浅谈水土保持法的执法主体

浅谈水土保持法的执法主体王安明（浙江省水利厅农水处杭州３１０００９）《中华人民共和国水土保持法》的颁布实施，标志着我国的水土保持工作已步入法制化轨道，为预防和治理水土流失提供了法律依据。水土保持法第六条规定：“国务院水行政主管部门主管全国的水土保持工...     

福建省水土保持工作的新举措

福建省水土保持工作的新举措焦居仁（水利部水土保持司，北京１００７６１）改革开放１５年来，特别是近几年，福建省水土保持工作出现了好的势头，取得了可喜的进展。福建省是我国南方水土流失较为严重的省份之一。据遥感普查，水土流失面积为２１１．３万ｈｍ２，占全省...     

山西省水土保持监督执法成效综述

《水土保持法》颁布实施以来，山西省结合当地实际开展各种活动宣传水土保持法制，传播水土保持专业知识，提高了广大干部群众的水保意识和法制观念。同时健全了法规体系，加强了监督机构和队伍建设，不断加大执法力度，完善监督体系，有力地推动了水土保持监督执法工作的开展。     

关于水保执法宣传的几个问题

<正> 水土保持是一项综合性、社会性很强的公益事业,没有各级政府和各部门领导的重视、支持,没有全民的认识、参与是很难搞好的.只有下大力气搞好宣传,普及水土保持法及水土保持有关知识,树立全民的水保国策意识和法制观念,创造一个全社会都能充分认识、支持、参与的水保工作环境,才能使水保工作搞得更好.     

龙南水保行政执法不断规范化

江西省龙南县以监督执法回头看为契机，顺应效能建设新形势，坚持实行水保执法职责明晰化、执法权限公开化、执法任务责任化、执法行为程序化，不断提高水保执法水平，使龙南水保行政执法逐步走向规范。目前已对行政审批项目、时限、收费对象、标准进行了细化和公告，水保方案报告书的审批时限从60日降至20日；实行了水保行政执法责任制，对局长、分管副局长、股长、执法人员的职责进行了分解，对权力进行科学配置；     

强化农业执法手段建设之管见——基于重庆市农业综合执法实践

重庆市农业综合执法工作起步较早,自1999年开始探索试点。经过近10年的具体实践,重庆市农业综合执法工作快速发展,执法体系不断完善,执法手     

略阳县水保执法专项行动“回头望”

2008年8月28日,陕西略阳县水保执法专项行动在圆满通过市级验收的同时,又迅速拉开了水保执法专项行动“回头望”的工作序幕。     

一起不服水保行政处罚案的启示

一起不服水保行政处罚案的启示韩凤翔（长江水利委员会农村水利水土保持局，武汉市４３００１０）水土保持法颁布以来，全国各地水保部门都抓了一批破坏水土资源、人为造成水土流失的典型案例，有力地促进了水土保持法的宣传和贯彻执行。四川省宣汉县的一起不服水保行政处...     

用行政处罚法强化水保监督执法

<正> 全国人大颁布的《行政处罚法》及其相关的法律法规,是为了增强行政机关对经济活动的全面干预,又将这种干预控制在可以约束的范围之内,它的颁布进一步加强、统一、规范了水保监督执法工作.自《行政处罚法》颁布以来,青海省水保监督执法机构重新调整了工作部署,开始进入了一个用《行政处罚法》强化水保监督执法工作的新阶段.     

黄河流域水土保持监督执法工作迈出新步

黄河流域水土保持监督执法工作迈出新步王天永（黄委会农村水利水土保持局，郑州４５０００３）１９９３年，黄河流域参加全国水保执法试点的２５个县（市）全部通过检查验收，达到了试点目的，收到了很好的效果。其中有１０个县（市）获得全国监督执法先进集体称号，有３...     

安阳市水保工程建管方式及存在的问题与建议

安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite and identification of intergrades of montmorillonite-chlorite and vermiculite-chlorite in soils

Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH₄F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils.     

硒、钴单施和配施对苜蓿生长及产量的效应研究

为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。     

生产建设项目水土保持“天地一体化”监管存在问题及建议

根据"天地一体化"技术在生产建设项目水土保持监管中的应用情况,对"天地一体化"技术在水土保持信息化应用中存在的防治责任范围图件不规范、合规性鉴定困难、未批先建等问题进行了归纳总结,并提出相应的建议,以期能为"天地一体化"水土保持监管工作逐步走向成熟提供参考,全面提升水土保持信息化建设水平,加快推进水土保持监管信息化进程。     

濂溪区水土保持区划与防治布局研究

水土保持区划可为区域水土保持规划与宏观管理、水土保持生态文明建设提供重要的参考。在《江西省水土保持区划及防治布局研究》确立的原则与方法的基础上,根据全国、全省和九江市水土保持区划划分方法,分析濂溪区各乡镇地形地貌、水土流失特点、水土流失防治及经济社会发展等的区域差异,将全区划分为城市人居环境维护区、平原农田防护水质维护区、丘陵保土生态维护区3个五级区,同时基于水土保持功能,提出了各分区的详细水土流失防治布局,为濂溪区及其他区域的水土保持规划与宏观决策,加快推进各地生态文明建设提供重要的参考和借鉴。     

开发建设项目水土保持设施竣工验收程序和方法

开发建设项目水土保持设施的竣工验收 ,要严格遵循水利部《开发建设项目水土保持设施验收管理办法》 ,坚持验收合格的 4条标准 ,由具备资质的机构进行验收前的技术评估 ,验收程序和方法要符合国家验收规程的规定与要求     

大通县水土保持预防监督的做法与成效

近几年来,大通县通过加强水土保持监督执法队伍建设、加强水土保持法律法规宣传、加大执法力度、强化水土保持方案审批管理、完善水土保持预防监督管理体系等措施的实施,实现了全县水土保持预防监督工作从小到大、从探索到完善的跨越,取得了很好的成效。     

Separation and analysis of diastereomers and enantiomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin by gas chromatography

Synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides are of environmental significance because of their high aquatic toxicity. Due to their chirality, SP compounds contain multiple diastereomers and enantiomers. However, due to great structural similarities and lack of isomer standards, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of SP diastereomers or enantiomers is poorly developed. In this study, we used a HP-5 column to separate the diastereomers and a beta-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective column (BGB-172) to separate the enantiomers of cypermethrin (CP) and cyfluthrin (CF). Resolved peaks were identified by comparing chromatograms of isomer-enriched CP products. Diastereomers of both CP and CF were separated on the HP-5 column. On the BGB-172 column, enantiomers of all cis diastereomers were separated, while those of trans diastereomers were not separated. The elution order appears to be regulated by configuration, a finding which may allow peak identification in the absence of isomer standards. When coupled with electron capture detection, the developed methods had low detection limits and may be used for analysis of SP diastereomers and enantiomers in environmental samples.     

铁铝氧化物和高岭石对转化酶的吸附及活性的影响

Experiments were conducted to study the influences of synthetic bayerite, non-crystalline aluminum oxide (N-AlOH), goethite, non-crystalline iron oxide (N-FeOH) and kaolinite on the adsorption, activity, kinetics and thermal stability of invertase. Adsorption of invertase on iron, aluminum oxides fitted Langmuir equation. The amount of invertase held on the minerals followed the sequence kaolinite > goethite > N-AlOH > bayerite > N-FeOH. No correlation was found between enzyme adsorption and the specific surface area of minerals examined. The differences in the surface structure of minerals and the arrangement of enzymatic molecules on mineral surfaces led to the different capacities of minerals for enzyme adsorption. The adsorption of invertase on bayerite, N-AlOH, goethite, N-FeOH and kaolinite was differently affected by pH. The order for the activity of invertase adsorbed on minerals was N-FeOH > N-AlOH > bayerite > reak goethite > kaolinite. The inhibition effect of minerals on enzyme activity was kaolinite > crystalline oxides > non-crystalline oxides. The pH optimum of iron oxide- and aluminum oxide-invertase complexes was similar to that of free enzyme (pH 4.0), whereas the pH optimum of kaolinite-invertase complex was one pH unit higher than that of free enzyme. The affinity to substrate and the maximum reaction velocity as well as the thermal stability of combined invertase were lower than those of the free enzyme.