禽呼吸道症候群的鉴别诊断

禽呼吸道病症候群主要包括:新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感、传染性喉气管炎、慢性呼吸道病(禽霉形体病)、传染性鼻炎(副鸡嗜血杆菌引起)、小鹅瘟、禽霍乱、传染性支气管炎(禽曲霉菌病)、禽大肠杆菌病、禽维生素A缺乏症等。这类症候群其相类似的临床症状表现为:呼吸困难、张口呼吸、气喘、咳嗽、流鼻液、打喷嚏等。1从病原学检查上进行鉴别在这组禽病症候群中,除维生素A缺乏症为普通病外,其余10种均为传染病,均有各自不同的病原体。其中新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管炎、小鹅瘟5种为病毒性传染病,其余5种为细菌性传染病。…     

如何应对未来禽病不断出现的风险

坦率地说，目前家禽传染性疾病是全球性的，也就是说，家禽传染性疾病对商业家禽及相关产业的影响是全球性的。虽然家禽某一种传染性病原在世界各地表现并不完全一致，病原的流行性、致病力和造成的影响表现不一，但几种重要疾病几乎在世界各地均有发现，如禽流感、新城疫、传染性法氏囊病、传染性支气管炎等，它们对全球家禽业的影响至关重要。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速检测禽传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectiousbronchitisvirus,IBV)病原的方法,根据GenBank上的禽传染性支气管炎病毒基因组序列,设计1对引物,建立了检测IBV的一步法RT-PCR方法,该方法对20份疑似传染性支气管炎(Infectiousbronchitis,IB)病料、传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectiousbursaldiseasevirus,IBDV)、新城疫病毒(Newcastaldiseasevirus,NDV)进行检测,结果仅IBV为阳性,IBDV、NDV均为阴性。该一步法RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏性和重复性,最低可检测出约4pg的IBVRNA,将为IBV的病原检测及分子流行病学调查等提供早期快速的诊断方法。     

造成呼吸道病变的八种禽病的鉴别诊断

冬季，各种病毒、细菌比较活跃。天气变冷，鸡舍的保温与空气流通是一对矛盾，搞不好则易诱发各种具有呼吸道症状的疾病，如传染性喉气管炎、传染性支气管炎、鸡的慢性呼吸道病、传染性鼻炎、鸡的新城疫、禽流感等疾病，以及鸡痘和霉菌感染也会并发呼吸道症状。这些病有共同点也有不同点，在临床上易造成混淆，现将上述疾病的鉴别诊断简述如下。     

禽白血病的防治

禽免疫抑制病研究组,主要从事免疫抑制病(鸡传染性法氏囊病、禽白血病、鸡传染性贫血病等)的流行病学、致病机理、诊断方法及疫苗开发等研究。欢迎广大基层养鸡场及临床兽医技术人员来电、来函进行技术咨询。     

也谈禽传染性支气管炎的诊治

禽传染性支气管炎(IB)是鸡的一种急性、高度传染性的病毒性呼吸道病,以气管啰音、咳嗽和打喷嚏为特征。从烟台地区的养殖实践来看,禽传染性支气管炎无论是对肉鸡养殖,还是蛋鸡饲养都具有严重的危害,可引起肉鸡的增重差和饲料报酬降低,如引起混合感染,造成气囊炎,可使肉鸡在加工     

产蛋鸡住白细胞原虫病与禽霍乱的混合感染

山东省临沂市某蛋鸡场于2005年3月3日购进海兰鸡5200只，鸡群按常规饲养，饲养方式为笼养，根据当地常发病情况进行了鸡马立克氏病、鸡新城疫、传染性法氏囊病、鸡痘、传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管炎、产蛋下降综合征等的防疫，但未免疫禽霍乱疫苗。9月28日即209日龄时开始发病死亡，每天死鸡3～10只不等，最多死鸡每天达35只，产蛋率从93％下降到85％，软壳蛋、粗壳蛋增多，蛋壳色泽变淡，用盐酸环丙沙星饮水治疗，病情未得到控制，且不断加重。发病6d时间内死亡121只鸡，死亡率达2．33％。并且笼底层鸡死亡率比上层的鸡高。根据发病情况、临床症状、病理剖检变化、实验室检查等，确诊本病例为鸡住白细胞原虫病与禽霍乱的混合感染。     

家禽病毒性免疫抑制病流行特点与防控对策

免疫抑制病是一类危害养禽业健康发展的重要疾病,本文着重探讨病毒性免疫抑制病(如鸡传染性法氏囊病、鸡传染性贫血、禽网状内皮组织增殖症和禽白血病)的流行状况与防控对策。     

我国近年来新发现的一些禽病

我国近年来新发现的一些禽病凌育 （广东省家禽研究所，广州５１０４３０）随着我国养禽业的迅速发展，禽病诊断技术不断提高，新的病种（病原）不断有所发现和认识。现将有关资料简述如下。一、鸡传染性贫血自１９７９年日本的ｙｕａｓａ等首先报道￣［１］本病并分离到?..     

现代禽病防治技术专题（八）鸡传染性法氏囊病及防制

鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）是鸡的一种急性、高度接触传染性病毒病。本病的病原为传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）,它分为两种血清型,即对鸡致病的Ⅰ型和对火鸡致病的Ⅱ型。过去曾一直认为Ⅰ型ＩＢＤＶ没有抗原性差异。但近期研究揭示,国内外分离的一些鸡ＩＢＤＶ毒株...     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.