脲酶抑制剂和粗饲料产品对育肥羊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

选择小尾寒羊母羔羊24只,体重20.5kg左右,采用2×2析因试验设计。一种粗饲料产品是玉米秸块,在此基础上设加与不加20mg/kg脲酶抑制剂共两个水平;另一种粗饲料产品是苜蓿+玉米秸的混合块,然后设添加与不加20mg/kg脲酶抑制剂共两个水平。进行60d育肥试验,以研究在不同粗饲料产品日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂对育肥羊生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:①在不同粗饲料产品日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂均能提高育肥羊的日增重,苜蓿+玉米秸混合块日粮较玉米秸块日粮的育肥羊有较高的日增重;②粗饲料产品较脲酶抑制剂对育肥羊的日增重作用效果大;③粗饲料产品及脲酶抑制剂对试验羊的血液生化指标均没有显著影响。     

内蒙古包头地区玉米秸秆黄贮调制技术及典对育肥羊饲喂效果的研究

旨在研究适合内蒙古包头地区玉米秸秆黄贮发酵的最佳条件,并评价玉米黄贮秸秆配方日粮对育肥羊的饲喂效果。采用三因素三水平正交试验,对黄贮发酵菌剂、发酵周期和发酵辅料等进行实验室研究,筛选最佳发酵组合;依据GB/T 20807—2006《绵羊用精饲料》标准,配制含不同比例秸秆黄贮的配方日粮,开展育肥羊饲喂试验,比较传统育肥羊饲料和玉米黄贮秸秆配方饲料对小尾寒羊的育肥效果。结果表明,3个因素对秸秆黄贮pH值影响的顺序为：发酵辅料〉发酵菌剂〉发酵周期,黄贮发酵条件最佳的组合为EM如金菌液秸秆发酵剂＋发酵25 d＋食盐。饲喂基础日粮中添加不同比例玉米秸秆黄贮的2个试验组羊只,其活体重、胴体重、单块眼肌面积显著大于饲喂传统育肥饲料的对照组羊只（P〈0.05）;饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为40%的试验组羊只,其饲料转化率显著高于对照组羊只（P〈0.05）;饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为20%的试验组羊只,其屠宰率显著高于对照组羊只（P〈0.05）;2个试验组羊只的日增重、大腿肌肉厚度、腰部肌肉厚度、系水力与对照组相比差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。综合考虑饲喂效果以及饲喂成本因素,在基础饲料中添加40%的玉米黄贮秸秆对小尾寒羊的育肥效果最佳。     

内蒙古包头地区玉米秸秆黄贮调制技术及其对育肥羊饲喂效果的研究

旨在研究适合内蒙古包头地区玉米秸秆黄贮发酵的最佳条件,并评价玉米黄贮秸秆配方日粮对育肥羊的饲喂效果。采用三因素三水平正交试验,对黄贮发酵菌剂、发酵周期和发酵辅料等进行实验室研究,筛选最佳发酵组合;依据GB/T 20807—2006《绵羊用精饲料》标准,配制含不同比例秸秆黄贮的配方日粮,开展育肥羊饲喂试验,比较传统育肥羊饲料和玉米黄贮秸秆配方饲料对小尾寒羊的育肥效果。结果表明,3个因素对秸秆黄贮pH值影响的顺序为:发酵辅料发酵菌剂发酵周期,黄贮发酵条件最佳的组合为EM如金菌液秸秆发酵剂+发酵25 d+食盐。饲喂基础日粮中添加不同比例玉米秸秆黄贮的2个试验组羊只,其活体重、胴体重、单块眼肌面积显著大于饲喂传统育肥饲料的对照组羊只(P0.05);饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为40%的试验组羊只,其饲料转化率显著高于对照组羊只(P0.05);饲喂基础日粮中黄贮添加比例为20%的试验组羊只,其屠宰率显著高于对照组羊只(P0.05);2个试验组羊只的日增重、大腿肌肉厚度、腰部肌肉厚度、系水力与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑饲喂效果以及饲喂成本因素,在基础饲料中添加40%的玉米黄贮秸秆对小尾寒羊的育肥效果最佳。     

醋糟对育肥羊生产性能、屠宰性能及营养物质消化率的影响

为了研究醋糟对育肥羊生产性能、屠宰性能及营养物质消化率的影响,试验选择体重20 kg左右、健康状况良好的本地羊×小尾寒羊杂交育肥羊96只,随机分成4组,均饲喂精粗比为1∶1的日粮且精饲料均相同,对照组粗饲料为黄贮玉米秸秆,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组粗饲料分别以10%、20%、30%醋糟替代黄贮玉米秸秆。预试期8 d,正试期96 d。结果表明:在育肥羊日粮中以10%、20%、30%醋糟替代黄贮玉米秸秆对始重、末重、平均日增重无显著影响(P0.05),仅试验1组平均日采食量和料重比极显著升高(P0.01)。以20%、30%醋糟替代黄贮玉米秸秆的试验2组、3组屠宰率均显著提高(P0.05),且试验2组净肉率最高。1～3组干物质表观消化率均显著降低(P0.05);粗纤维表观消化率试验1组、试验2组显著降低(P0.05);粗蛋白表观消化率试验2组有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。总能消化率以20%醋糟替代黄贮玉米秸秆的试验2组效果最好。说明在育肥羊日粮中以20%醋糟替代黄贮玉米秸秆效果最好,可以在生产中进行推广和应用。     

功能性饲料苦豆渣对肉羊降火作用的研究

本研究旨在探讨添加一定的苦豆渣对羔羊在强度育肥条件下上火现象的抑制作用。选择体重为20~22kg的公羔72只分为3组,分别为试验组、对照组和空白对照组。试验组在各个育肥期添加适当剂量的苦豆渣对育肥羊进行降火,对照组利用大黄进行降火,空白对照组不做任何降火处理。结果表明,上火可明显影响育肥羊的育肥效果,在育肥羊日粮中添加适当剂量的苦豆渣不仅能够有效抑制育肥羊上火现象,而且能够调节育肥羊的生理机能,提高日增重和屠宰率。     

日粮及粗料类型对奶牛产奶性能的影响

为探讨不同类型日粮和粗料对奶牛泌乳性能的影响,本试验选用12头健康荷斯坦牛为试验动物,随机分为3组,试验分两期进行.在精料相同条件下,第一期分别选用精粗比为40∶60的秸秆型A日粮(粗料仅为干玉米秸秆)、40∶60的青贮型B日粮和60∶40的青贮型C日粮(B、C日粮粗料仅为玉米秸秆青贮)为不同类型试验日粮进行试验;第二期粗料分别以干玉米秸秆(a日粮)、青苜蓿干草(b日粮)、干玉米秸秆和青苜蓿干草混合(50∶50,c日粮)为不同粗料类型试验日粮,进行奶牛饲喂试验.第一期试验结果表明:青贮玉米代替玉米秸秆或适当增加日粮中精料比例可显著提高奶牛的产奶性能,但乳脂率有降低的趋势.第二期试验结果表明:精料相同条件下,苜蓿青干草代替干玉米秸秆有助于提高产奶量和乳蛋白率,但是会显著降低乳脂率.玉米秸秆与苜蓿混合饲喂和单一饲喂玉米秸秆相比,产奶量与乳蛋白率均有所提高,但乳脂率显著降低;和单一饲喂苜蓿相比,虽然乳糖率略有提高,但产奶量和乳蛋白率明显减少,乳脂率也显著降低.     

谷胱甘肽对育肥羊生长性能及生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ轴调控作用的研究

本文旨在研究谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)对育肥羊生长性能及生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(GH/IGF-Ⅰ)轴的影响.试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将12只3月龄东北细毛羊与德国肉用美利奴羊杂交一代育肥羊分为3组,每组4个重复,每组羊公母各占1/2.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组1和试验组2分别在基础日粮的基础上添加500和800 mg/kg的GSH,试验期为60 d.测定谷胱甘肽对育肥羊生长性能和血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ浓度及组织中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达量的影响.结果表明:日粮中添加GSH显著提高了试验组育肥羊的日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低了试验组育肥羊的料重比(P＜0.05),但对育肥羊的日采食量无显著影响(P＞0.05);试验20、40和60 d时,试验组育肥羊血清中的生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥羊肝脏和背最长肌中IGF-ⅠmRNA的表达量有所提高,当GSH添加量达到800 mg/kg时,育肥羊背最长肌中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA的表达量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).因此,本试验初步得出,日粮中添加GSH促进了肝脏IGF-Ⅰ的分泌,提高了肌肉中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA的表达量,提高血清中GH与IGF-Ⅰ浓度,从而促进了育肥羊的生长.     

补充精料对绵羊育肥性能的影响

选用60只3月龄山西太谷绵羊为试验动物，随机分为4组，1组为对照组，2、3、4组每日每只分别补充250克、325克和400克精料。在自由采食玉米秸秆的条件下研究不同精料补饲水平对育肥羊生产性能和日粮消化率的影响。结果表明：在日粮中添加精料可极显著提高日增重；显著降低料肉比；显著提高日粮养分表观消化率。     

葡萄藤枝叶资源及饲养试验

为进一步推广应用葡萄藤枝叶作为粗饲料用于育肥羊的饲喂,逐步解决农区养畜饲料匮乏问题,第五师八十三团天丰牧业发展有限公司于2017年5月15日至7月14日开发废弃的葡萄藤枝叶资源,加工调制后作为粗饲料的一部分用于育肥羊全混合日粮中,对60只6月龄左右育肥羊进行60 d的饲养试验。在全混合日粮中添加40%的葡萄藤枝叶,取得了育肥羊平均日增重达300 g以上的效果,进一步说明葡萄藤枝叶能够作为部分饲料资源进行应用。     

“牛羊壮”复合预混料对育肥羊增重的效果分析

“牛羊壮”复合预混料饲喂育肥羊试验表明，在日粮中添加2％的“牛羊壮”复合预混料，可使育肥羊日增重提高50％。结果表明：“牛羊壮”复合预混料饲喂育肥羊可明显提高其体重。     

Roughage sources in beef cattle finishing diets.

In four feeding trials with beef steers, corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH), and alfalfa silage (AS) were compared as roughage sources in dry-rolled (DRC); dry whole (DWC); ground, high-moisture (GHMC); and whole, high-moisture corn (WHMC) fattening diets. In processed corn diets (DRC and GHMC), steers fed CS had lower DMI (P less than .05) and feed:gain ratios (P less than .10) than steers fed AS as the roughage source. In a separate trial, greater gains (P less than .10) and lower feed:gain ratios (P less than .05) were found during the initial feeding period, which included the adaptation phase, for steers fed CS vs steers fed AH as the roughage source. Over the entire feeding period, lower (corn type x roughage source interaction, P less than .05) feed:gain ratios were found in GHMC diets when CS was fed as the roughage source; feed:gain ratios were similar in steers fed DRC diets containing either CS or AH. Over the entire feeding period, similar performance was found among steers fed the various roughage sources in DWC diets; however, with WHMC diets, steers fed AS as the roughage source had lower feed:gain ratios than did steers fed AH (P less than .05) or CS (P greater than .10). In the processed corn diets, high correlations were found between diet NDF digestibility and gain (r = .80), intake (r = .68), and feed:gain ratios (r = -.66); similar trends were found in WHMC diets but not in DWC diets. These results suggest that the ideal roughage source to complement finishing diets may depend on corn processing method and feeding period (adaptation vs finishing).     

青贮玉米盘江7号对肉羊增重效果的研究

为探讨玉米盘江7号青贮秸秆对肉羊增重效果的影响,采用全舍饲喂养的方式比较饲喂玉米盘江7号青贮秸秆和风干玉米秸秆对肉羊的增重效果。结果表明:试验期内供试羊在其他饲养管理水平完全一致的情况下,试验组(所喂粗饲料为玉米盘江7号青贮秸秆)日均增重达213.44g/只,对照组(所喂粗饲料为风干玉米秸秆)日均增重150.78g/只,试验组日均增重比对照高62.66g/只(P<0.01)。试验组只均盈利达228.38元,对照组为131.54元,试验组只均盈利比对照组提高73.62%,经济效益提高明显。     

Performance and digestibility of growing sheep fed with a?ai seed meal-based diets

This trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a?ai seeds in the diet of sheep, specifically, to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and weight gain in sheep that are fed with diets containing four different mixtures of a?ai seeds and coastcross hay. Sixteen noncastrated male sheep with an average initial body weight of 22?kg were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments using initial body weight as a covariate. The diets used coastcross hay as the basal roughage in a 60:40 roughage/concentrate ratio. The concentrate was the same in all the treatments. The a?ai seed was added to the diet as a partial substitute for the coastcross hay to make up four diet treatments: 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15?% a?aí added to the diet on a dry matter basis. The daily weight gain, final body weight, and feed intake were found to linearly increase with the increase in added dietary a?ai seed meal (P?相似文献   

Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary roughage concentration and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism. In Exp. 1, 126 steers (334 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed (120 d) diets of steam-rolled wheat without roughage or containing 5, 10 or 15% roughage (50% alfalfa hay:50% corn silage). Steers fed 5 or 10% roughage gained faster (quadratic, P less than .05) and were more efficient (quadratic, P less than .05) than steers fed 15% or no roughage. In Exp. 2, six ruminally cannulated steers (447 kg) were used in a 6 x 6 latin square design and fed (twice daily) diets of steam-rolled wheat without roughage or containing 5 or 15% alfalfa hay at twice or three times NE required for maintenance. Increasing dietary roughage increased (linear, P less than .01) ruminal liquid passage 38%, indigestible ADF passage 63%, Yb-labeled wheat passage 75% and fiber fill 31%. The rate of in situ starch digestion tended to increase (linear, P = .16), and ruminal VFA concentration was 40 mM higher (P less than .01) at 4 h after feeding with increased roughage. Increased feed intake increased (P less than .05) ruminal starch fill, fiber fill, liquid fill and liquid passage 23%, Yb-labeled wheat passage 50% and Dry-labeled hay passage 20%. It reduced protozoa five- to sixfold (P less than .01) but doubled total bacterial counts (P less than .01). Ruminal NH3N was lower (P less than .01) and total VFA concentration was 50 mM higher (P less than .01) at 4 h after feeding. The acetate:propionate ratio was reduced from 2.3 to 1.3 (P less than .01) with increased intake. Adding roughage to a steam-rolled wheat diet increased passage and tended to increase rate of starch digestion; increased feed intake with its associated effects on ruminal fill and passage dramatically shifted the microbial population and fermentation end products.     

含有文冠果油渣和文冠果壳饲料养殖肉羊的效果研究

[目的]评价含有文冠果油渣和文冠果壳的饲料对肉羊养殖效果的影响,从而为文冠果饲料产品的研发与应用提供科学依据。[方法]选用滩羊为试验对象,在育肥期(60~120日龄)用文冠果油渣替代定量的麸皮和玉米作为肉羊基础精料补充料,同时用文冠果壳替代定量的玉米秸秆作为肉羊粗饲料进行饲养试验,通过分析肉羊的生产性能、健康状况、经济效益来评价其应用效果。[结果]在育肥期以文冠果油渣替代麸皮(12%)和玉米(3%)作为肉羊基础精料补充料,同时用文冠果壳替代玉米秸秆(50%)作为肉羊粗饲料促进肉羊生长作用显著;育肥过程中对照组及试验组存活率均为100%,健康状况良好;各组盈利排序为:试验Ⅲ组试验Ⅰ组试验Ⅱ组对照组。[结论]含有文冠果油渣和文冠果壳的肉羊饲料可以降低养殖成本,并能提高经济效益。     

Forage intake and weight gain of ewes is affected by roughage mixes during winter in northeastern China

We studied the effect of dietary roughage species and their combinations on forage intake and growth rate of ewes during winter in a pastoral‐farming area of northeast China. Twenty‐five Northeast crossbred ewes (fine‐wool sheep × Small‐tailed Han sheep) were randomly selected and divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5). During a 30 day feeding trial, each group of ewes were offered the same basal diet (composed of 0.36 kg chopped maize stalk (10 mm), 0.14 kg corn meal, 0.05 kg soybean meal and 1.2 g NaCl) and one of the five supplementary roughage mixes, namely 100% Leymus chinensis hay (G1), 100% Vigna radiata stalk (G2), L. chinensis hay plus Suaeda glauca (G3), V. radiata stalk plus S. glauca (G4) and L. chinensis hay plus V. radiata stalk and S. glauca (G5). The results showed that roughage mixes had significant influences on daily roughage intake and daily weight gain of ewes. Ewes had greater daily roughage intake when supplemented with three species of roughage compared to the roughage with one species; however, there was no significant difference between G1 and G2, G3 and G4, or between G4 and G5. The average daily gain of ewes was also greater when they were supplemented with the roughage combination of L. chinensis, V. radiata stalk and S. glauca. No difference in average daily weight gain was observed between the G4 and G5 treatments (P > 0.05). The lowest average daily weight gain was observed when the ewes were supplemented with V. radiata stalk alone (G2) (P < 0.05). The results indicated that supplying ewes with various roughages simultaneously in winter could improve their forage intake and average daily weight gain compared to offering the ewes only one type of dietary roughage. Further, feeding roughage supplements containing a diverse mix of roughage species represents one method for increasing roughage utilization in livestock production during winter in the pastoral‐farming areas of northeastern China.     

不同加工方法的玉米秸秆育肥肉牛试验报告

[目的]为了充分利用玉米秸秆资源。[方法]在冬春季节给肉牛养殖户提供足够的优质粗饲料来增强育肥效果,用全贮、青贮、黄贮和微贮四种玉米秸秆饲料进行育肥牛试验,对照组饲喂玉米秸秆。[结果]表明：育肥3个月后,体重、平均日增重、体高、体斜长和胸围各试验组均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,试验1组和试验2组管围显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,试验1组和试验2组获得的利润分别比对照组高71.96%和51.54%。[结论]玉米秸秆全贮、青贮、黄贮和微贮后饲喂肉牛经济效益有不同程度的提高。     

不同粗饲料组合效应对育肥公羊生产性能及经济效益的影响

为研究不同粗饲料组合效应对育肥公羊采食量、日增重、料肉比及经济效益的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,将体重相近的40只小尾寒羊后备种公羊随机分为8组,每组5只。基于等能等氮原则配制日增重350 g试验饲粮,其中A组日粮中粗饲料添加苜蓿,B组添加玉米秸秆,C组添加棉花秸秆,D组添加苜蓿和棉花秸秆,E组添加苜蓿和玉米秸秆,F、G、H组添加不同比例苜蓿、棉花秸秆和玉米秸秆。试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明:(1)G组干物质采食量极显著高于C组和D组(P<0.01),显著高于F组(P<0.05);A、B、E、H组干物质采食量极显著高于C组和D组(P<0.01);F组干物质采食量显著高于C组(P<0.05)。(2)A组日增重极显著高于C组(P<0.01),显著高于D组(P<0.05);G组日增重显著高于C组和D组(P<0.05)。(3)A组饲粮单价最高,C组单价最低,饲料单价如下趋势:A组>E组>G组>H组>F组>D组>B组>C组,饲料总成本趋势与饲料单价趋势基本相同。(4)增重收益中A组最高,C组最低,前者比后者高35.76%;经济效益G组最高,D组最低,前者比后者高34.46%。综上,在本试验条件下,以苜蓿:玉米秸秆:棉杆为12:24:13调配日粮时,经济效益最优,为265.43元/只。     

饲料中不同水平的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同比例的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响,试验选取40头60 kg左右的育肥猪,采用单因素完全随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组8头猪。对照组饲喂“玉米+豆粕”型基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂含有3%、6%、9%和12%的玉米柠檬酸渣饲粮。结果表明：⑴4个试验组与对照组平均日采食量差异不显著（P>0.05）;⑵A组、B组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,A组、B组平均日增重分别比对照组高0.77%、1.24%（P>0.05）,料肉比较对照组分别低1.63%、2.29%（P>0.05）;⑶C组、D组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,C组、D组平均日增重分别比对照组低2.73%、4.39%,料肉比较对照组分别高3.59%、4.9%（P<0.05）;⑷A组、B组育肥猪每增重1 kg所需的饲料成本分别降低2.52%、4.4%。说明在日粮中添加一定量的玉米柠檬酸渣,对育肥猪生长性能有一定的促进作用,养殖经济效益显著,其中以6%的添加量较为适宜。