推广节水灌溉技术 促进甘蔗糖业发展

雷州半岛蔗区近几年来推广甘蔗节水灌溉技术的发展现状;浅析本蔗区几种灌溉方法和技术的优越性;推广蔗地节水灌溉的效果和作用;以及采取的相应措施。     

浅谈宿根蔗高产栽培

根据桂中监狱蔗区近几年来宿根蔗栽培的经验，阐述了宿根蔗高产栽培的主要技术措施；种好管好新植蔗；规范操作，提高宿根蔗发芽出苗数；提早田间管理。     

广东糖蔗区域布局优势及增产增糖技术措施

分析了广东糖蔗区域布局的光、热、温、水等自然资源优势,当前糖蔗生产主要分布在经济欠发达的粤西蔗区和粤北蔗区,提出了蔗区普遍存在的问题和增产增糖的技术措施。     

推广节水灌溉技术 促进甘蔗糖业发展

概述雷州半岛蔗区近几年来推广甘蔗节水灌溉技术的发展现状，浅析本蔗区几种灌溉方法和技术的优越性，指出推广蔗地节水灌溉的效果和作用，以及采取的相应措施。     

旱地宿根蔗尾下种技术研究与推广

通过对试验和调查结果的分析,进一步深化对在蔗尾下种基础上创新的宿根蔗尾下种技术的抗旱等生产价值和经济效益的认识,总结提出了整套宿根蔗尾下种技术。     

深入研究 充分合理利用资源把我省甘蔗业做大做强

把我省现有的糖蔗、果蔗和牧草蔗，正在研究中的能源蔗以及断断续续摸索中的菜蔗等归纳为一个植株特性各异、生理功能有别以及利用方式多样的甘蔗业。文中分别就这几类甘蔗提出深入研究和扩大开发利用范围的设想，糖蔗要充分合理利用其各种副产资源，根据植蔗新情况研究调整品种结构和栽培技术，可以考虑增加生产蔗汁饮料特别是浓缩蔗汁项目；果蔗应配合政府部门进行产区合理布局，农业上应对优良品种和栽培技术进行全方位研究，应从调整植期、保鲜蔗茎以及生产蔗汁饮料和混配复合饮料等方向研究果蔗周年供应技术；牧草蔗还要加强品种选育，研究茎叶的合理采收方法，研究指导饲养户如何合理利用牧草蔗以及对种植牧草蔗饲养各种动物的经济效益进行合理分析等，在利用过程中还可以尝试采收茎叶后先剥取蔗笋当作蔬菜食用，余物再做饲料；能源甘蔗要做好品种储备，伺机发展，开发中要重视对蔗渣以及发酵残渣的进一步利用；菜蔗要尽快投入生产利润分析、品种选育、栽培管理技术以及蔗笋烹调技术等研究。总的目标是根据我省各地生活需求和经济建设需要，把甘蔗业扶持壮大，更好地为我省多行业经济建设做贡献。     

弥勒"双高"甘蔗管理技术

根据甘蔗生长对环境条件的要求和甘蔗各个生育期的不同特性,探讨弥勒蔗区"双高"甘蔗新植蔗、宿根蔗的田间管理技术.     

谈蔗种贮藏与冬植蔗栽培技术

甘蔗是利用蔗茎上的蔗芽做种，保护蔗茎蔗芽安全越冬的过程称为贮藏蔗种。而冬植蔗是指“小雪”至“冬至”时期播种的甘蔗。冬植蔗能提早出苗、减少蔗种贮藏保管、错开农时，提高产量和糖分。本文就上述问题简介如下。１贮藏蔗种的主要技术措施１．１选种和留种选择做种的...     

云南水浇地宿根甘蔗高产高效综合栽培技术研究

从新植甘蔗栽培、收砍质量、宿根管理、蔗地营养等方面综合分析了云南蔗区宿根蔗低产低效的主要问题。结合生产实际，因地制宜提出了实行快锄低砍，保护蔗蔸；蔗叶还田保持蔗地营养；地膜覆盖，保证土壤温度的“三保技术”和宿根蔗田间管理上及早开垄松蔸，早施肥管理，早防治病虫草害的“三早”栽培技术     

旱地宿根蔗提高单产的途径

阐述旱地宿根蔗提高单产的途径.主要包括培肥蔗地;种好管好新植蔗;适期收获上造蔗,提高斩蔗质量;选用宿根性好的品种;科学管理,做到早清园,早开垅松蔸,早补苗,早施肥管理,早防治病虫鼠害等"五早"技术措施.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。