猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定,共拍摄照片6 幅,查明猪獾全身共有252块骨头,另有4块喉软骨、长约4.3 cm、略弯圆柱状阴茎骨、16对肋软骨,上下各1对犬齿,较发达,分别长1.4 cm、1.3 cm.发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居,行动迟缓的骨骼特征(1)胸椎发达,颈椎、腰椎较发达;(2)胸骨的前端愈合完全,后端膨大突出;(3)前肢短,有29.5 cm,后肢长,有33.4 cm,均有强大锐利的脚爪;(4)尾椎较长,全长16.9 cm.     

青藏高原野生优质牧草——垂穗披碱草

1植物学特征 垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb）为披碱草属多年生疏丛型上繁禾草，在青藏高原海拔2500～4000m的地区广泛分布，生长植株根系发达，播种当年须根人土可达50cm左右。茎秆直立，株高80～100cm；叶片扁平，叶长8～15cm；穗状花序长15～20cm，小穗排列略偏于一侧，通常弯曲下垂；穗轴每节具小穗两枚，渐近穗轴顶端者1枚，每小穗含3～4朵小花，其中仅2～3朵小花发育，成熟后带紫色，具芒；颖果，种子千粒重为3．4～4．9g。     

“达乌里”披碱草——优质饲用／水保兼用型植物

“达乌里”披碱草为禾本科披碱草属多年生草本植物。须根发达，茎直立，疏丛型，株高80～150cm；叶披针形，长10-30cm，宽0．8～1．2cm；穗状花序；种子深褐色，千粒重3．8～4．0g。     

优质饲用水保兼用型植物“达乌里”披碱草（Dahurian wildrye）

“达乌里”披碱草为禾本科披碱草属多年生草本植物。须根发达，茎直立，疏丛型，株高80～150cm；叶披针形，长10-30cm，宽0．8～1．2cm；穗状花序；种子深褐色，千粒重3．8～4．0g。     

亚洲象骨骼的形态学观察

对1例亚洲象骨骼的形态进行了观察。结果表明，亚洲象头骨内额窦腔体大，颈椎椎体短，胸廓宽大，腰椎仪3枚；前肢发达，桡骨细而弯曲；后肢股骨长；掌骨和跖骨短小；前后肢为5指（趾）。     

云南黑山羊新品系产肉性能的研究

对云南（肉用）黑山羊新品系周岁公羊、6月龄公羊、羯羊进行产肉性能研究。结果表明：宰前活重分别达到（49．0±8．72）kg、（34．1±4．60）kg、（33．7±4．35）kg；带皮胴体重分别达到（27．27±4．64）kg、（18．57±2．48）kg、（18．47±1．94）kg；屠宰率达到（55．70±0．53）％、（54．51±1．67）％、（54．87±1．80）％；眼肌面积达到（11．68±2．49）cm2、（9．92±0．95）cm2、（9．03±1．88）cm2；胴体GR值达到（0．57±0．12）cm、（0．79±0．10）cm、（0．84±0．18）cm；大腿肌肉厚度（2．73±0．32）cm、（2．57±0．15）cm、（2．53±0．49）cm；腰部肌肉厚度（4．81±0．58）cm、（4．05±0．32）cm、（4．48±0．15）cm；皮率（11．73±1．03）％、（7．98±0．76）％、（6．25±0．48）％；骨率（18．10±1．16）％、（21．03±2．41）％、（22．55±2．95）％；肉率（65．19±2．76）％、（67．57±2．98）％、（67．90±3．09）％；油率（4．98±1．19）％、（3．42±0．87）％、（3．30±0．55）％；云南黑山羊新品系早期生长快，产肉性能高，肉质好，可作为生产山羊肥羔和生产大型肉用山羊种质资源。     

退牧还草工程对乌拉特后旗草原植被恢复的影响

通过对乌拉特后旗天然草原退牧还草工程区及放牧区植被特征的研究表明，工程区A（2008）、B（2009）、C（2012）平均盖度分别比放牧区高18．2、12．5、4．0个百分点；草群平均高度分别比放牧区高1．6cm，1．0cm，0。8cm，灌丛平均高度分别比放牧区高8．7cm，10．0cm，4．0cm；地上生物量分别比放牧区的高出67．7％，47．0％，12．0％。本文实验结果还说明退牧还草工程区的建设时间对草地植被的各项指标有明显影响，研究结果显示荒漠草原经1-5年围封后，围封时间长的草地植被恢复效果要大于较围封时间短的草地。     

猪獾消化器官的解剖特征

对体重为 2 0 0 0g野生成年猪獾的消化器官进行了解剖观察 :猪獾的舌上分布有丝状、轮廓菌状、叶状乳头 ;齿式为 2 (3131 3132 ) ;单胃 ,弯月亮形 ,重 15 1g ,长 12 5cm ;小肠长度为 5 6 7 5cm ,为体长 (4 2cm)的13 5倍 ;大肠长度为 2 0 3 5cm ,为体长的 4 8倍 ;小肠与大肠总长度为 771 0cm ,为体长的 18 3倍 ;肝分 6叶 ,重6 1 8g ,为体重的 0 0 3倍 ;胰长 15 5cm ,重 7 2g ,为体重的 0 0 0 0 4倍。     

植酸酶混合均匀度对仔鸡生长性能矿物质贮存率骨质矿化的影响

为了确定植酸酶的不同混合均匀度对仔鸡生长性能，矿物质贮存率、骨质矿化的影响，进行了为期18d的试验。试验鸡随机分为7组，每组6（组1）或7（组2－7）个重复，每重复7只仔鸡。植酸酶的不同混合均匀度通过交替使用植物酶含量不同的两种饲料模拟而成，每24h更换一次饲料。组1为阳性对照，Ca1.0%，有效磷0．45％；组2为阴性对照，Ca0.9%，有效磷0．35％；组3（CV0）：组2＋每天600植酸酶单位（FTU）；组4（CV17）：组2＋500或700FTU；组5（CV34）：组2＋400或800FTU；组6（CV69）；组2＋200或1000FTU；组7（CV103）：组2＋0或1200FTU。组1和组3（CV0）的增重、采食量和骨骼强度相近（P＞0．15），但组2下降了（P＜0．01）。各组间肉料比未受影响（P＝0．15）。组2和组3（CV0）的骨灰分较组1低（P＜0．02），但组3（CV0）的骨灰分级显著地高于2（P＜0．01）。随植酸酶单位变异系数（CV）的增大，骨骼强度和骨灰分下降（P＜0．01）。随植酸酶单位变异系数的增大，钙和磷的贮存率（P＜0．08）以及增重（P＜0．09）逐渐下降。组3和组7间，仅骨骼强度和骨灰分差异显著（P＜0．01）。结论：增加植酸酶变异系数对生长性能几乎无影响，但植酸酶变异系数极大时骨灰分、骨骼强度、钙和磷的贮存率、排泄率下降。     

草地雀麦（Meadow bromegrass）

草地雀麦是禾本科雀麦属多年生长寿牧草。根茎疏丛型，须根系，具发达的根茎；茎秆粗壮，直立或斜升，具4～6个节，株高70～90cm；叶片柔软，长15-20cm，宽1．2～1．6cm，叶量丰富；圆锥花序展开，长15～20cm，每个小穗含小花6～10朵；种子暗褐色，千粒重约4．5g。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.