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本文主要研究不同生物气候条件下由玄武岩母质发育的红壤、赤红壤和砖红壤的理化性质及矿物组成。粘粒中氧化铁的含量都很高,为16.98±0.83%。砖红壤与赤红壤粘粒中高岭石与非晶物质的含量相近,它们之间的差异是赤红壤中没有三水铝石,而含有7—11%蒙皂石。红壤粘粒中高岭石和非晶物质的含量都低于砖红壤和赤红壤,而水云母和蒙皂石的含量较高,也没有三水铝石。粘粒含量、阳离子交换量、硅铝率、硅铁铝率、铁的游离度和风化淋溶系数等都反映了土壤风化程度上的差异,它与水热条件特别是年均温和积温有关,进一步说明生物气候因素引起的土壤性质及矿物组成变化比其它因素强烈。砖红壤与砖红壤性水稻土的差异是在氧化铁形态上;红壤与红壤性水稻土相比,后者粘粒中蒙皂石含量略高,水云母含量略低。 相似文献
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福建红壤和砖红壤性红壤的发生和分类的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研究了发育于福建中亚热带和南亚热带13个土壤剖面的理化性质、微形态性质和粘粒矿物性质,讨论了这些土壤的富铝化程度、红壤和砖红壤性红壤土类划分指标的选择及分类问题,结果表明,供试土壤均处于中度脱硅富铝化阶段,但在程度上有差别。以B层粘粒高岭石的平均含量为主要指标,平均硅铝率为辅助指标,将供试土壤分为两个土类:第一类是砖红壤性红壤,其B层粘粒高岭石平均含量大于70%,或介于60—70%之间,但硅铝率小于2.10;第二类为红壤,其B层粘粒高岭石平均含量小于60%,或介于60—70%之间,但硅铝率大于2.10,这里红壤和砖红壤性红壤的概念不完全等同于地带性土壤的概念。 相似文献
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土壤磁化率-温度(κ-T)曲线测定中的影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
土壤磁化率-温度曲线(κ-T)可用于鉴定土壤中磁性矿物类型。以水稻土、红壤、黄壤和砖红壤为对象,采用BaringtonMS2κ-T磁化率/温度系统,测定了不同土壤类型中磁性矿物种类。结果表明:水稻土κ-T曲线在300℃出现矿物相变点,黄壤、红壤和砖红壤在350℃出现相变点;水稻土和黄壤κ-T曲线呈现出磁铁矿的居里点(580℃),表明土壤磁性载体以磁铁矿为主;红壤和砖红壤的κ-T曲线呈现赤铁矿的居里点(680℃)。将水稻土和红壤分别制成2 mm、1 mm、0.30mm和0.15 mm的颗粒大小,称取相同质量土样(1 g)研究不同颗粒大小对土壤κ-T曲线测定的影响;称取过2 mm筛土样0.5 g、1 g、1.5 g和2 g,研究不同称样量对κ-T曲线测定的影响。结果表明:不同土壤类型,颗粒大小和称样量对κ-T曲线的测定有一定影响,但不会改变土壤中磁性矿物的相变点。它们对红壤和砖红壤的κ-T曲线测定影响甚少,对水稻土和黄壤的影响较大。实验证明在颗粒大小上选择过0.30 mm筛的土样,称样量上选择大于1 g的土样可以得到较明显的κ-T曲线,不会掩盖矿物的相变点。 相似文献
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氧化还原条件下有机物料对酸性土壤pH、铁形态和铜吸附解吸的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了添加有机物料对水稻土、红壤和砖红壤在干湿交替一次以后土壤pH、铁的形态和对铜吸附解吸行为的影响。结果表明,添加有机物料使得土壤pH升高,且随着有机物料加入量的增加而升高。与对照相比,添加有机物料可使水稻土、红壤和砖红壤的pH分别上升1.55、0.8和1.33个pH单位。红壤和砖红壤中无定形氧化铁含量增加,而水稻土中变化不大。在铜的平衡浓度为0.2 mmol/L时,添加有机物料培养可使水稻土、红壤和砖红壤铜的吸附量分别增加6.7、10.3和3.6 mmol/kg。 相似文献
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昆明地区不同母质对红壤发育的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
昆明地区位于云南省中部,为我国西南高原红壤的主要分布区。关于本区土壤形成过程及发生分类等同题,虽然曾有人做过不少工作,但至今仍存在着一些分歧;有人认为本区土壤的形成过程以砖红壤化为主,土壤类型为砖红壤及铁质砖红壤性土[1,2];有人认为棕壤化为本区土壤的主要成土过程,土壤应命名为棕色森林土[4];另有人认为本区土壤属红壤,目前的成土过程为红壤化[5],所有这些意见,均因资料不足而难取得统一。 相似文献
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不同土壤对钾的选择吸附特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用K Ca交换平衡法对砖红壤、红壤、土、黑土和水稻土K的选择吸附特性研究结果表明 :KG 和KV 系数随着K Ca平衡体系中吸附相中钾与钙比率的变化而改变 ,其曲线特征说明土壤胶体存在着对K亲和力不同的吸附点位。在低钾饱和度时 ,土壤对K的高选择吸附主要归于粘粒矿物楔形区域电荷点位吸附 ,五种土壤楔形区域相对吸附点位顺序为 :黑土 >土 >水稻土 >红壤 >砖红壤 ,该相对吸附点位顺序与土壤含有风化云母和蛭石有关。在高钾饱和度时 ,五种土壤对K的吸附主要发生于粘粒矿物的晶层表面电荷点位 ,粘粒矿物的晶层表面电荷起源也许起决定作用 ,此时KG 选择系数的大小顺序为 :砖红壤 >红壤 >黑土 >土 >水稻土 相似文献
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The clay minerals of more than 200 soil samples collected from various sites of Fujian Province were studied by the X-ray diffraction method and transmission electron microscopy to study their distribution and evolution.Montmorillonite was found in coastal solonchak,paddy soils derived from marine deposit,lacustrine deposit and river deposit,and some lateritic red soil,red soil and yellow soil with a low weathering degree.Chlorite existed mainly in coastal solonchak and paddy soil developed from marine deposit.1.4nm intergradient mineral appeared frequently in yellow soil,red soil and lateritic red soil.The content of 1.4nm intergradient mineral increased with the decrease of weathering degree from lateritic red soil to red soil to yellow soil.Hydrous micas were more in coastal solonchak,paddy soils derived from marine deposit,lacustrine deposit and river deposit.and puple soil from purple shale than in other soils.Kaolinte was the most important clay mineral in the soils iun this province.The higher the soil weathering degree,the more the kaolinite existed.From yellow soil to red soil to lateritic red soil,kaolinite increased gradually,Kaolinite was the predominant clay mineral accompanied by few other minerals in typical lateritic red soil. Tubular halloysite was a widespread clay mineral in soils of Fujian Province with varying quantities.The soil derived from the paent rocks rich in feldspar contained more tubular halloysite.Spheroidal halloysite was found in a red soil and a paddy soil developed from olivine basalt gibbsite in the soils in this district was largely“primary gibbsite” which formed in the early weathering stage.Gibbsite decreased with the increase of weathering degree from yellow soil to red soil to lateritic red soil.Goethite also decreased in the same sequence while hematite increased. 相似文献
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粘土矿物固定化微生物对土壤中阿特拉津的降解研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以粘土矿物为载体,采用吸附挂膜法对已筛选的阿特拉津降解菌株进行固定化,并应用固定化微生物降解土壤中的阿特拉津。结果表明,该菌株在粘土矿物上生长良好,根据菌种生理生化特性、环境扫描电镜图片以及16S rDNA基因的相似性分析初步鉴定该菌株为Ochrobactrum sp.。接种降解菌能明显加快阿特拉津在土壤中的降解速率,粘土矿物固定化微生物的降解效果要明显优于游离菌,粘土矿物粒径越小,固定化微生物的降解效果越好,纳米粘土矿物固定化微生物的降解效果要好于原粘土矿物。用一级动力学方程描述阿特拉津在土壤中的降解过程,不同土壤中阿特拉津的降解速率不同。阿特拉津在红壤、砂姜黑土、黄褐土中的降解半衰期(t1/2)分别为36.9、49.1、55.0 d,投加纳米蒙脱石固定化降解菌后的半衰期则分别为16.3、25.3、21.7 d。 相似文献
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Tsung Ming Tsao Yue Ming Chen Hwo Shuenn Sheu Shung Yao Zhuang Ping Hua Shao Hua Wen Chen Kai Shuan Shea Ming Kuang Wang Yen Horng Shau Kai Yin Chiang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(7):1054-1065
Purpose
Information on the physicochemical properties, mineral species and micromorphology of lateritic soils and gravel soil layers in paleo-environmental soil profile is severely lacking. Red soil profile of the Taoyuan terrace was employed to demonstrate its different extents of lateritic weathering. The objectives of this study were to compare the physicochemical properties of lateritic soils and gravel soil layers and identify using conventional and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses mineral species in nanoparticles separated by automated ultrafiltration device (AUD) apparatus.Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from paleo-environmental lateritic soils. Soil samples were examined using elemental analysis, conventional and synchrotron XRD analyses, high gradient magnetic separation, separation and collection of nanoparticles by AUD apparatus, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results and discussion
The soil pH, redness index, quantities of free Al- and Fe-oxides (Ald and Fed), and clay content of lateritic soils are higher than those of gravel soil layers. Illite, kaolinite, gibbsite, quartz, goethite, and hematite were identified in clay fractions and nanoparticles by conventional and synchrotron XRD analyses. TEM images show presence of hematite nanoparticles on the surface coating of kaolinite nanoparticles and aggregated hematite nanoparticles overlapping the edge of a kaolinite flake in a size range of 4?C7?nm. Synchrotron XRD techniques are more straightforward and powerful than conventional XRD with random powder methods for identifying nanoparticles in red soils, particularly for illite, kaolinite, goethite, and hematite nanoparticles. According to chemical compositions of clay fractions and red soil features in the Taoyuan terrace, these red soils can be taken as lateritic red earths or red earths.Conclusions
This work suggests that physicochemical properties, mineral species, and micromorphology of red soil at all depths can shed light on the extent of paleo-environmental lateritic weathering. 相似文献16.
The zonal soils in the south subtropical zone of Fujian are lateritic red soils.A type of dark clayey soils.which was historically defined as lateritic red soils,derived from weathering products of the basalts was indicated by the investigation results to be markedly different from lateritic red soils and could be classified as Typical Hapluderts.They are distributed as complex zones with the lateritic red soils.The vertisols in this region were considered as a type of lithogenic soils and the vertic characteristics delay and inhibit the soils from allitic processes and then formed an independent soil type.The vertisols have higher fertility and better agricultural production characters than the lateritic red soils.The different ways in utilizing and managing these soils according to their properties and fertility are also suggested. 相似文献
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用红壤、赤红壤和砖红壤3种土壤胶体,测定胶体悬液在不同频率时的电导和直流电导,用以观察频散现象。结果表明,各种胶体的电导频散能力因土壤类型而异,红壤最强,赤红壤次之,砖红壤最弱。呈现明显频散所需要的频率,红壤和赤红壤为10千赫左右,砖红壤约为100千赫。可变电荷土壤的类型对电导频散的影响与土壤胶体所带的电荷总量密切相关。对于同一种胶体,悬液相对电导率(某一频率时的电导率与300赫时的电导率之比)随胶体浓度的增加而变大。红壤悬液在各种电解质存在时的电导频散曲线的形状不同,其中KCl者为一斜上直线,Ca(NO3)2,和CaCl2,者则为上翘的曲线。在1到100千赫之间,频散的顺序为:KCl>Ca(NO3)2>CaCl2。呈现明显频散所需要的频率,对KCl者为1千赫左右,Ca(NO3)2者约为10千赫,CaCl2者高达100千赫左右。在同一频率下,红壤胶体悬液的相对电导率随KCl溶液浓度的增加(10-5—10-3mol/L)而减小。 相似文献
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超声波土壤含水量检测装置的模型建立与验证 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
为探究利用超声波脉冲速度检测土壤体积含水量的可行性,以广东省红壤、赤红壤、水稻土为研究对象,设计了一种超声波土壤含水量检测装置,并利用ZBL-U510型非金属超声波检测仪在3种不同温度环境下(10、20、30℃)对不同含水量的土壤样本进行声速测定,构建了土壤体积含水量与超声波差值声速的温度效应数学模型。结果表明:超声波在水稻土中的传播速度比红壤、赤红壤快,且温度对超声波声速随土壤体积含水量变化节律的影响不同。20℃环境下超声波在土壤中的传播速度最快,10℃其次,30℃最慢。采用Richards模型表征土壤体积含水量与超声波差值声速关系的预测误差在3%左右,采用分段结构温度效应模型的预测误差在5%以内,证明该文提出的超声波脉冲速度-土壤体积含水量的温度效应模型可用于动态温度条件下的土壤含水量预测。该研究可为超声波技术在土壤水分检测领域的应用研究提供参考。 相似文献