水貂阿留申病病毒分子生物学研究进展

水貂阿留申病病毒是一种在水貂中广泛存在的重要病原体.该病毒属阿留申病毒属,主要编码4种蛋白(结构蛋白VP1、VP2和非结构蛋白NS1、NS2).VP1蛋白在协助病毒产生感染性方面起着重要作用;VP2蛋白是该病毒的主要免疫原性抗原,能体外中和病毒;NS1和NS2对病毒在宿主细胞中的复制起重要的调节作用.该病毒的分子生物学诊断技术主要有核酸杂交技术、PCR和基因芯片检测技术.     

关于水貂肠炎病毒结构蛋白基因5'-非翻译区调控其基因表达的评述

正水貂肠炎病毒(MEV)是细小病毒科细小病毒属的一种病毒,感染水貂引起水貂病毒性肠炎。作为感染真核细胞的最小DNA病毒之一,细小病毒基因组DNA仅有5 kb左右。为了利用有限的基因序列来完成病毒的复制周期,病毒利用了一些特殊的表达调控方式。比如:该属病毒成员(如:MVM,CPV)利用非结构蛋白NS1基因编码区的基因内启动子来调控结构蛋白VP1和VP2的表达;腺依赖病毒和浓核病毒利用leaky-scanning机制来表达衣壳蛋     

水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白与非结构蛋白在疾病诊断与疫苗研发中的应用

水貂阿留申病是由水貂阿留申病毒引起的一种持续感染性疾病,危害毛皮动物养殖业的发展.水貂阿留申病毒的致病特点、免疫机制等与其他细小病毒不同,存在自身的复杂性.目前,众多研究者寻求新的疫苗来预防水貂阿留申病的发生,但没有取得理想的效果.疾病诊断及疫苗研发对防控水貂阿留申病具有积极的意义.水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白在病毒感染、机...     

鹿流行性出血病毒分子生物学研究进展

鹿流行性出血病毒是一种在全世界野生及驯养的有蹄动物中广泛存在的重要病原体.该病毒属呼肠病毒科环状病毒属,有12个血清型,是一种有10个节段(L1-L3、M4-M6、S7-S10)的双链RNA病毒,编码10个蛋白(VP1-7和NS1、NS2、NS3/NS3A).VP7蛋白具有很强的抗原性且保守性最高.VP2与病毒型特异性有关,可诱导产生中和抗体.VP3为群特异性抗原,高度保守,具有亲水性保守区域.非结构蛋白NS1、NS2和NS3/NS3A及其编码序列均相当保守.该病毒的分子生物学诊断技术主要有PCR和核酸探针杂交技术.     

禽流感病毒非结构蛋白NS1在感染和免疫中的作用

NS1蛋白(non-structural 1 protein)是目前发现的唯一的禽流感病毒非结构蛋白,它是一种多功能调节蛋白,对病毒的感染、复制和毒力具有重要的作用;该蛋白主要通过颉颃宿主干扰素及肿瘤坏死因子,抑制宿主蛋白的合成及调控感染细胞的凋亡来实现其作用。作者综述了NS1蛋白生物学特性及其在感染和免疫中作用的研究进展,为进一步研究NS1蛋白的特性及临床应用提供了参考。     

猪瘟病毒非结构蛋白NS4B与宿主蛋白相互作用的研究进展

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)是一种可感染猪只并引起典型或慢性猪瘟(CSF)的单链RNA包膜病毒,严重影响动物的健康和养猪业的经济发展。CSFV自身编码的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白可与宿主蛋白相互作用,促进病毒自身的复制、翻译和增殖,并影响病毒毒力和免疫反应等。CSFV的非结构蛋白NS4B在病毒生命周期中发挥重要作用,其自身结构上含有多种特定区域靶点,可与多种蛋白发生相互作用;其作为CSFV复制体碳价结构最重要的组成部分,还可被非结构蛋白NS3切割,在细胞内与CSFV自身蛋白或其他宿主蛋白,如核糖体蛋白侧柄亚基P1(RPLP1)、铁蛋白重链(FHC)、Rab蛋白22a(Rab22a)、脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)、线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)、肿瘤易感基因101(Tsg101)蛋白和猪指环蛋白114(pRNF114)等相互作用。本文对CSFV非结构蛋白NS4B的结构功能以及与宿主蛋白发生相互作用的研究进展进行概述,以期为CSFV致病机理研究和感染防控提供理论帮助。     

鹅细小病毒非结构蛋白和结构蛋白B细胞线性抗原表位的鉴定

鹅细小病毒是小鹅瘟的病原体,其基因组含有2个主要开放阅读框（ORF）,分别编码非结构蛋白（NS）和结构蛋白（VP）。为了对这2种蛋白进行抗原表位作图,设计了34个覆盖非结构蛋白NS和结构蛋白VP的50-60个氨基酸残基的重叠短肽,并进行了融合表达。用攻毒10周龄鹅血清对这34个融合蛋白进行蛋白质印迹分析,结果鉴定出NS蛋白线性抗原表位位于C末端的453-627氨基酸区域;VP蛋白线性抗原表位位于35—198、423—491、531—595、616—669和678—732氨基酸区域。     

家蚕细胞质型多角体病毒的核酸结合蛋白

采用Northwestern分子杂交方法 ,研究了家蚕细胞质型多角体病毒 (BmCPV)结构蛋白质的功能 ,结果证明VP1、VP3和VP4具有与核酸结合的能力 ,暗示了VP1可能是依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶 ,在病毒核酸复制中起作用 ;VP4可能是核酸结合蛋白 ,在病毒粒子的复制包装过程中有结合核酸、促成完整病毒粒子形成的作用 ,可能是BmCPV病毒复制包装中的关键蛋白     

貉源阿留申病毒VP2和NS1蛋白的抗原性预测

旨在预测和分析貉源阿留申病毒（RFAV） VP2和NS1蛋白的抗原表位特征，筛选阿留申病毒属较保守的B、T细胞抗原表位。本研究对RFAV的近全长基因组进行克隆及测序，对其VP2和NS1基因编码蛋白的理化性质、二级结构、翻译后修饰位点和抗原表位进行预测，并将预测的修饰位点、抗原表位与其他阿留申病毒种的序列进行比较分析，筛选相对保守的修饰位点和抗原表位。结果显示，获得的RFAV基因组长4 327 bp，编码VP2蛋白的636个氨基酸，编码NS1蛋白的641个氨基酸。VP2和NS1蛋白均为亲水性蛋白，二级结构以无规则卷曲为主。在阿留申病毒属内，VP2蛋白有3个保守的B细胞抗原表位，3个保守的T细胞表位，8个保守的翻译后修饰位点；NS1蛋白有1个保守的B细胞抗原表位，2个保守的T细胞抗原表位和7个保守的翻译后修饰位点。本研究成功克隆了RFAV近全长基因组序列，全面对RFAV的VP2、NS1蛋白抗原表位、翻译后修饰位点进行预测，并分析其在阿留申病毒属内的保守和变异特征，为阿留申病毒免疫研究提供参考。     

细小病毒非结构蛋白NS1作用机制的研究进展

细小病毒编码的非结构蛋白NS1(non-structural protein 1)是一种多功能蛋白,该蛋白质与病毒DNA的复制、基因转录调控、诱导细胞病理变化等密切相关。本文对细小病毒NS1蛋白的基因转录激活功能、磷酸化修饰以及与胞内蛋白的相互作用等研究进展进行综述,为研究家蚕双义病毒(BmBDV)的NS1蛋白作用机制提供参考。     

Effect of a valine residue at codon 352 of the VP2 capsid protein on in vivo replication and pathogenesis of Aleutian disease parvovirus in mink

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a group of 3 genetic differences in the nonstructural protein (NS1) or 1 genetic difference in the structural protein (VP2) of Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV) is responsible for an increase in the in vivo replication and pathogenicity of G/U-8, a chimera of ADV-G (nonpathogenic) and ADV-Utah (pathogenic), compared with G/U-10. ANIMALS: 32 eight-month-old female sapphire mink (Mustela vison). PROCEDURE: Chimeric viruses were constructed, propagated in vitro, and used to inoculate mink. Antiviral antibody responses, presence of serum viral nucleic acid, and serum gamma globulin concentrations were monitored for 120 days following inoculation. Histologic examination of the liver, kidneys, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes was performed after necropsy. RESULTS: A chimera containing only the 3 amino acid substitutions in NS1 did not elicit measurable responses indicative of replication or pathogenicity in inoculated mink. Serum antiviral antibody responses, frequency of detection of viral nucleic acid in serum, gamma globulin response, and histologic changes in mink inoculated with chimeras containing a valine residue at codon 352 (352V) of VP2 capsid were increased, compared with values from mink inoculated with chimeric viruses that did not contain 352V. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A valine residue at codon 352 in the VP2 capsid protein of ADV affects in vivo viral replication and pathogenicity. This amino acid may be part of an incompletely defined pathogenic determinant of ADV. Further characterization of the pathogenic determinant may allow future development of focused preventive and therapeutic interventions for Aleutian disease of mink.     

蓝舌病病毒基因产物及其生物学功能

蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue disease virus,BTV)是呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属的双股RNA病毒,其核酸由3个大片段(L1～L3)、3个中片段(M4～M6)和4个小片段(S7～S10)等10个节段组成,分别编码7种结构多肽(VP1～VP7)和4种非结构多肽(NS1、NS2、NS3a、NS3b)。通过dsRNA基因组进行体外翻译,再根据各基因与所编码蛋白的关系,查明了各基因编码的蛋白质及其分子质量和功能。     

African horse sickness virus structure

African horse sickness virus (AHSV), of which there are nine serotypes (AHSV-1, -2, etc.), is a member of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family. Both in morphology and molecular constituents AHSV particles are comparable to those of bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype virus of the genus. The two viruses have seven structural proteins (VP1–7) organized in two layered capsid. The outer capsid is composed of VP2 and VP5. The inner capsid, or core, is composed of two major proteins, VP3 and VP7, and three minor proteins, VP1, VP4 and VP6. Within the core is the virus genome. This genome consists of 10 double-stranded (ds)RNA segments of different sizes, three large, designated L1–L3, three medium, M4–M6, and four small, S7–S10. In addition to the seven stuctural proteins that are coded by seven of the RNA species, four non-structural proteins, NS1, NS2, NS3 and NS3A, are coded by three RNA segments, M5, S8 and S10. The two smallest proteins (NS3 and NS3A) are synthesized by the S10 RNA segment, probably from different in-frame translation initiation codons. Nucleotide sequences of eight RNA segments (L2, L3, M4, M5, M6, S7, S8 and S10) and the predicted amino acid sequences of the encoded gene products are also available, mainly representing one serotype, AHSV-4. In this review the properties of the AHSV genes and gene products are discussed. The sequence and hybridization analyses of the different AHSV dsRNA segments indicate that the segments that code for the core proteins, as well as those that code for NS1 and NS2 proteins, are highly conserved between the different virus serotypes. However, the RNA encoding NS3 and NS3A, and the two segments encoding the outer capsid proteins, are more variable between the AHSV serotypes. A close phylogenetic relationship between AHSV, BTV and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), three Culicoides-transmitted orbiviruses, has been revealed when the equivalent sequences of genes and gene products are compared. Recently, the four major AHSV capsid proteins have been expressed using recombinant baculoviruses. Biochemically and antigenically these proteins are similar to the authentic proteins. Since the AHSV VP7 protein is highly conserved among the different serotypes, it has been utilized as a diagnostic reagent. The expressed VP7 protein has also been purified to homogeneity and crystallized for three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The expressed outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, have been purified and used to raise antisera in rabbits. The VP2 antisera neutralize virus infections in vitro indicating the importance of this protein for vaccine development.     

水貂细小病毒NS1与VP2蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性分析

为了比较VP2和NS1两种蛋白的免疫原性,选择免疫原性较好的蛋白进行亚单位疫苗制备。本试验分别扩增了水貂细小病毒(mink enteritis virus,MEV)NS1与VP2基因,连接pET-32a表达载体并进行表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析。以His-Bind亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,将纯化后的蛋白免疫小鼠,分析目的蛋白的免疫原性。经SDS-PAGE与Western blotting鉴定,表明NS1与VP2蛋白大小分别为83 和67 ku,且均具有生物学活性;免疫小鼠后,目的蛋白NS1和VP2均可诱导小鼠产生抗MEV特异性抗体,且VP2蛋白诱导小鼠产生的抗体滴度要高于NS1蛋白。与NS1蛋白比较,VP2蛋白更适合亚单位疫苗的制备。     

Prokaryotic Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of Mink Parvovirus NS1 and VP2 Protein

In order to develop subunit vaccine of mink enteritis virus,the immunogenicity of mink parvovirus protein NS1 and VP2 had been evaluated.Two pairs of primers were designed,and the full-length NS1 and VP2 genes had been amplificated,and then prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-NS1,PET-32a-VP2 were constructed.After the analysis of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting,target proteins had been purified by His-Bind affinity chromatography.The immunogenicity of purified protein NS1 and VP2 were evaluated by serum ELISA testing,after inoculated BALB/c mouse.The results showed that the molecular mass of NS1 and VP2 protein were 83 and 67 ku by SDS-PAGF and Western blotting;Although both target protein NS1 and VP2 had the ability to induce BALB/c mouse to produce anti-MEV specific antibodies,the level of antibodies induced by the protein VP2 was higher than protein NS1.Mink parvovirus protein VP2 was more suitable for the development of subunit vaccine.     

貂阿留申病病毒结构蛋白VP1基因分子特征分析

目的研究貂阿留申病病毒(ADV)结构蛋白VP1基因分子空间结构特征,探讨貂阿留申病病毒致病机制。方法根据Genbank公布的全基因序列设计三对引物,PCR扩增并克隆到pMD-18T载体,阳性重组质粒鉴定、测序验证,拼接后进行生物信息学分析。结果获得了全长2064bpVP1基因,编码688个氨基酸;与细小病毒属中PPV-Nanjing200801相似性最大(51.2%);遗传进化树显示该基因编码蛋白与细小病毒属VP1亲缘关系最近。该蛋白是一种保守不含信号肽的外膜蛋白,具有7个潜在的N-糖基化位点和34个磷酸化位点。二级结构分析显示无规则卷曲含量最高,达68.75%,α螺旋、β折叠分别为16.42%和14.83%;同源建模比对,构建了具有较高合理性和可靠性的三维空间结构。结论预测抗原表位主要位于肽链第254~265、96~112、317~348、514~523、629~645位区段,可为今后开展基因工程疫苗研究奠定基础。     

鹅细小病毒基因组结构特征研究进展

鹅细小病毒（Goose parvovirus,GPV）属细小病毒科,细小病毒属,由我国学者方定一1956年首次分离报道。GPV基因组约5 Kb,由左右2个完整的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）组成：LORF（left ORF）和RORF（right ORF）。LORF编码非结构蛋白（nonstructural protein,NS）NS1和NS2,RORF编码VP1、VP2和VP3三种结构蛋白。本文针对近年来鹅细小病毒基因组结构特征的研究进展进行了综述。