不同饲料营养水平对东北林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响

选取人工孵化的野生东北林蛙蝌蚪随机分为 10组 ,每组 5 30只 ,分别饲喂 10种不同蛋白质水平和组成的饲料。每 5d将蝌蚪称重并采样 1次 ,测定蝌蚪活体重、变态活体重、变态率等指标。结果表明 ,饲料营养对东北林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育及变态幼蛙的体重有明显影响 :林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育与饲料蛋白源无关 ,而与饲料粗蛋白水平有关。林蛙蝌蚪的最大体重、变态幼蛙的体重与饲料CP水平呈正线性相关 ,其相关系数分别为 0 80 0和 0 85 9;蝌蚪期、蝌蚪变态时间均与饲料CP水平呈负线性相关 ,其相关系数分别为 - 0 96 6和- 0 892 ;林蛙蝌蚪饲料的适宜粗蛋白水平应为 15 %～ 2 2 %。     

抗菌肽对镇海林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲料中添加不同浓度抗菌肽对镇海林蛙(Rana zhenhaiensis)蝌蚪生长发育的影响。选取镇海林蛙蝌蚪(Gosner 26~27期)500只,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别喂添加0、1、2、4和8 mg/g抗菌肽的试验饲料。试验至镇海林蛙蝌蚪全部完全变态结束。结果表明:1)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的发育历期呈显著的负相关(P0.001),与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的体长相关性不显著(P=0.324);2)镇海林蛙蝌蚪的变态率平均值为94.6%,组间差异不显著(P=0.549),与抗菌肽浓度的相关性不显著(P=0.434);3)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙蝌蚪的变态时间及体长、体重均呈显著正相关(P0.001);4)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙变态幼蛙的跳跃距离相关性不显著(P=0.578);5)抗菌肽浓度与镇海林蛙变态幼蛙大腿肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶活性呈显著负相关(P0.001)。由此可见,抗菌肽的添加降低了镇海林蛙的发育速度,延长了变态时间,同时增加了变态个体的大小,从而提高了幼蛙的适合度。     

不同营养结构的饲料对中国林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响

研究 4组不同营养结构的饲料对中国林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,Ⅰ组饲料所喂养的蝌蚪生长速度快 ,完成变态的时间最短 ( 34 4d) ;Ⅲ组饲料喂养的蝌蚪变态后的幼蛙体重最大、身体最长 (分别为 0 31 7g、1 45cm) ;Ⅳ组饲料喂养的蝌蚪生长最慢 ,完成变态所需的时间最长 ( 39 2d) ,变态后的幼蛙体重最小 ( 0 2 5 4 g) ;各组中蝌蚪的成活率和变态率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)蝌蚪生长发育理想光照强度的研究

为探索不同光照强度对林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的影响,选择120只18日龄的东北林蛙蝌蚪进行试验。将试验动物分为6组,每组20只。光照强度分别为30,500,1 000,2 300,3 600,4 900 lx,每天光照时间12 h,其他饲养和环境条件相同。定期测量体重、体长、尾长及完全变态时间等指标。结果表明:光照强度对蝌蚪生长发育的影响明显。在蝌蚪变态之前,各组间蝌蚪的体长、尾长都有相应的差异,在光照强度为3 600 lx下喂养的蝌蚪增加最为明显。各组间蝌蚪体重随着时间的延长呈先增加后减少。在光照3 600 lx下,蝌蚪体重始终高于其他组。在变态过程中,蝌蚪后肢芽长出日龄、前腿长出日龄、完全变态时间随着光照强度的增加而缩短。在光照强度为3 600 lx、4 900 lx时,蝌蚪变态所用时间无差异且均小于其他组。在光照强度为3 600 lx、4 900 lx下,蝌蚪的变态率最高。因此,光照强度影响林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育,光照强度设为3 600 lx是林蛙蝌蚪生长发育及变态的最佳光照强度。     

中国林蛙蝌蚪期饲料配方的研究

为研究一种适合林蛙蝌蚪生长的饲料配方,试验选用林蛙蝌蚪受精卵共800只,分为4个大组,每大组设两个重复,共8个小组,分别饲养在8个水盆中,每盆100只。试验对比研究了蛋白质含量分别为37.765%、31.628%、23.535%及11.562%的4种饲料。试验结果表明,饲喂蛋白质含量为23.535%的一组蝌蚪重量最大,体长最长,发育的也最为良好。同时通过试验分析证明,从蝌蚪发育到变态前的饲料应以植物性饲料为主并适当的加入部分动物性饲料,这样才有利于蝌蚪的生长发育。此外,还提出用传统方法配制蝌蚪饲料的不足及解决的办法。     

中国林蛙蝌蚪不同营养水平日粮的饲喂效果比较

中国林蛙是东北地区具有较高经济价值的两栖动物之一,其雌性输卵管的干制品即中药学上的哈士蟆油,无论食用还是药用均具有较高价值.目前在东北地区已经广泛开展了中国林蛙的人工养殖和半人工养殖.在养殖林蛙时,蝌蚪的饲养管理极为重要,特别是饲料的营养结构合理与否,直接影响蝌蚪的生长发育和养殖的经济效益.本试验利用营养结构不同的4组饲料,在中国林蛙蝌蚪期进行喂养,研究其对中国林蛙蝌蚪生长发育速度、体长、体重及成活率的影响. 　　……     

不同饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长的影响

以藻类、蛋黄、杂鱼内脏、牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等 5种不同类型的饲料以及用鳗鱼饲料为基底 ,按 10 0 %、90 %、80 %、70 %、6 0 %、4 0 %和 2 0 %等 7种比例添加可溶性淀粉 (分析纯 )配制成不同营养结构的饲料为基本日粮饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,研究了这些饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,以牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等蛋白质含量较高的配合饲料为食的黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,生长速度快 ,进入变态期的时间短 ;并表明了粗蛋白质含量为 2 0 %左右的配合饲料饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪可以取得较为理想的效果     

林蛙卵对ICR幼鼠生长影响的研究

为了研究林蛙卵对ICR幼鼠生长发育的影响,探索林蛙卵的食用价值,试验采用雌性ICR幼鼠60只,随机分为6组,处理Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮(对照组),处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组分别饲喂林蛙卵替代基础日粮的10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的饲料,预试期5 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:30%林蛙卵组幼鼠生长最快。说明林蛙卵可促进ICR幼鼠生长发育。     

pH值对东北林蛙卵的孵化率及蝌蚪生长发育的影响

为探索水域pH值对东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)卵孵化和蝌蚪生长发育的影响,在水温21~23℃的实验室条件下,采用单因子试验方法,研究了水环境不同pH值对东北林蛙卵的孵化率、蝌蚪的日增重、变态率及变态幼蛙初始重的影响。结果表明,受精卵对pH值的适应范围为4~11,孵化率较高的pH值范围为7~9;pH值为6,7,8,9组中的蝌蚪成活率分别为47.95%、48.98%、35.64%和43.64%。在pH值为5.5,6.5,7.5组中,林蛙蝌蚪的变态率分别为94.00%、93.00%和82.00%;变态幼蛙初始重分别为(267.33±46.97)mg、(278.67±37.67)mg和(260.67±35.52)mg。     

东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)蝌蚪的控光饲养技术研究

2016年4—7月,选取人工孵化的野生东北林蛙蝌蚪进行单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验,研究不同饲料及光照对蝌蚪生长发育的影响,结果表明:因素主次顺序为饲料光强光色,最优组合为红光,4 000 lx,饲料三,该组合下饲养的蝌蚪增重最大。为工厂化养殖蝌蚪提供了科学依据。     

饲粮乳清粉含量对乳猪培育性能的影响

以含乳清粉5、10、15％的乳猪料以及不含乳清粉的酸化乳猪料和合资企业生产5311乳猪料饲喂1～5周龄的杜浙杂交仔猪32窝。仔猪5周龄断奶平均体重分别为8.20±0.19、7.09±0.21、7.81±0.16、7.87±0.18和7.71±0.23公斤(P<0.01);其平均日增重相应为192.0±5.0、162.2±5.3、182.8±4.4、181.0±4.9和178.7±6.3克(P<0.05);饲料/增重分别为0.19、0.30、0.20、0.26和0.26;7～35日龄仔猪成活率分别为98.6、98.3、98.6、98.3和100％;每公斤增重的乳猪料成本为0.30、0.53、0.40、0.41和0.45元。从上述指标分析,以含5％乳清粉的饲粮组较好。     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: aflatoxicosis.

1. New Hampshire chicks were fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0-7 (A), or 1-1 (B) ppm of aflatoxin B1. In two trials 1-d-old chicks were offered ad libitum the three diets for 14 d. The gaseous exchange of five chickens from each group was measured for 3 or 4 d, the same diets being fed, at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age in two series of experiments. The controls were fed at the lower intake of the two other groups. Following each series of experiments at the various ages, birds were starved for 24 h and their heat production was re-measured over the next 24 h. 2. Mortality was highest and growth and food conversion poorest where the diet with the highest aflatoxin concentration was fed. Mortality was confined to the first 2 weeks. 3. Performance of birds in the chambers was improved in the second series due to differences in food intake. It also improved with age suggesting some resistance to the toxin. 4. Mean respiratory quotient was 0-97 for fed chickens on diet B. This was significantly different from 0-92 for the two other groups. Similarly, during starvation the RQ was 0-76 compared with 0-73. 5. birds fed on diet B generally grew better, retained more nitrogen and had a better energy balance in the respiration chambers than the other two groups. Metabolisability of dietary energy was less (68.5%) for all groups at 2 to 3 weeks than when older (70%) but availability of ME was the same (71%) for all groups. 6. Heat production (kJ/kg0-75) of starved birds on diet B was significantly lower than the other two groups, while endogenous nitrogen excretion was higher. 7. Water consumption (ml/g food and g/100 g body weight) was greatest for birds on diet B. 8. Although aflatoxin in the diet substantially reduced intake there was no indication that at these reduced levels of intake, nitrogen or energy metabolism were measurably impaired.     

Effects of different forms of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance,intestinal development,and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets

The present study was conducted to determine effects of different forms of yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae,strain Y200007) on the growth performance,intestinal development,and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets.A total of 96 piglets(14-d old,initial average body weight of 4.5 kg) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments:(1) basal diet without yeast(Control);(2) basal diet supplemented with 3.00 g/kg live yeast(LY);(3) basal diet supplemented with 2.66 g/kg heat-killed whole yeast(HKY);and(4) basal diet supplemented with 3.00 g/kg superfine yeast powders(SFY).Diets and water were provided ad libitum to the piglets during 3-week experiment.Growth performance of piglets was measured weekly.Samples of blood and small intestine were collected at days 7 and 21 of experiment.Dietary supplementation with LY and SFY improved G:F of piglets at days 1-21 of the experiment(P0.05) compared to Control group.Serum concentrations of growth hormone(GH),triiodothyronine(T_3),tetraiodothyronine(T_4),and insulin growth factor 1(IGF-1) in piglets at day 21 of the experiment were higher when fed diets supplemented with LY and SFY than those in Control group(P 0.05).Compared to Control group,contents of serum urea nitrogen of piglets were reduced by the 3 yeast-supplemented diets(P 0.05).Diets supplemented with LY increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio in duodenum and jejunum of piglets(P 0.05) compared to other two groups at day 7 of the experiment.Feeding diets supplemented with LY and SFY increased(P 0.05) serum concentrations of IgA,IL-2,and IL-6 levels in piglets compared to Control.The CD4~+/CD8~+ ratio and proliferation of T-lymphocytes in piglets fed diets supplemented with LY were increased compared to that of Control group at day 7 of the experiment(P 0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation with both LY and SFY enhanced feed conversion,small intestinal development,and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets,with better improvement in feed conversion by dietary supplementation with LY,while dietary supplementation with SFY was more effective in increasing systemic immune functions in early-weaned piglets.     

患腹水综合征的肉仔鸡甲状腺素和器官相对重量变化的研究

240只1日龄雄性Cobb肉仔鸡随机地分为24组,每组10只。1~16组饲喂颗粒饲料,在4~7周龄时实施低温处理(13℃),来诱导腹水综合征(AS)的发生;17~20组为饲喂颗粒饲料的常温对照组;21~24组为饲喂粉料的常温对照组。结果表明,低温诱导的AS的发病率为33.89%,死亡率为19%。低温处理可使肉仔鸡体重及血清中甲状腺素(T4)浓度明显下降(P<0.05),而使肉仔鸡心脏的相对重量和血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)浓度明显上升(P<0.05)。患AS鸡的体重明显降低(P<0.05),心脏、肺、右心室及肝的重量占活体重的百分比明显升高,血细胞压积上升。由此可知,血清T3浓度的增高是腹水症发病的诱导信号,而T3和T4浓度的下降是腹水症的发生信号。     

不同枣粉添加水平对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为（20.15±1.63） kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0（对照组）、10%（Ⅰ试验组）、15%（Ⅱ试验组）、20%（Ⅲ试验组）、25%（Ⅳ试验组）的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲喂期70 d,饲喂试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验羊,以羊背最长肌为试验材料,分别测定羊肉的基本营养成分、矿物质、肌纤维特性、外观品质、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量并进行比较分析。结果表明：1）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ试验组的屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,对照组、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的骨肉比显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;2）对照组的肌内脂肪含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;3）Ⅲ组的肌纤维面积、直径和剪切力值最小（P<0.05）;4）Ⅲ组中棕榈酸（C16：0）和硬脂酸（C18：0）的含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ试验组（P<0.05）,花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）、α-亚麻酸（C18：2n6c）的含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;5）Ⅳ组羊肉中的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于其他4组（P<0.05）。综上所述,枣粉添加改善了羊肉的嫩度,有利于羊肉中的矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸等营养成分的积累,从而使羊肉有较高的营养价值,综合考虑20%枣粉添加量时羊肉品质最好。     

Effect of Feed Processing Method on Average Daily Gain and Gastric Ulcer Development in Weanling Horses

The present study evaluated the effects of two different methods of feed processing on growth and gastric ulceration in 16 weanling Standardbred horses. The two diets were composed of identical ingredients that were processed differently and fed at a rate of 3% body weight per day. The hay and grain diet (diet HG) consisted of 50% alfalfa hay cubes and 50% commercial texturized grain mix fed as is, without any further processing, with the cubes and grain fed in separate containers. The complete pelleted diet (diet CP) consisted of the same proportion of hay cubes and grain mix, which was ground, pelleted, and fed in a single container. The horses were divided into two groups and the study was divided into three periods of 30 days each. During period 1, all 16 horses consumed only free choice alfalfa hay (diet H). Group 1 was given diet CP during period 2 and diet HG during period 3. Group 2 was given diet HG during period 2 and diet CP during period 3. The horses were endoscopically examined for the baseline number and severity of stomach ulcers at the end of period 1, then again at the end of each treatment diet feeding period. Horses on diet CP in periods 2 and 3 had greater ulcer numbers (P = .0135) than diet HG. However, there was no significant difference (P = .30) in ulcer numbers when making a direct comparison between diets CP and HG. Despite the gastric ulceration found in horses on diet CP, the average daily gain was significantly greater (P = .016) for diet CP than for diet HG. Both diets containing grain were observed to cause gastric ulceration.     

Replacement of soybean meal with levels of inclusion of soya waste in the diet of growing goats

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soya waste at different levels on intake, digestibility and growth in goats. Eighteen male goat kids with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 kg were distributed equally to three dietary groups. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate mixture, and each goat was assigned to an individual pen. Soybean meal in the concentrate mixture was replaced with soya waste at 0% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) levels in respective dietary groups. These diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results showed that animals fed T3 diet exhibited higher Napier grass intake than those fed T1 or T2 diet. There was no influence on total intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), metabolic BW, per cent BW and metabolisable energy by the dietary groups. However, there was an increasing trend on intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with increasing levels of soya waste in the diets. Animals fed T3 diet showed higher intake and digestibility of NDF than those fed T1 diet. There was no influence of the dietary groups on digestibilities of DM, OM and CP. Similarly, there was no effect of them on the final BW, total BW gain, daily BW gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Soya waste can replace 100% soybean meal in diets for growing goats, because no change was observed in nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance; inclusion of soya waste enhanced the intake and digestibility of NDF.

     

饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响。以初始均重为(9.05±0.05)g的海鲈幼鱼为试验动物,暂养1周后,挑选规格一致的健康试验鱼480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复(水族箱),每个重复放养30尾鱼。4组试验鱼分别投喂肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽添加水平为0(对照)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%的试验饲料135 d。结果显示:1)0.50%组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),各添加组的饲料系数(FCR)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且以0.50%组的FCR最低;2)各添加组的背肌粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),0.50%组的背肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和背肌的水分、粗灰分含量在各组之间没有显著差异(P0.05);3)0.25%组的血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),血清甘油三酯(TG)含量各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05);4)0.50%和0.75%组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.25%和0.50%组的肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝脏与血清的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽能够促进海鲈的生长并提高免疫能力,本试验条件下最适添加水平为0.50%。     

Donkey Feeding During Maintenance,Pregnancy, and Lactation: Effects on Body Weight,Milk Production,and Foal Growth

We evaluated the daily intake in donkeys during maintenance, late pregnancy, and early lactation. The growth curves of the foals in the first eight weeks of life and the milk production in lactating jennies were also investigated. Donkeys were separated into two groups: seven pregnant jennies (group 1: pregnant/lactating) and seven nonpregnant, nonlactating jennies (group 2). The groups were fed two different diets each. The feeding period for group 1 covered eight weeks before parturition and eight weeks postpartum. Group 2 was managed during the same time period (16 weeks). Diet 1 consisted of ad libitum hay, which was fed to group 1 during late pregnancy and to group 2 from weeks 1–8. Diet 2 consisted of the same ad libitum hay supplemented with 2 kg/head/day of concentrate, which was fed to group 1 during lactation and to group 2 from weeks 9–16. The daily dry matter intake (diet 1) was 2.56 kg/100 kg of body weight (BW) for nonpregnant jennies and 31% lower in the pregnant donkeys. In the lactating jennies, the total dry matter intake was similar to the nonpregnant group fed diet 2. The nonpregnant jennies lost 1.9% of their initial BW when fed diet 1, whereas they gained 8.4% of their initial BW when fed with diet 2. A weight loss was also found in the lactating donkeys. The foals more than doubled in their birth weight within two months.