东北马鹿产茸性能的研究

在我国,马鹿是仅次于梅花鹿的优良茸用鹿种。驯养的东北马鹿(C.C.Xanthopygus)数量为我国各马鹿亚种之首,而其产茸性能在国内外文献中至今未见详尽报道。 1980年至今,我们在本所茸鹿试验场对东北马鹿产茸性能进行了细致的观测研究。为了正确组织生产和饲养,客观评定东北马鹿及其生产水平,现将东北马鹿产茸性能的研究结果报告如下。     

提高鹿茸产量十一法

1饲养优良品种或品系鹿 近16年,我国人工育成了双阳梅花鹿和西丰梅花鹿两个品种,一个长白山梅花鹿品系;育成天山马鹿清原品系和一个塔里木马鹿品种;杂交繁育了东天杂交和花马杂交等杂交鹿.这些鹿在相同饲养管理条件下,可比未经培育的鹿种提高鹿茸产量30%～60%.若能饲养这些优良品种或品系,尤其是饲养纯种中的特级、甚至超特级种公鹿的后代,且神经类型为安静型、茸型呈眉枝小和根细上冲乃至肥大的多头茸,遗传呈显性的,则增产效果尤为显著.     

提高鹿茸产量的几种方法

1驯养优良品种或品系 近几年,我国人工育成了双阳梅花鹿和西丰梅花鹿2个梅花鹿品种,1个长白山梅花鹿品系;育成天山马鹿清原品系和1个塔里木马鹿品种;杂交繁育了东天杂交和花马杂交等杂交鹿。这些鹿在相同饲养管理条件下,比未经培育的鹿种可提高鹿茸产量30％．60％。若能购买饲养这些鹿,尤其购买其中的特级,甚至超特级种公鹿的后代,且神经类型为安静型,茸型呈眉枝小和根细上冲乃至肥大的多头茸,遗传呈显性的,则增产效果尤为显著。     

提高茸鹿繁殖力的技术措施

<正>影响茸鹿繁殖力的因素包括:遗传因素、环境因素、营养因素、管理因素等。提高茸鹿繁殖力的技术措施包括:加强育种、充分利用杂种优势、改善饲养管理、增加适龄母鹿的比例等措施。1影响茸鹿繁殖力的因素1.1遗传因素不同品种、品系或类群有着不同的繁殖力。通常梅花鹿的繁殖力比马鹿高,天山马鹿比东北马鹿高,杂交鹿的繁殖力因遗传基础发生了改变又比双亲都高[1]。1.2环境因素影响茸鹿繁殖力的主要环境因素有光照和温     

鹿眠宝、鹿醒宝3号在鹿人工授精实践中应用效果观察

<正>目前我国人工饲养的茸鹿主要是梅花鹿和马鹿,传统的自然本交方法使得鹿茸单产量较低且上升缓慢,人工授精技术的引进对于提高后代鹿茸产量、发挥优秀种公鹿作用等均有诸多利好。我国养鹿业在近几十年迅猛发展,期间开展了多项茸鹿种间以及亚种间的人工授精杂交组合试验,大幅提高了茸鹿的生产性能,同时也为养殖户带     

鹿的品种分类及生产性能

鹿是珍贵的药用动物，全身是宝，尤以鹿茸、鹿角最为贵重。凡茸角有药用价值的鹿，都称为茸用鹿或茸鹿。茸用鹿种类多，分布广，野生资源丰富。现在已经驯养的茸用鹿有梅花鹿、马鹿、白唇鹿、水鹿等。我国驯养的茸鹿主要是梅花鹿和马鹿两种。在梅花鹿中，共有６个野生亚种，其中以东北梅花鹿与人工培育成功的双阳梅花鹿称著于世界。在马鹿的各亚种和类型群中，以天山马鹿和叶尔羌马鹿及东北马鹿的品质最好。１东北梅花鹿（梅花鹿或花鹿）１－１养殖地区分布：几乎遍布全国各省区，其中吉林省最多，约占２／３。１－２外貌形态特征：东北梅花…     

东北马鹿三杈茸鲜重的估测方法

东北马鹿(lervus elaphus xanthopygus)是我国主要的驯养茸鹿之一,马鹿茸在国际市场上一直畅销不衰。黑龙江省东北马鹿的饲养数量居全同首位,是国家的马鹿饲养基地。东北马鹿经多年驯化家养以后,鹿茸单产有明显下降的趋势,因而马鹿的育种工作是养鹿生产中的重要课题。作者自1983年以来开始研究马鹿外部形态特点,确定了头型量度与产茸性能相关密切,并测定了额宽(x_1)、头长(x_2)、角基距(x_3)同三杈茸鲜重(y)的相关关系为:γ_(1y)=0.5650,γ_(2y)=0.1922,γ_(3y)=-0.2433。从而确立了变量x同y间的线性     

天山马鹿的特征特性和引入东北地区后的生产性能

天山马鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓｅｌａｐｈｕｓｓｏｎｇａｒｉｃｕｓ）是我国马鹿的优良亚种之一，体型大、产茸量高、茸质好，引入东北地区后，经过多年的风土驯化已适应当地气候，耐粗饲、抗寒冷，表现出产茸量高、繁殖力强的生产特点。用其种公鹿冻精给东北马鹿母鹿人工输精，即进行亚种间杂交，其后代Ｆ１头锯茸比母本提高５４％，二锯提高５９％，表现出明显的杂种优势，是用来改良较低产鹿茸的东北马鹿的最佳父本．     

马·花杂交F1的鲜茸产量和繁殖方法及探讨

系统报道了48年来我国几个主要单位开展家养马鹿(♀)与梅花鹿(♂)杂交,即马.花杂交试验研究工作及其马.花杂交F154只290副茸的鲜茸产量和2只创记录者各锯龄的锯茸规格茸型和鲜茸产量、本交繁殖方法,并探讨了采用马鹿人工授精和同期发情等现代繁殖技术,大规模高效开展育成杂交,尤其清.双杂交和清.西杂交,乃至培育茸肉血兼用型鹿与该项最佳杂交组合的显效性,为养鹿业种鹿场、良繁体系、良繁基地和大型企业名牌鹿的产业化高效生产经营提供了新理念和科学依据。     

清原马鹿品种选育研究

自 1972～ 2 0 0 2年 12月采用个体表型选择、单公群母配种和闭锁繁育等方法 ,研究并应用饲养管理综合配套技术、幼鹿培育技术、马鹿人工授精新技术及研究生化遗传特性和产茸量的遗传标记、品种及其种鹿标准和经过引种 ,风土驯化 ,确定系祖鹿和建立选育群 ;多组选育群自繁 ,合成“杂交”选育 ,精选F1 和F2 代种鹿和扩繁 ;扩大品系鹿数量 ,改善品系群品质 ;提高品种选育群品质 ,扩繁数量 ,品种形成和推广应用 4个阶段 ,5个世代的系统选育 ,育成了清原马鹿 330 0只。该品种具有体貌一致 ,体型较大 ,体质结实 ,鲜茸平均单产8 6kg ,成品茸年均单产 3 1kg ,鹿茸粗大、肥嫩 ,粗蛋白质 (6 3 7% )和氨基酸总含量 (39 6 % )高 ,茸的优质率达93% ,繁殖成活率高 (6 8 6 % ) ,生产利用年限长 (15年 ) ,适应性强 ,遗传性能稳定 ,茸 (鲜 )重遗传力 0 37,重复力 0 75 ,年改进量 0 4 86kg ,杂交改良效果与经济效益和社会效益显著等典型优良性状。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.