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范鸿磊 《山西水土保持科技》2010,(4):41-42
开发建设项目编报水土保持方案,是水土保持法律法规的明确规定,是项目立项的基础条件,是防治开发建设项目建设与生产运行过程中造成人为水土流失的重要技术文件。在分析目前水土保持方案编制中存在问题及其原因的基础上,提出了加大水土保持法规宣传、加强水土保持方案编制人员培训、加强水土保持方案编制资质管理、加强开发建设项目的水土保持科学研究与严格按照规范进行水土保持方案编制等方面的建议。 相似文献
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黄河上中游管理局于2005年组织对黄河流域及西北内陆河地区水利部批复水土保持方案的113个大型开发建设项目水土保持工作进行了督查,从督查情况看,项目实施水土保持方案及防治水土流失工作取得了一定的进展,但仍存在投入不足、防治措施实施及后续设计不到位等问题。针对这些问题,提出了加大宣传力度,提高认识;制定制度,规范管理;加强水土保持方案后续设计及变更申报管理等对策建议。 相似文献
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通过20多年的努力,我国的生产建设项目水土保持方案编制工作已进入全新阶段,各项法律法规日趋完善,全国的水土保持方案编制工作逐步规范,编制水平明显提高,但通过近年来参与的一些水土保持方案编制工作发现,方案评审人员和编制者对于防治责任范围、水土保持设施面积、主体工程水土保持措施等的界定存在异议。这些问题已成为方案编制的主要疑难点,并给方案编制者造成了一定的困扰,对此问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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编制建设项目水土保持方案的心得体会 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水土保持方案作为开发建设项目申请立项的必备要件,在控制水土流失方面发挥了很大的作用。国家颁布的相关技术标准和规范,对方案编制工作起到了规范作用,但在具体编制方案过程中还是出现了这样或那样的问题。以实践为基础,从方案编制依据、项目及项目区概况、主体工程水土保持评价、防治责任范围、水土流失预测、水土流失防治分区及总体布局、分区治理措施等7个方面探讨了如何编制建设项目水土保持方案。 相似文献
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补报水土保持方案应注意的问题 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
随着水土保持相关法律法规的逐步完善,水土保持方案编制工作越来越系统、规范,大部分开发建设项目在立项阶段开展了水土保持方案编制工作,但也有一部分开发建设项目动工后才开展水土保持方案编制工作。从设计深度、论述的侧重点阐述编制已经开工开发建设项目与未开工开发建设项目水土保持方案的主要区别,同时从项目概况、主体工程水土保持论述、水土流失防治责任范围、水土保持分区、水土保持措施总体布局、水土保持投资等方面总结了补报水土保持方案时应注意的问题。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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开发建设项目水土保持设施竣工验收程序和方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
开发建设项目水土保持设施的竣工验收 ,要严格遵循水利部《开发建设项目水土保持设施验收管理办法》 ,坚持验收合格的 4条标准 ,由具备资质的机构进行验收前的技术评估 ,验收程序和方法要符合国家验收规程的规定与要求 相似文献
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Separation and analysis of diastereomers and enantiomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin by gas chromatography 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides are of environmental significance because of their high aquatic toxicity. Due to their chirality, SP compounds contain multiple diastereomers and enantiomers. However, due to great structural similarities and lack of isomer standards, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of SP diastereomers or enantiomers is poorly developed. In this study, we used a HP-5 column to separate the diastereomers and a beta-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective column (BGB-172) to separate the enantiomers of cypermethrin (CP) and cyfluthrin (CF). Resolved peaks were identified by comparing chromatograms of isomer-enriched CP products. Diastereomers of both CP and CF were separated on the HP-5 column. On the BGB-172 column, enantiomers of all cis diastereomers were separated, while those of trans diastereomers were not separated. The elution order appears to be regulated by configuration, a finding which may allow peak identification in the absence of isomer standards. When coupled with electron capture detection, the developed methods had low detection limits and may be used for analysis of SP diastereomers and enantiomers in environmental samples. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to study the influences of synthetic bayerite, non-crystalline aluminum oxide (N-AlOH), goethite, non-crystalline iron oxide (N-FeOH) and kaolinite on the adsorption, activity, kinetics and thermal stability of invertase. Adsorption of invertase on iron, aluminum oxides fitted Langmuir equation. The amount of invertase held on the minerals followed the sequence kaolinite > goethite > N-AlOH > bayerite > N-FeOH. No correlation was found between enzyme adsorption and the specific surface area of minerals examined. The differences in the surface structure of minerals and the arrangement of enzymatic molecules on mineral surfaces led to the different capacities of minerals for enzyme adsorption. The adsorption of invertase on bayerite, N-AlOH, goethite, N-FeOH and kaolinite was differently affected by pH. The order for the activity of invertase adsorbed on minerals was N-FeOH > N-AlOH > bayerite > reak goethite > kaolinite. The inhibition effect of minerals on enzyme activity was kaolinite > crystalline oxides > non-crystalline oxides. The pH optimum of iron oxide- and aluminum oxide-invertase complexes was similar to that of free enzyme (pH 4.0), whereas the pH optimum of kaolinite-invertase complex was one pH unit higher than that of free enzyme. The affinity to substrate and the maximum reaction velocity as well as the thermal stability of combined invertase were lower than those of the free enzyme. 相似文献