以松结态腐殖质的增长为主；土壤的DTPA提取态和有机络合态Fe、Mn、Al含量上升，使土壤有效态磷含量上升。因此，生物措施是治理白浆土，促进土壤磷素养分有效性上升，增大土壤缓冲容量和抗逆性的有效措施。     

腐殖质对白浆土中Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响

在三江平原布置长期试验，研究连年施用有机肥后土壤腐殖质变化及其对白浆±Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响。结果表明，施用牛粪后土壤腐殖质含量升高，且以松结态腐殖质的增长为主；土壤的DTPA提取态和有机络合态Fe、Mn、Al含量上升，使土壤有效态磷含量上升。因此，生物措施是治理白浆土，促进土壤磷素养分有效性上升，增大土壤缓冲容量和抗逆性的有效措施。     

SIZE FRACTIONATION, DISSOLUTION ANALYSIS, AND INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY OF HUMUS COMPLEXES IN ANDO SOILS

Eight samples of Ando soil A₁ and buried A₁ horizons of different ages were fractionated into clay-, silt-, and sand-size separates, and the yields and carbon contents of these separates were determined. The clay-size separates were subjected to two series of successive extractions, 1) 0.1 M Na₄ P₂ O₇/2% Na₂ CO₃/0.5 M NaOH and 2) dithionite-citrate/2% Na₂ CO₃/0.5 M NaOH; and to difference infra-red spectroscopy for identification of the extracted constituents. The result indicated that humus evolves from forms with a very low complexing ability for Al and Fe into forms that complex Al and Fe in the A₁ horizon, and that humus further interacts with allophane-like constituents, allophane and imogolite in the buried A₁ horizon. These reactions between humus and inorganic constituents result in formation of silt- and sand-size aggregates which are stable to sonic wave treatment, but are broken down into finer particles upon boiling with H₂ O₂.     

Composition and Characteristics of Organo—Mineral Complexes of Red Soils in South China

The objective of the present study is to reveal the composition and characteristics of organo-mineral complexes in red soils (red soil,lateritic red soil and latosol) of south China in terms of chemical dissolution and fractional peptization methos.In the combined humus,most of the extractable humus could dissolve in 0.1 M NaOH extractant and belonged to active humus (H1),and there was only a small amount of humus which could be further dissolved in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 extractant at pH 13 and was stably combined humus (H2).The H1/H2 ratio ranged from 3.3 to 33.8 in red soils,and the proportions of both H1 and total extractable organic carbon (H1 H2) in total soil organic carbon and the ratios of H1 to H2 and H1 to (H1 H2) were all higher in lateritic red soil and latosol than in red soil.The differences of combined humus composition in various red soils were directly related to the content of Fe and Al oxides.In organo-mineral complexes,the ratio of Na-dispersed fraction (G1) to Na-ground-dispersed fraction (G2) was generally smaller than 1 for red soils,but there was a higher G1/G2 ratio in red soil than in lateritic red soil and latosol.G1 fraction had a higher content of fulvic acid (FA),but G2 fraction had a higher content of humic acid (HA).The ratios of H1 to H2 and HA to FA were higher in G2 than in G1.The differences in the composition and activity of humus between G1 and G2 fractions were related to the content of free Fe and Al oxides.The quantities of complex Fe and Al,the Fe/C and Al/C atomic ratios were higher in G2 than in G1,and the ratio of Al/C was much higher than that of Fe/C.It may be deduced that aluminum plays a more important role than iron in the formation process of organo-mineral complexes in red soils.     

植草恢复对侵蚀红壤重组有机质的影响

在福建中亚热带红壤区,将侵蚀经济林(油茶)改造成人工草地(人工植草)、封山育林(自然恢复)进行生态恢复,11a后,分析A-C层土壤的常规理化性质、土壤复合量、原土复合度、腐殖质结合形态用以评价土壤肥力变化。结果表明:不同土层各指标有明显差异,其中土壤速效养分、有机质、土壤复合量表现为A层B层C层,原土复合度则表现为C层B层A层。土壤腐殖质在C层呈松结合态向紧结合态转变的趋势,其中在自然恢复区B、C层土壤的松/紧比值较A层分别下降0.149,0.458个单位,人工植草区C层土壤的松/紧比值较A层下降0.292个单位,松结合态向紧结合态转变速度较自然恢复区有所减缓。人工植草区A层土壤的有机质及有机碳总量虽低于自然恢复区,但重组有机碳含量相近,其它测定指标亦无明显差异。