新疆卡拉库尔羊的研究现状及前景

中国卡拉库尔羊(Karakul Rams)是利用从前苏联引进的卡拉库尔羊与国内的库车羊、哈萨克羊、蒙古羊经级进杂交而育成的羔皮用绵羊品种。卡拉库尔羊所产羔皮在国际市场上称为波斯羔皮,以乌兹别克布哈拉的一个羔皮贸易中心村镇卡拉库尔得名。卡拉库尔羊原产于中亚细亚的荒漠、半荒     

彩色卡拉库尔羊毛色分离选育技术总结

卡拉库尔羊原产于中亚细亚,荒漠、半荒漠地区,是一个古老的羔皮绵羊品种.所产羔皮具有独特花卷类型和多种珍贵毛色,在国际裘皮市场上享有盛誉,称卡拉库尔羔皮或波斯羔皮,为国际裘皮市场二大支柱之一.目前世界上,前苏联等50余国家和地区有各色卡拉库尔羊3 000余万只.     

高寒阴湿山区也可以发展三北羊

三北羊(原名叫卡拉库尔羊)属羔皮、乳肉兼用的长脂尾粗毛羊,是在荒漠、半荒漠自然地理条件下育成的一个古老珍贵的羔皮羊品种,已有一千多年的悠久历史。原产地属大陆性气候。年均降雨量仅在100—200毫米,年均温度为16℃,夏季炎热干旱,冬季低温寒冷。长期的这种外界生活条件,使三北羊具有耐粗放、耐粗饲、耐干旱、耐寒热等特性。由于它     

新疆三北羔皮羊生产基地羔皮品质的分析比较

<正> 新疆饲养羔皮羊历史悠久。维吾尔族人民在长期的牧业生产实践中,培育了驰名全国的库车羊(库车紫羔羊)。解放后,党和国家十分关怀边疆的生产建设,自1951年以来,先后三批从国外引进卡拉库尔羊。在库车种羊场进行纯种繁育和杂交改良试验。在当地荒漠、半荒漠以放牧为主的生态条件下,经过近三十年的纯种繁育和对库车羊、罗布羊、细毛杂种羊、哈萨克羊的杂交改良,初步育成了具有自己特点、适应性强、遗传性稳固的新疆三北羔皮羊,1978年曾获全国科学大会重大科研成果奖。本文拟通过对新疆三北羔皮羊生产基地——阿克苏地区的黑色羔皮品质的比较分析,说明三北羊(卡拉库尔羊)对库车羊、罗布羊的杂交效果,为新疆三北羔皮羊育种工作提供参考。     

广西三北羊羔皮品质的测定

三北羊(亦叫波斯羔皮羊或卡拉库尔羊)原产于干旱荒漠草原地区,是世界珍贵的羔皮羊品种。1973年我区从新疆石河子地区引入部分三北羊饲养繁殖。1977年,为探讨在我区四季常青、雨量充沛、水草丰茂的条件下羔皮品质的变化情况,我们对经风土驯化三年的三北羊的淡板羔皮,进行了抽样     

三北羔皮羊

三北羔皮羊(图1)在国际上称为卡拉库尔羊或波斯羔羊,原产中亚细亚荒漠、半荒漠草原,是经过长期培育而成的羔皮、肉、乳兼用优良品种绵羊,距今已有一千多年的历史。我国于五十年代开始引种,投放于新疆、内蒙等自治区(省)的荒漠、半荒漠草原地区,近年来逐渐向其它省区扩展。目前已发展到一百多万只,年产羔皮十万张左右。     

三北羊蒙古羊杂交一代羔皮品质和生长发育的研究

三北羊(原称卡拉库尔羊)是世界上最珍贵的羔皮羊品种。它繁殖于荒漠、半荒漠草原地区,能利用贫瘠的草原,生产出价值很高的产品——羔皮。苏联、西南非、阿富汗、伊朗、蒙古等许多国家和地区,都在大力发展三北羊,其发展的途径,除纯种繁殖以外,还通过用三北羊与本地绵羊杂交。     

卡拉库尔羊初生羔羊皮肤组织构造的研究

<正> 本文在于通过卡拉库尔羊初生羔羊皮肤组织构造的观察,进一步对卡拉库尔羔皮组织构造及不同毛卷类型羔皮组织构造的特点加以了解,为该地区卡拉库尔羔皮羊的育种提供依据。     

必须不断地改进卡拉库尔羊的育种工作

卡拉库尔羊品种是在严酷的荒漠条件下育成的。这种绵羊具有特殊的耐苦性,对饲料的要求不高,它在不利时期大降体重,而后又能很快地恢复起来。根据它们的生物学特性属于脂尾羊类,因此适于干旱地区繁育。卡拉库尔羊很容易驯化,因此几乎有50个国家都在繁育着这种绵羊。但是在国际毛皮市场上,提供卡拉库尔羔皮的主要国家只有苏联、西南非和阿富汗。由于国际市场和国内人民的需要,而向毛皮加工业提供的羔皮数量愈来愈多,这就要求我们在进一步提高这个品种方面     

卡拉库尔养羊业的概况和动态

卡拉库尔羊是羔皮—乳兼用的长脂尾粗毛羊,是世界上最珍贵的羔皮羊品种,具有特殊的经济价值。在上世纪末和本世纪初卡拉库尔羊只集中于苏联现在的乌兹别克和上克曼加盟共和国以及阿富汗的小部分地区。以后,在苏联不断扩大到十个加盟共和国的部分地区,而且还扩展到西南非、南非联邦、西非(安哥拉)、伊朗、罗马尼亚、德国、美国、法国、匈牙利、奥地利、蒙古和中国等地。卡拉库尔养羊业所以能获得这样迅速的发展,主要由于第一,卡拉库尔羔皮是极珍贵的毛皮原料。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.