羊栖菜冬季南养的初步研究

采用浮筏式养殖方式于2014年11月—2015年3月,在海南省儋州市海头镇海区进行了羊栖菜的冬季南养试验,记录了其生长规律,并比较了不同养殖水深对羊栖菜生长的影响。结果显示:在营养生长的过程中,藻体长度以趋近于线性的方式增长;而质量的增加则表现出由慢到快的规律。在水深60 cm的条件下羊栖菜生长最快;本次试验羊栖菜干品产量为340kg/亩,比浙江洞头养殖的羊栖菜平均产量增长约42.9%,而养殖周期缩短了一半以上。试验结果不仅证实了在海南进行羊栖菜冬季南养的可行性,而且显示出周期短、产量高的优势,为建立羊栖菜"冬季南养"的新型养殖模式提供了依据和参考。     

中国对虾“黄海2号”高产养殖试验

中国对虾"黄海2号"是采用群体、家系与多性状复合育种技术,经过十年连续选育获得的品种.其优良性能体现在:生长快,个体大,发病少.为了拓展丰南区中国对虾养殖途径,更好更快地促进渔业增效,渔民增收,2011年,我们在黑沿子镇毕家(鄄)村进行了"黄海2号"高产养殖试验,并一举成功,效益显著,取得了单产6 225 kg/hm2 的好收成,创效益149 625元/hm2.现将主要养殖技术和养殖经验总结如下.     

“黄海1号”中国对虾与毛蚶混养试验

<正>去年5月份开始,我们在唐山市丰南区黑沿子镇涧河村沿海高速南选择了4个池塘共13.3hm2,将"黄海1号"中国对虾与毛蚶进行混养,构建了一个全新的生态养殖模式。"黄海1号"中国对虾是由中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所培育出来的,是我国第一个通过人工选育成功的海水养殖动物新品种,其性状优势明显。在试养殖过程中对比日本对虾、南美对虾等养殖品种表现出明显的抗逆性强、成活率高,生长快等特点。毛     

三疣梭子蟹新品种“黄选1号”的选育

2005年收集鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾、舟山4个三疣梭子蟹野生地理群体,构建核心育种群体,评估有效群体含量,制定合理保种模式;在5％留种率下,采用群体选育方法进行新品种培育.到2010年经过连续5个世代选育,形成特征明显、性状稳定的三疣梭子蟹新品种“黄选1号”.在相同养殖条件下与商品苗种进行对比测试.“黄选1号”收获时平均个体体重提高20.12％,成活率提高32.00％,全甲宽变异系数小于5％“黄选1号”新品种2010～2012年进行中试养殖200余hm2,养殖方法以“蟹、虾、贝、鱼”多品种生态养殖为主.结果显示,新品种收获时个体规格大、成活率高、整齐度好,平均单产提高30％;已推广到山东、河北及浙江等地,累计养殖面积6 000余hm2,获得较显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

寒冷地区豫选黄河鲤当年养成成鱼技术

<正>豫选黄河鲤是河南省水产科学研究院采用野生黄河鲤做亲本,经过近20年、连续8代选育而成。该品种具有性状稳定、生长速度快、成活率高、易捕捞等特点。在北方寒冷地区,当年繁育的鱼苗经过130天左右的养殖即可养成商品鱼,养殖周期比养殖普通鲤鱼缩短一年。近两年,吉林省进行了豫选黄河鲤的试验养殖及推广,在当年鱼苗当年进行商品鱼的养殖     

“黄海1号”中国对虾半集约土池健康养殖模式探索

<正>中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)主要分布在我国黄海、渤海,1990年曾占我国对虾养殖产量的70%[1],但由于病害、种质、环境、养殖模式等原因,养殖产量急剧下降,平均单产仅有150～300kg/hm2,对虾养殖行业亏损严重。"黄海1号"中国对虾是黄海水产研究所经过7代选育获得的第一个人工培育海水养殖新品种[2],具有抗病力强、生长快、成活率高等优势,目前在山东、河北等沿海地区已养殖成功。     

温室大棚高产高效养鱼技术

利用地热井进行温室大棚高密度精养罗非鱼、白鲳鱼,是一项占地少、产量高、效益好的水产养殖新技术。旭德旺养殖有限公司有淡水温室大棚4座,养殖水面0.53hm2,每年5月份放养罗非鱼水花、乌仔18 000万尾/hm2,经过一年养殖,单产罗非鱼90万kg/hm2左右,每年5月份出售,此时罗非鱼价较高,平均效益375万元/hm2。     

豫选黄河鲤在吉林地区池塘养殖商品鱼试验

豫选黄河鲤是河南省水产科学研究院经过近20年、连续8代的选育后育成的优良品种,是经国家水产良种认证委员会审定通过的优良推广品种。该品种在黄河流域的养殖试验表明:具有品种性状稳定,成活率高、易捕捞、生长速度快、抗病力强、含肉率高且营养丰富等优点。鲤鱼一直是吉林地区的主要养殖品种,但由于现有的养殖品种优良性状退化,制约了渔业的发展,为了解决这一难题,2012年吉林市水     

洞头筏式养殖羊栖菜获得成功

洞头县海水养殖联合体及养殖户,于今年3月至4月间,陆续在洞头海区筏式养殖羊栖菜859亩(苗种采集于天然苗),居全国首位。羊栖菜为一种多年生的暖海性藻类,肉质肥厚、多汁,主要为食用、药用,亦可作工业原料,经济价值较高。该县人工养殖的这批羊栖菜     

凡纳滨对虾“海兴农2号”

<正>一、品种概况1.培育背景当前凡纳滨对虾是我国养殖产量最大的对虾品种,生长速度是养殖户关注的主要性状,同时随着养殖密度的增加和养殖环境的恶化,对虾体抗逆性的要求也不断提高。在此背景下,"海兴农2号"以生长速度为第一选育目标,养殖成活率为第二选育目标,进行持续选育,新品种的培育成功对我国凡纳滨对虾产业的持续健康发展具有重要意义。     

不同光照周期对羊栖菜有性繁殖过程的影响

对羊栖菜的生殖托在不同光照周期条件下进行离体培养,观察卵细胞的释放与受精情况,以及受精卵的发育情况,以探讨光照周期对其有性繁殖过程的影响.试验结果表明,长光照周期可以明显促进卵子的排放,延长卵子的存活时间,提高卵子的受精效率,有利于合子的发育与生长.在羊栖菜通过有性繁殖途径进行的苗种生产过程中,较长的光照周期有利于提高苗种生产效率.     

羊栖菜的研究述评

分布于太平洋西北部的大型褐藻羊栖菜具有较高的营养和药用价值，在过去十几年中，羊栖菜自然资源遭到了过度开发而破坏，由于对该藻还缺乏足够了解，全人工资源目前还没有很好的解决，为促进该生物资源的合理开发利用，本文结合作者研究工作的进展，对国内外在羊栖菜生物学和药学方面的研究、目前开发和利用现状进行了全面概述，并提出了存在的问题，对下一步发展趋势做了分析和展望。     

Cultivation of the intertidal brown alga Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura: mass production of zygote‐derived seedlings under commercial cultivation conditions,a case study experience

Mariculture of the brown alga Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura as an export‐oriented human food has been there more for than 20 years in China. It is now one of the five major farmed algal species along the Chinese coast. Stable and sufficient supply of young seedlings for scaling up the cultivation has been a problem throughout the farming history of this species due to the unique dioecious life cycle and relatively short time window of sexual reproduction in nature. These two factors led to a practical difficulty in obtaining zygotes at identical developmental stage in viable amounts for seedling production. A key solution to this problem is to control the synchronization of the receptacle development and to realize the simultaneous discharge of male and female gametes, such that the fertilization rate could be greatly enhanced. Focusing on one of the farmed populations in this report, we present our results on mass production of seedlings using the synchronization technique on a large scale performed in 2007. Totally 5.5 hundred million embryos were obtained from 100 kg female sporophytes. The seedlings were raised up to 3.5 mm in length in greenhouse tanks over a month and were further grown in open sea for over 3 months at two experimental sites. The success of mass production of seedlings in this alga helped to lay the basis for future trials in other species in the genus of Sargassum that have identical life cycle.     

大型海藻育种技术研究进展及其应用

大型海藻栽培业是全球最活跃的渔业产业之一，近二十年增幅是整体渔业增幅的两倍以上，发展前景十分广阔。其中，中国大型海藻产量占全球总产量的59%，海带、紫菜、裙带菜、龙须菜以及羊栖菜产量均排名世界第一。水产种业是水产养殖业的“芯片”和整个产业链的源头，大型海藻产量99%来自人工栽培，这更体现了新品种对产业的贡献度和重要性。但目前经过审定的大型海藻新品种仅有24个，约占海水养殖新品种的18%，与其产量占比并不匹配。为此，本文介绍了大型海藻产业的特点、近60年育种技术进展和育种成果，并针对大型海藻育种技术发展现状提出了相关建议，以期为大型海藻育种研究提供一些思路。     

Effect of a seaweed mixture on serum lipid level and platelet aggregation in rats

ABSTRACT:   To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis ('Arame'), Hizikia fusiformis ('Hijiki') and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls ('Mekabu'), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis ('Susabinori'), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis , H. fusiformis , U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis , is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats.     

Lactic acid bacteria effective for regulating the growth of contaminant bacteria during the fermentation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Undaria pinnatifida</Emphasis> (Phaeophyta)

ABSTRACT:   Lactic acid fermentation of seaweed is a recent topic and quite limited information is available on culture conditions. To know the suitable strains for use as a starter culture for seaweed fermentation, 14 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, including 11 species, were tested in culture conditions prepared with or without salt. A commercial product of Undaria pinnatifida powder was used as a substrate for fermentation without sterilizing. Starter-suitability of the LAB strains was assessed from their predominance after culture. Among the tested strains, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed high (>90%) predominance in their cultures, while control cultures prepared without inoculation of LAB did not show any detectable growth of acid producing bacteria and spoiled. A total of 102 strains not showing acid producing activity were isolated and characterized from spoiled cultures, and all the isolates were observed as Bacillus strains, including 64 strains (62.7%) and 16 strains (15.7%) of a Bacillus cereu s-related and B. fusiformis -related species, respectively. The Undaria substrate before fermentation contained culturable microorganisms at 1.4–3.1 × 10² CFU/g, but the Bacillus cereu s-related strain was not a major composition, suggesting a concern of selective growth of the Bacillus cereu s-related strain during the spoiled fermentation.     

赤潮对羊栖菜产量构成的影响

20 0 0年 4～ 6月 ,浙江省洞头海区发生了 2次赤潮。经测定 ,在该区栽培的羊栖菜 (Hizikiafusiforme)的鲜干比增加 ,日平均增长率、平均长度减少 ,营养生长减慢。羊栖菜个体的繁殖部分受影响较小 ,假根次之 ,主茎、次生叶 (气囊 )、分枝部分受影响最大 ,后者在羊栖菜产量中的比重最大。但在赤潮发生区的羊栖菜未出现明显病烂现象 ,生长发育正常 ,表明羊栖菜对赤潮有一定忍耐力     

Effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., cultured in the laboratory under high density and suboptimum temperature

This study examined the effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , under high density and suboptimum temperature. Presumptive Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from tilapia and from their culture system and were characterized for haemolytic and enzymatic activity, and antagonism against Vibrio . Selected strains were included in the diet of juvenile tilapia and evaluated during a 134-day assay. The experiment was conducted with four treatments: (1) fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^®; (2) fish fed with commercial feed plus LAB; (3) fish with bacilli in water; (4) fish with a mixture of treatments 2 and 3. Tilapias in all treatments, including bacteria, grew significantly better than fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^® (control group). Survival was similar in all treatments. The physicochemical parameters of the culture system were maintained within the optimal ranges for the species, with the exception of temperature (19.9–24.82 °C). Animals fed diet supplemented with bacilli and LAB had good survival and the best growth performance, suggesting that bacteria are appropriate growth-stimulating additives in tilapia cultivation.     

Selection of probiotic bacteria for use in shrimp larviculture

Three candidate probiotics, Bacillus foraminis, Bacillus cereus biovar toyoi and Bacillus fusiformis , were isolated from hydrogen-producing fermented solution and identified using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Bacillus foraminis and B. cereus biovar toyoi exhibited strong antagonism against Streptococcus iniae and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in in vitro co-culture for competitive exclusion assay and then were conducted in the larviculture system of Penaeus monodon reared from zoea 1 to postlarva 1. The daily addition of B. cereus biovar toyoi resulted in significantly deleterious effects on survival ( P <0.01) whereas the daily addition of B. fusiformis showed highest survival rate (88.7±0.7%) but no statistically significant difference from control (73.3±12.1%). Bacillus fusiformis was continuously applied in the larviculture system of Litopenaeus vannamei . Administration of B. fusiformis significantly increased survival ( P <0.01) in both treatments added daily (87.9±1.7%) and every other day (54.7±1.2%), respectively, at a concentration of 10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹ over control (41.2±1.3%).     

Using cornstarch in microparticulate diets for larvicultured tropical gar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Atractosteus tropicus</Emphasis>)

Aquaculture in Mexico has been developed by the cultivation of commercial species. In Tabasco, the cultivation of native species is mainly limited by the lack of nutrition studies to support its crop profitability. Among these species is the tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus), which has great potential for cultivation. However, the nutritional value of carbohydrates in diets for this species which contribute to improved growth and survival, have not been evalulated,. Thus, in the present investigation, isoprotein and isolipid diets have been designed based on the substitution of cellulose by corn starch (D1: 0 % starch–15 % cellulose, D2: 7.5 % starch–7.5 % cellulose and D3: 15 % starch–0 % cellulose) and compared with a commercial trout diet (45 % protein and 16 % lipids). A total of 1800 larvae (0.008 ± 0.002 g and 10.5 ± LT 0.126 mm) were used, distributed in a recirculation system in order to evaluate growth and survival for 30 days. The results show higher growth and survival of 97 % of larvae fed the D3 diet, while cannibalism in the species was mitigated. Major digestive enzyme activities occurred (acid protease, alkaline protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A, lipase, α-glucosidase and amylase) for larvae fed D3. It is concluded that the contribution of corn starch (15 %) replacing cellulose in the diet improves growth and survival of this species.