乳牛发情配种前后的不同方法处理与受胎率的关系

乳牛发情配种之时,技术人员凭肉眼观察发现母牛粘液浑浊、轻度炎症渗出物等症状,或直检子宫弹性和大小轻度异常,配种后返情2—3次而卵巢功能正常的这类牛,为了提高受胎率和缩短空怀期,往往不给予停配治疗,而采用配种前后用药物子宫处理方法来达到受胎的目的。我们1985至1987年间对245头有上述症状经产母牛进行了配种     

新奶牛子宫炎防治药物的研究

采用新药“子宫净”防治产后母牛子宫炎49头，处理母牛配种率，情期受胎率和配种母牛产仔率分别达到95．9％，92．2％和97．9％。用其它药物防治母牛36头，配种率，情期受胎率和配种母牛产仔率分别达到100％，56．2％，89％。试验结果说明“子宫净”对奶牛子宫炎具有良好的防治效果，母牛情期配种受胎率比用其它药物提高64．1％。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗

奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗折慈绪，梁松林（兰化生活服务公司奶牛场兰州７３００６０）子宫内膜炎是奶牛的常见病，多发病，严重影响奶牛的正常繁殖。近年来笔者采用了不同的药物，治疗子宫内膜炎，介绍如下：１药物和剂量１．１宫净灌西安奶业研究所研制生产，塑料针管包装，...     

奶牛子宫炎防治药物的研究

采用新研制的“子宫净”防治产后母牛子宫炎49头，经处理的母牛配种率，情期受胎率和配种母牛产犊率分别达到95．9％、92．2％和97．9％。用其它药物防治母牛36头，配种率，情期受胎率和配种母牛产犊率分别达到100％、56．2％和89％。试验结果说明“子宫净”对奶牛子宫炎具有良好的防治效果，母牛情期配种受胎率比用其它药物提高64．1％。     

奶牛屡配不孕症的综合治疗

奶牛屡配不孕是指奶牛性周期正常或基本正常、生殖系统临床无异常、且配种两次及两次以上未妊娠的病症，是影响规模化奶牛场受胎率最主要的因素之一。由于其临床症状不明显、病因复杂，治疗效果往往不佳。有些奶牛因长期不孕，最后被迫淘汰。其淘汰率占繁殖疾病的20％－30％，给奶牛场生产造成一定的损失。笔者采用多种药物、不同给药途径综合治疗奶牛屡配不孕197例，共受胎126头，情期受胎率为63．96％，收到良好的效果。     

规模化牧场奶牛屡配不孕的综合治疗效果

奶牛屡配不孕是指奶牛性周期正常或基本正常、生殖系统临床无异常、且配种两次及两次以上未妊娠的病症，是影响规模化奶牛场受胎率最主要的因素之一。由于其临床症状不明显、病因复杂，治疗效果往往不佳。有些奶牛因长期不孕，最后被迫淘汰，其淘汰率占繁殖疾病的20％-30％，给奶牛场生产造成一定的损失。笔者采用多种药物和不同给药途径综合治疗奶牛屡配不孕197例，共受胎126头，情期受胎率为63．96％，收到良好的效果。现总结分析如下。     

子宫冲洗新技术治疗奶牛子宫炎试验

目前治疗子宫炎主要采用子宫直接投药，靠自然排出，这样会造成炎性物质不能短时间内排出，所以影响奶牛正常发情配种，时间更长者造成不孕。为了验证子宫冲洗新技术治疗奶牛了宫炎的效果，试验在季节、饲养管理、病牛初始症状基本相同的情况下，用两种方法冲洗子宫治疗子宫炎并进行了对比，处理后3个月统计正常发情配种情况，结果应用新方法组牛正常发情配种率为60．71％，旧方法正常发情配种率为33．33％，新方法效果明显好于旧方法；在新方法中，对冲洗子宫后是否投药进行了对比，结果投药与不投药无显著性差异，但投药效果好于不投药，3个月后统计，投药组获68．42％的正常发情配种率，不投药组获44．44％的正常发情配种率，建议生产上采用新方法冲洗子宫后进行投药处理，但要选择安全性高的药品，尽量不要影响牛奶的生产。     

应用露它净净化子宫提高奶牛受胎率

影响奶牛受胎的因素较多，其中奶牛在产后胎衣自行脱落或处理后排出胎衣，子宫都会不同程度受到感染。大多数奶牛在进入配种前能恢复正常，但有一部分奶牛会转为隐性或轻度子宫内膜炎。这种情况在日常工作中不易被人察觉，如参加配种不仅受胎率低，而且还加重炎症的程度。针对此种情况，我们应用露它净对如牛产后净化子宫来达到提高奶牛情期受胎率，取得了较好的效果。1奶牛来源及状况奶牛来自齐齐哈尔市建华畜牧场、铁锋畜牧场及奶牛个体户，共计90头。其中恶露不尽奶牛40头，胎衣不下奶牛30头，慢性子宫内膜炎奶牛20头。2药品及应用方法2…     

患隐性子宫内膜炎母牛──授精后宫内注药的受胎效果

母牛患隐性子宫内膜炎，其特征是子宫不发生形态上的变化，直肠检查和阴道检查也无任何变化，发情周期正常，但是屡配不妊。发情时从子宫排出较多、略微混浊的分泌物。由于炎性产物及细菌毒素直接危害精子及胚胎，而引起不妊。为提高受胎率，近年来，我区奶牛配种站对来站配种的发情母牛，如发现患隐性子宫内膜炎，进行人工授精后向子宫内注入药物，收到较好的受胎效果。1材料和方法1．1供试牛的选择：试验在1994～1998年期间进行。供试牛选自来奶牛配种站进行人工授精的个体养牛户确诊为患隐性子宫内膜炎的经产母牛。1．2注药方法：在母牛…     

奶牛配种时出现子宫炎症的处理方法

子宫炎症是奶牛生产过程中常见的生殖系统疾病,是严重危害奶牛养殖业发展的四大疾病之一。子宫炎症多数情况下是奶牛分娩过程子宫受到损伤,致病菌侵入引起的,在治疗过程中有多种方法。子宫炎症会严重影响到奶牛下一个情期的配种,导致屡次配种失败,降低了奶牛的生产性能。最近几年,探究了对子宫炎症奶牛采用先输精后治疗的处理方法,既能够治疗奶牛子宫炎症,又能提高受胎率,取得了良好的应用效果。笔者主要结合实际情况,就子宫炎症奶牛配种时先输精后治疗的处理方法进行了分析,希望通过本次研究对同行有所助益。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.