脲酶抑制剂和粗料类型对育肥羊生长性能及内脏器官的影响

选择小尾寒羊母羔羊24只，体重20.5 kg左右，采用2×2析因试验设计。秸秆型日粮的粗料组成是玉米秸秆，苜蓿＋秸秆型日粮的粗料组成是苜蓿和玉米秸秆，每种粗料日粮设添加与不加20 mg/kg脲酶抑制剂共2个水平。进行90 d育肥试验，以研究在不同类型粗料日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂对育肥羊生长性能和内脏器官的影响。结果表明：①在不同粗料类型日粮中，添加脲酶抑制剂均能提高育肥羊的日增重，苜蓿＋秸秆型日粮较秸秆型日粮的育肥羊有较高的日增重。②粗料类型及脲酶抑制剂对试验羊的内脏器官没有影响。③日粮中添加苜蓿较添加脲酶抑制剂更能提高养羊者的经济效益。     

葡萄藤枝叶资源及饲养试验

为进一步推广应用葡萄藤枝叶作为粗饲料用于育肥羊的饲喂,逐步解决农区养畜饲料匮乏问题,第五师八十三团天丰牧业发展有限公司于2017年5月15日至7月14日开发废弃的葡萄藤枝叶资源,加工调制后作为粗饲料的一部分用于育肥羊全混合日粮中,对60只6月龄左右育肥羊进行60 d的饲养试验。在全混合日粮中添加40%的葡萄藤枝叶,取得了育肥羊平均日增重达300 g以上的效果,进一步说明葡萄藤枝叶能够作为部分饲料资源进行应用。     

微生态制剂对育肥肉羊育肥效果的影响

为研究微生态制剂对内蒙古小尾寒羊育肥效果的影响,本试验选取平均体重为28.04±2.09 kg、5月龄左右的72只内蒙古小尾寒羊的公羊作为试验对象,随机分为3组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组),每组3个重复,每个重复8只育肥羊。结果表明,在育肥羊日粮中添加微生态制剂,试验组育肥羊的采食量增加,饲料转化率得到提升,试验组内48只育肥羊的平均日增重均高于对照组内的羊只;与对照组相比试验组内育肥羊腹泻发病率降低。添加微生态制剂可以加快育肥羊的育肥速度,缩短了育肥周期。因此,从降低饲养成本、减少治疗腹泻所需要的药费、缩短饲养周期提早出栏等多方面提高养殖场的经济效益。     

脲酶抑制剂饲喂肉牛的试验效果

本试验旨在探讨脲酶抑制剂对肉牛生产性能的影响。结果表明，在日粮中添加饲喂脲酶抑制剂的试验组，肉牛平均日增重为1．59kg，未饲喂脲酶抑制剂的对照组，肉牛平均日增重为134kg。试验组比对照提高日增重18.7％，差异极显著（P＜0．01）。试验期间，试验组比对照组提高饲料转化率16％，每头牛每天增加利润近1元。     

添加复合矿物质舔砖对育肥羊生长性能及生化指标影响的研究

为了研究复合矿物质舔砖对育肥羊生长性能及生化指标的影响,试验采用分组饲喂的方法,将体重和体尺相近、体况健康、生长发育良好的羊只分为对照组、舍内育肥组和放牧育肥组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他两组在基础日粮基础上补饲舔砖。结果表明:补饲复合矿物质舔砖可明显提高育肥羊日增重,尤其是舍饲育肥组羊日增重极显著提高(P0.01)。补饲复合矿物质舔砖可有效提高育肥羊日粮的蛋白质利用率,提高机体免疫力。说明补饲复合矿物质舔砖可以提高育肥羊生长性能和免疫力。     

谷胱甘肽对育肥羊生长性能及生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ轴调控作用的研究

本文旨在研究谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)对育肥羊生长性能及生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(GH/IGF-Ⅰ)轴的影响.试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将12只3月龄东北细毛羊与德国肉用美利奴羊杂交一代育肥羊分为3组,每组4个重复,每组羊公母各占1/2.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组1和试验组2分别在基础日粮的基础上添加500和800 mg/kg的GSH,试验期为60 d.测定谷胱甘肽对育肥羊生长性能和血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ浓度及组织中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达量的影响.结果表明:日粮中添加GSH显著提高了试验组育肥羊的日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低了试验组育肥羊的料重比(P＜0.05),但对育肥羊的日采食量无显著影响(P＞0.05);试验20、40和60 d时,试验组育肥羊血清中的生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥羊肝脏和背最长肌中IGF-ⅠmRNA的表达量有所提高,当GSH添加量达到800 mg/kg时,育肥羊背最长肌中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA的表达量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).因此,本试验初步得出,日粮中添加GSH促进了肝脏IGF-Ⅰ的分泌,提高了肌肉中IGF-Ⅰ mRNA的表达量,提高血清中GH与IGF-Ⅰ浓度,从而促进了育肥羊的生长.     

不同粗饲料对育肥羊屠宰性能的影响

本试验利用不同粗饲料对育肥羊屠宰性能的影响进行研究,以期为饲草资源的开发利用、肉羊育肥中不同日粮组合、不同杂交组合的选择与制定提供理论依据。试验结果:三个日粮组合中,玉米青贮组试验羊屠宰性能优于苜蓿组、苜蓿组优于干麦草组;萨×寒F1屠宰性能优于陶×寒F1,陶×寒F1优于小尾寒羊。     

饲粮添加氨基酸锌对育肥羊屠宰性能、肉品质及血液和组织中微量元素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究氨基酸锌对育肥羊屠宰性能、肉品质及血液和组织中微量元素含量的影响。选择4月龄、体重为(29.00±0.61)kg的健康滩湖杂F1代公羊48只,随机分为4组,每组12只。对照组饲粮锌含量为52.80 mg/kg(硫酸锌),其中不含硫酸锌的锌含量为18.02 mg/kg,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组试验饲粮锌含量分别为对照组饲粮的1/2、1和2倍(氨基酸锌),预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:饲粮添加氨基酸锌显著提高了育肥羊平均日增重(P<0.05),以试验Ⅱ组平均日增重最高,达到283.59 g/d。饲粮添加氨基酸锌对育肥羊屠宰性能、肉质理化性状无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着饲粮氨基酸锌添加量增加,试验组肉骨比、背膘厚、眼肌面积先升高后降低,GR值、肌内脂肪含量升高,剪切力降低;试验组血液锌含量均高于对照组,在同等锌添加量条件下,试验Ⅱ组血清锌含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各组间背最长肌、肾脏、心脏、肝脏及肺脏组织的锌含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但氨基酸锌添加量过高会影响肌肉、肾脏、心脏、肺脏中铁沉积及肝脏中铜沉积。综上所述,饲粮添加氨基酸锌可促进育肥羊生长,改善肉品质;在锌含量为18.02 mg/kg的基础饲粮中添加52.80 mg/kg锌(氨基酸锌)效果最佳。     

麦秸微贮的营养价值及对育肥羊增重的效果分析

该研究旨在评价麦秸秆微贮后营养价值及对育肥羊增重的效果,为充分利用麦秸资源提供理论依据。在麦秸中添加复合菌酶制剂,发酵后通过常规养分测定评定营养价值变化;通过饲养试验研究对育肥羊的增重效果。结果表明,麦秸秆经微贮处理后粗蛋白质、粗灰分分别提高1.18%和2.82%;干物质、粗纤维比未处理的麦秸秆分别降低0.79%和7.38%。试验羊在同等饲养条件下,麦秸秆微贮+精料育肥羊60 d,多浪羊增重10.5 kg/只、山羊增重8.63 kg/只,较麦秸+精料多浪羊多增重2.58 kg/只、山羊多增重2.26 kg/只。麦秸经复合菌酶制剂发酵后,可有效提高其营养价值,改善育肥羊增重,增加养殖效益。     

不同粗料全混合日粮短期育肥湖羊羔羊的效果

<正>在育肥羊的日粮中,粗饲料通常占60%⁷0%,甚至更高,是育肥羊重要的营养来源^[1]。本试验结合羊的TMR饲喂技术,从营养供给角度,合理、充分地利用本地丰富的粗饲料原料资源,就地取材,按照羊的营养需要量及TMR模式科学设计3种不同类型粗饲料的TMR配方,对湖羊羔羊开展了短期育肥试验,现将试验结果报     

Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Six Types of Common Roughage in Khorchin Beef Cattle in Tongliao City

[Objective] The paper was to study the degradation characteristics of different types of roughage in Khorchin beef cattle. [Method] The nylon bag method was used to determine the rumen degradability of six types of roughage: dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF). [Result] Among the six types of roughage, alfalfa hay had the highest effective degradability of DM and CP in rumen; followed by alfalfa block, corn silage, leymus chinensis and corn stover, and the effective degradability of rice straw was lowest. In terms of effective degradability of NDF and ADF, alfalfa hay was the most effective, while leymus chinensis was the least effective. [Conclusion]Considering degradation characteristics of six types of roughage in Khorchin beef cattle, alfalfa hay possesses the highest nutritional value, while rice straw has the lowest value.     

不同粗饲料对奶牛能量代谢的影响

本试验选择16头处于干奶期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,各试验牛体重、年龄、胎次相近,随机分成4组,每组4头。试验分为两期,一期饲喂基础日粮,二期以苜蓿、羊草、全株玉米青贮和干玉米秸秆各粗饲料替代30%基础日粮。考察不同粗饲料对奶牛能量代谢的影响。试验结果表明苜蓿的饲草相对饲用价值(RFV)值最高,一定程度上说明了苜蓿的营养价值最高,玉米青贮较玉米秸秆饲草相对饲用价值(RFV)值高,说明青贮改善了玉米秸秆的品质,提高其营养价值。     

华北驼绒藜替代不同比例粗饲料对苏尼特羊增重及经济效益的影响

试验将驼绒藜按不同精粗比配合成颗粒日粮饲喂苏尼特羊,对比分析驼绒藜日粮与苜蓿日粮、谷草日粮对羊增重的效果。结果表明,华北驼绒藜、苜蓿、谷草铡短粉碎与50%、30%精料混合制成颗粒日粮对绵羊体增重效果最好,日增重可达127 g/d;在荒漠草原区,苜蓿的高价格是限制其推广的主要原因;华北驼绒藜和谷草在30%精料水平下,与同精料水平条件下用苜蓿饲喂绵羊具有相同的增重效果,并可增加纯收入80元/只。     

提取精油后废弃薰衣草秸秆育肥牛试验效果分析

为探索废弃薰衣草秸秆的高效开发利用技术,将提取精油后产生的薰衣草秸秆制作成薰衣草秸秆青贮．开展薰衣草秸秆青贮与常规饲草料的育肥肉牛效果对比试验。选用新疆褐牛公牛40头,随机分为试验组和对照组．每组20头牛。试验组粗饲料为薰衣草秸秆青贮,对照组粗饲料为玉米秸秆青贮,饲喂量均为8～12kg／a,两组精饲料配方相同。预饲期10d,正式育肥期共210d。记录正式育肥期始末实验牛只的体重,计算试验期增重和平均日增重。结果表明,薰衣草秸秆青贮育肥牛与常规玉米秸秆育肥牛在增重指标上差异不显著（P〉0．05）,育肥期内薰衣草秸秆青贮育肥牛日增重为（0．98±0．10）kg,玉米秸秆育肥牛日增重为（0．99±0．11）kg。薰衣草秸秆与常规饲草料育肥肉牛的效果相似,表明薰衣草秸秆青贮能够作为粗饲料应用于肉牛养殖。     

添加苜蓿草块对不同品种肉牛育肥效果的影响

在相同环境条件下,试验在3种苜蓿草块添加量下对不同品种肉用牛进行5期的育肥效果研究。通过测定不同品种的体重、日增重及粗饲料采食量,来比较不同品种肉牛增重效果。试验结果表明,在精粗比下降的情况下,添加苜蓿草块能起到提高日增重的效应,与不添加相比,荷斯坦组差异极显著（P<0.01）,新褐杂组前后差异显著（P<0.05）,安杂组差异不显著（P>0.05）。在本试验营养水平与体重下,新褐杂组、荷斯坦组、安杂组各组苜蓿草块适宜的添加量分别为1.2、1.2、0.5 kg。结合农区养牛现状及生产力水平在低精粗比的情况下,肉牛应该首先考虑使用本地优良品种。     

Roughage sources in beef cattle finishing diets.

In four feeding trials with beef steers, corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH), and alfalfa silage (AS) were compared as roughage sources in dry-rolled (DRC); dry whole (DWC); ground, high-moisture (GHMC); and whole, high-moisture corn (WHMC) fattening diets. In processed corn diets (DRC and GHMC), steers fed CS had lower DMI (P less than .05) and feed:gain ratios (P less than .10) than steers fed AS as the roughage source. In a separate trial, greater gains (P less than .10) and lower feed:gain ratios (P less than .05) were found during the initial feeding period, which included the adaptation phase, for steers fed CS vs steers fed AH as the roughage source. Over the entire feeding period, lower (corn type x roughage source interaction, P less than .05) feed:gain ratios were found in GHMC diets when CS was fed as the roughage source; feed:gain ratios were similar in steers fed DRC diets containing either CS or AH. Over the entire feeding period, similar performance was found among steers fed the various roughage sources in DWC diets; however, with WHMC diets, steers fed AS as the roughage source had lower feed:gain ratios than did steers fed AH (P less than .05) or CS (P greater than .10). In the processed corn diets, high correlations were found between diet NDF digestibility and gain (r = .80), intake (r = .68), and feed:gain ratios (r = -.66); similar trends were found in WHMC diets but not in DWC diets. These results suggest that the ideal roughage source to complement finishing diets may depend on corn processing method and feeding period (adaptation vs finishing).     

不同粗饲料组合效应对育肥公羊生产性能及经济效益的影响

为研究不同粗饲料组合效应对育肥公羊采食量、日增重、料肉比及经济效益的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,将体重相近的40只小尾寒羊后备种公羊随机分为8组,每组5只。基于等能等氮原则配制日增重350 g试验饲粮,其中A组日粮中粗饲料添加苜蓿,B组添加玉米秸秆,C组添加棉花秸秆,D组添加苜蓿和棉花秸秆,E组添加苜蓿和玉米秸秆,F、G、H组添加不同比例苜蓿、棉花秸秆和玉米秸秆。试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明:(1)G组干物质采食量极显著高于C组和D组(P<0.01),显著高于F组(P<0.05);A、B、E、H组干物质采食量极显著高于C组和D组(P<0.01);F组干物质采食量显著高于C组(P<0.05)。(2)A组日增重极显著高于C组(P<0.01),显著高于D组(P<0.05);G组日增重显著高于C组和D组(P<0.05)。(3)A组饲粮单价最高,C组单价最低,饲料单价如下趋势:A组>E组>G组>H组>F组>D组>B组>C组,饲料总成本趋势与饲料单价趋势基本相同。(4)增重收益中A组最高,C组最低,前者比后者高35.76%;经济效益G组最高,D组最低,前者比后者高34.46%。综上,在本试验条件下,以苜蓿:玉米秸秆:棉杆为12:24:13调配日粮时,经济效益最优,为265.43元/只。     

Effects of roughage source and concentration on intake and performance by finishing heifers

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of roughage source and concentration on intake and performance by finishing heifers. In Exp. 1, 12 medium-framed beef heifers (average BW = 389 kg) were used in three simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin square intake trials to evaluate the effects of dietary NDF supply from alfalfa hay, sudan hay, wheat straw, or cottonseed hulls fed in each Latin square at 5, 10, or 15% of dietary DM. Within each roughage concentration, roughage NDF accounted for the majority of variation in NEg intake/kg of BW0.75 among the roughage sources. Averaged across roughage concentrations, NEg intake/kg of BW0.75 tended to be greater (P < 0.10) when heifers were fed cottonseed hulls, sudan hay, or wheat straw than when they were fed alfalfa. In Exp. 2, six medium-framed beef heifers (average BW = 273 kg) were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to determine whether diets containing 10% (DM basis) alfalfa, cottonseed hulls, or sudan silage differed in eating rate. Average DM eating rates did not differ (P > 0.10) among roughage sources, which we interpreted to suggest that 90% concentrate diets containing alfalfa, cottonseed hulls, and sudan silage do not differ in the amount of chewing required during eating. In Exp. 3, 105 medium-framed beef heifers (average BW = 275 kg) were used in a 140-d finishing trial to evaluate three methods of dietary roughage exchange. Alfalfa at 12.5% of the dietary DM (ALF12.5) was used as a standard, and cottonseed hulls and sudan silage were each fed at three different levels: exchanged with ALF12.5 on an equal percentage DM basis, an equal NDF basis, or an equal NDF basis, where only NDF from particles larger than 2.36 mm (retained NDF) were considered to contribute to the NDF. No differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, DMI, gain:feed ratio, or NEg intake/kg of BW0.75 were detected between alfalfa and cottonseed hulls exchanged on an equal NDF basis. For sudan silage, exchanging with ALF12.5 on an equal retained NDF basis resulted in no differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, DMI, or NEg intake/kg of BW0.75. These data provide a preliminary indication that depending on the roughage sources evaluated, roughage NDF content and(or) roughage NDF from particles larger than 2.36 mm might provide a useful index of roughage value in high-concentrate finishing diets.     

Sorghum grain flake density and source of roughage in feedlot cattle diets.

Feedlot performance was studied in a 262-d trial using 126 crossbred beef steers (182 kg initial BW) to determine whether source of dietary roughage influences performance and carcass characteristics by steers fed growing (112 d) and finishing (150 d) diets with various flake densities (FD) of steam-processed sorghum grain. A 3 x 3 arrangement of treatments (two pens of seven steers each) was used, with dietary roughages being chopped alfalfa hay or 50:50 mixtures (equal NDF basis) of cotton-seed hulls or chopped wheat straw with alfalfa hay; sorghum grain was steam-flaked to densities of 386, 322, and 257 g/L (SF30, SF25, and SF20, reflecting bushel weight in pounds). The effects of these same FD on nutrient digestibilities were determined in three experiments with 24 crossbred steers fed finishing diets containing each of the roughage sources. No interactions between FD and roughage type were detected in any performance or carcass measurements (P > .10). Intake of DM decreased linearly (P < .05) in response to decreased FD. Daily rate and efficiency of gain were not altered (P >.10) by FD. Decreasing FD decreased linearly (P < .05) dressing percentage and fat thickness, but not other carcass measurements. Dietary roughage did not affect (P >.10) daily gains or carcass measurements, but DM intake was lower and feed efficiencies were superior (P < .05) when alfalfa hay was the sole source of roughage. Cottonseed hulls and wheat straw were relatively less valuable in the low roughage finishing diets than in higher roughage growing diets. Digestibilities of starch increased linearly as FD was decreased (P = .02) when steers were fed diets containing wheat straw, but not for alfalfa hay or cottonseed hull diets. Digestibilities of DM did not vary with changes in FD; however, changes in CP, NDF, and ADF digestibilities due to FD seemed to differ among experiments. In conclusion, performance and carcass measurement responses by growing-finishing steers to differences in sorghum grain FD were not related to source of dietary roughage, but diets with alfalfa hay as the only source of roughage were most efficient. Decreasing FD of sorghum grain below 386 g/L (30 lb/bu) was not advantageous in improving performance or carcass merit by growing-finishing steers.