四神叶形吸虫的DNA含量及蛋白质电泳分析

四种叶形吸虫成虫初级精母细胞核ＤＮＡ含量测定表明，寄生于较高等鱼类宿主的中华叶形吸虫和鳗鲡叶形吸虫的ＤＮＡ含量较高（Ｃ值分别为０．２５ｐｇ和０．２６ｐｇ），而寄生于较低等鱼类宿主的鲶叶形吸虫和巴氏叶形吸虫的ＤＮＡ含量较低（Ｃ值分别为０．２１ｐｇ和０．２０ｐｇ）。这四种叶形吸虫成虫全蛋白质浓度梯度凝胶电泳分析进一步显示，中华叶形吸虫与鳗鲡叶形吸虫构成一近缘亚群（Ｓｍ＝０．６５７９，Ｄ＝０．４１８７），而鲶叶形吸虫和巴氏叶形吸虫构成另一近缘亚群（Ｓｍ＝０．６１７６，Ｄ＝０．４８１９）；这两个亚群间的相似系数值（Ｓｍ）小于０．５３，遗传距离值（Ｄ）大于０．６４。以上结果从分子水平上再次证实将叶形吸虫属划分为两个亚属是有根据的。     

四种叶形吸虫的DNA含量及蛋白质电泳分析

四种叶形吸虫成虫初级精母细胞核ＤＮＡ含量测定表明，寄生于较高等鱼类宿主的中华叶开骸虫和鳗丽叶形吸虫的ＤＮＡ的含量较高（Ｃ值分别为０．２５ｐｇ和０．２６ｐｇ），而寄生于较低等鱼类宿主的鲶叶形吸虫和巴氏叶形吸虫的ＤＮＡ含量较低（Ｃ值分别为０．２１ｐｇ和０．２０ｐｇ）。这四种叶形吸虫成虫全蛋白质浓度梯度凝胶电泳分析进一步显示，中华形吸虫与鳗丽叶形吸虫构成一年缘亚群（Ｓｍ＝０．６５７９，Ｄ＝０．４１８７）     

不同倍性燕麦的核型分析

试验采用根尖压片法分别对燕麦的3个种Avena nudibreri,A.hispanica和A.sativa的燕麦材料的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明:Avena nudibreri的染色体数目为2n=14,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具2对近中部着丝点染色体和五对中部着丝点染色体,其中第5对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena hispanica的染色体数目为2n=28,核型公式为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2SAT),着丝点的位置有近中部着丝点和中部着丝点区,其中第10对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena sativa的染色体数目为2n=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=26m+16sm(4SAT),具8对近中部着丝点染色体,第12对和第17对染色体短臂末端带有随体,其余为中部着丝点染色体,染色体组型属2B型。     

番鸭、家鸭及其属间杂种的染色体比较研究（摘要）

本研究用骨髓细胞染色体制片法，分析了番鸭、白羽蛋鸭及其杂种Ｆ１半番鸭的有丝分裂中期染色体核型。三种鸭的染色体数目２ｎ绝大多数为７８。番鸭的第１号染色体是亚中着丝点染色体（Ｓｍ），白羽蛋鸭是中部着丝点染色体（ｍ）；第２号均为中部着丝点染色体（ｍ）；性染色体为ｚｚ（♂）／ｚｗ（♀）型，番鸭的ｚ染色体为端着丝点染色体（ｔ），白羽蛋鸭为亚端着丝点染色体（ｓｔ）；其余染色体均为端着丝点染色体（ｔ）。番鸭和家鸭的第１号染色体和ｚ染色体的核型不同是造成Ｆ１不育的主要原因。     

布尔山羊的染色体核型分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法，对布尔山羊的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明，布尔山羊的二倍体染色体数目为2n=60，公羊核型为60，XY；母羊核型为60，XX。共有29对常染色体和1对性染色体。所有常染色体均为端部着丝点染色体；X染色体为第二大的端部着丝点染色体，Y染色体为最小的天是唯一的中部着丝点染色体。研究发现，布尔山羊存在1.7％的三倍体和5.9％的四倍体。     

鹅观草属三个物种及其居群间核型变异研究

报道了鹅观草属3个物种,毛叶鹅观草、竖立鹅观草和纤毛鹅观草及其居群间的核型,其中R. amurensis的核型2n=4x=28=24m(2SAT) 4sm为首次报道.结果表明,3个物种绝大多数由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成,具1对随体,几乎都位于第14对染色体上.核型类型为2A.但在核型公式、平均臂比、臂比大于1.7的染色体比率等方面,不仅3个物种的种间存在一定的差异,而且R. ciliaris和R. japonensis的种内不同居群间也存在差异,表明R. ciliaris和R. japonensis种内具有较大的遗传多样性.     

早熟禾族3种基因型草坪草的染色体核型分析

通过对禾本科早熟禾族(Poeae)匍匐翦股颖(帕特putter)和多年生黑麦草(首相premier、焦点focus)3种草坪草染色体核型进行分析,结果显示,3种基因型材料的染色体均以中部着丝点和近中部着丝点染色体为主,都具有随体。匍匐翦股颖帕特体细胞染色体数目为30条,核型公式是2n=30=22m(2SAT)+2sm,核型不对称系数(AS.K%)55.2%,分类标准属于“2C”型;多年生黑麦草2个品种草坪草体细胞染色体数目均为14条,其中首相核型公式是2n=14=12m(2SAT)+2st,核型不对称系数58.0%,核型分类标准属于“2C”型;焦点核型公式是2n=14=6m(2SAT)+8sm,核型不对称系数63.05%,属于“2B”型。     

西藏砂生槐的核型分析

西藏砂生槐的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８，其核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８＝１２ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ，即６对中部着丝点染色体和３对近中部着丝点染色体；第２对染色体的短臂和第４对染色体的长臂上各带１对随体。     

种公牛1/29染色体罗伯逊易位的检测结果及其遗传效应分析

通过对夏洛来、利木赞、西门塔尔三个品种共98头种公牛染色体的遗传检测，在加系夏洛来牛中发现一例1／29染色体罗伯逊易位纯合种公牛及后代1／29罗伯逊易位杂合母牛一例。讨论了1／29染色体罗伯逊易位对繁殖性能的影响。三品种种公牛Y染色体均为中部着丝点，X染色体有中部着丝点和亚中部着丝点两种类型，在品种间呈多态性。     

安哥拉山羊染色体核型分析

本实验采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及常规染色体标本制作技术，分析了安歌拉山羊的染色体核型。结果表明：安歌拉山羊染色体数目为2n=60。其中29对常染色体和1对性染色体，母羊为60，XX，公羊为60，XY。所有的常染色体为瑞部着丝点染色体，X染色体为第2对大端部着丝点染色体，Y染色体是最小的而且是唯一的中部着丝点染色体。研究发现，安歌拉山羊存在2．5％的四倍体。     

科尔沁牛染色体14/24易位的初步研究

对内蒙古哲盟地区的5头科尔沁牛进行了细胞遗传学检查。结果:3♀和1♂核型全为2n=60,可配成30对,29对常染色体和1对性染色体,性染色体X为大型亚中着丝粒,Y为小型亚中着丝粒染色体;1♂的核型为异常核型,59,XY,t(14:24)。14/24易位是单独发生的。     

Karyotypes of three shrew species (Soriculus nigrescens,Episoriculus caudatus and Episoriculus sacratus) from Nepal

The karyotypes of three shrew species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) from Nepal were examined for the first time. Based on the karyotypes and overall differences in skull size, the current Episoriculus caudatus appeared to include two distinct species: the larger E. caudatus and the smaller Episoriculus sacratus. Episoriculus sacratus has three subspecies, E. s. soluensis in Nepal and Sikkim, E. s. umbrinus in Assam, Myanmar and the Yunnan Province of China, and E. s. sacratus in the Sichuan Province of China. Soriculus nigrescens had a diploid chromosome number (2n) and fundamental number (FN), including two X chromosomes, of 64 and 92, respectively, consisting of 11 metacentric or submetacentric, two subtelocentric and 18 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a metacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus sacratus soluensis had 2n = 74 and FN = 126, consisting of 12 metacentric or submetacentric, 13 subtelocentric and 11 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a submetacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus caudatus had 2n = 60 and FN = 118, consisting of 19 metacentric or submetacentric, nine subtelocentric and one acrocentric pair of autosomes, a subtelocentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. The karyotypes of these three species are characterized by their large 2n and FN values compared with other Soricidae.     

泽蛙的染色体组型研究

本文用骨髓细胞制片法，分析了福建产泽蛙的染色体组型。其二倍体染色体数目为２６，臂数为肥，配成１３对，分为二个组：大型染色体组（ＮＯ１－５），小型染色体组（ＮＯ６－１３）。大型染色体组中除ＮＯ３为亚中部着丝粒染色体外，其余为中部着丝粒染色体；小型染色体组中ＮＯ６、７对的短臂上有明显次缢痕，除ＮＯ８、１１对为亚中部着丝粒染色体外，其余均为中部着丝粒染色体。福建产泽蛙中期分裂相中见有Ｂ染色体一条，其形态为端着丝粒染色体。通过福建产的泽蛙与安徽、广东、四川及日本和菲律宾等地区泽蛙染色体组型的比较，结果是差异明显，显示出泽蛙核型多样性。     

无特定病原体京白鸡的核型研究

采用腹腔注射秋水仙素,取骨髓细胞制备染色体标本,对无特定病原体京白鸡的核型进行了分析.并根据前10对染色体相对长度、臂比值及着丝点指数的测量结果,与已公布的其它地方鸡品种进行了比较.     

Cytogenetic study of bovine leukosis

Nine dairy cows aged four to eleven years were subjected to examination by chromosomal analysis. These cows had been found, by haematological examination, to suffer from leucosis. The study also covered one ten-day-old calf - heifer. The test group included two dam-daughter pairs. The animals belonged to the Black-Pied Lowland breed. The blood was sampled from vena jugularis and the karyotypes were processed and evaluated by the method after Moorhead et al. (1960), modified by Lojda et al. (1974). A list was kept for each animal. The tested animals were included in classes by the percentages of the chromosome aberrations: class I - two animals (up to 10% of aberrations), class II - seven animals (from 10% to 20% of aberrations), class III - one animal (above 20% of aberrations). Hyposomy was found in all cases, polysomy and hyperploidy in four cases. Structural aberrations were observed in nine cases, breaks being the most frequent anomalies (7 cases). Breaks on sexual chromosomes were observed in five cases, including the dam-daughter pairs; centric fusion occurred in one case and mixed aberrations in two cases.     

Chromosomal rearrangements occurred repeatedly and independently during species diversification in Malagasy geckos,genus Paroedura

We conducted a phylogenetic study through karyological data, by standard staining and Ag-NOR banding, and molecular analysis (by 12S and 16S mitochondrial rRNA genes and nuclear gene C-mos) on 11 species of Malagasy geckos, genus Paroedura, and two relatives (Ebenavia inunguis and Uroplatus phantasticus). Ebenavia inunguis and U. phantasticus had 2n = 36 telocentric elements, NORs on the first chromosome pair in E. inunguis, and on the third chromosome pair in U. phantasticus. All examined Paroedura showed NORs on the smallest chromosome pair; moreover, six of the eleven examined species show a 2n = 36 karyotype, with a pair of metacentrics and 17 telocentric pair. The remaining species exhibited karyotypes with a diploid chromosome number ranging from 2n = 31 to 2n = 38. We assume that these karyotype assemblages derived from the 2n=36 karyotype by cryptic and/or simple rearrangements, such as inversions, fissions and fusions. Furthermore, molecular and/or chromosomal data indicate that Paroedura is a monophyletic genus, in which chromosome rearrangements occurred repeatedly and independently during the specific diversification. Moreover both P. bastardi and P. gracilis in current definitions are paraphyletic assemblages of several related species, since their population proves more closely related to P. ibityensis or P. oviceps than co-specific populations.     

山西白羊草染色体核型分析

选用山西白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)种子为材料,采用根尖压片法进行细胞染色体核型分析,为白羊草的种质资源利用及育种提供细胞学依据。观察统计了30个完整的中期分裂相确定染色体数目,并选其中5个分裂相进行核型分析。结果表明,白羊草染色体数为2n=40,核型公式为K(2n)=4x=40=34m+6sm,其中中部着丝粒染色体(m)为17对,近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)为3对,核型类型为1B。核型不对称系数为58.32%。     

七种野生铁线莲属植物核型分析

铁线莲属植物种间在形态、香味、花量、绿期及生活型等方面差异较大,遗传背景也相对复杂,因此在杂交育种前了解其核型特征意义重大。采用染色体常规压片法,对东方铁线莲、大花铁线莲、大叶铁线莲、褐毛铁线莲、棉团铁线莲、齿叶铁线莲和东北铁线莲7种野生铁线莲属植物的倍性及核型进行分析,结果表明,1) 7种野生铁线莲中除东北铁线莲为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外,另外6种均为二倍体(2n=2x=16),染色体基数为8。染色体类型有中部(m)、亚中部(sm)、亚端部(st)、端部(t)4种,其中大花铁线莲和大叶铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+2st+t,褐毛铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+3st,棉团铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+2st(SAT)+t,齿叶铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m(SAT)+2st+t,东方铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m(SAT)+sm(SAT)+2st,东北铁线莲的核型公式为2n=4x=32=5m+2st+t。东方铁线莲、棉团铁线莲、齿叶铁线莲的短臂上带有随体。2) 核型不对称系数为62.27%~66.77%,核型类型均为2A型,表明7种野生铁线莲属植物的进化程度均较原始。其中,褐毛铁线莲和齿叶铁线莲为首次报道。