云南冬作马铃薯优质丰产栽培技术

1　概　述根据云南省的马铃薯种植区划 ,在云南省的低热漕坝区如蒙自、个旧、元江河谷、金沙江及其支流流域、南盘江流域、怒江及澜沧江河谷地带、富宁至西双版纳至德宏州沿线不太适宜在春、秋两季种植马铃薯 ,属于低地马铃薯不太适宜区。经过近几年我省马铃薯产业的发展及笔者对冬季马铃薯生产的调研 ,认为这些地区虽不太适宜发展春、秋季马铃薯 ,但具有冬季生产马铃薯的优势。这些地区气候多属南亚热带及部分北热带气候 ,海拔 6 0 0～16 0 0m ,冬、春两季少霜或无霜 ,平均温度 10～2 1℃ ,具有良好的灌溉条件 ,为冬春发展马铃薯生产提供了…     

江苏省马铃薯高产配套技术

江西省春、秋气候适合马铃薯生长，收获期分别在4～5月和11～12月，这两段时间正是我省蔬菜春淡和秋淡，恰好又是全国马铃薯主产区鲜薯断档期，我省生产的鲜薯不仅能南下、北上、东进、西行，还可以出口到港澳和东南亚国家和地区。在我省利用良好的光温条件种植早熟优质品种有巨大的内需和出口潜力。这是我省马铃薯生产难得的发展机遇。     

龙山县春马铃薯高产栽培技术

龙山县春马铃薯高产栽培技术李谟崧（龙山县马铃薯研究所）春马铃薯是我县五大粮食作物之一，常年栽种面积１１～１３万亩，特别在发展我县冬季农业、提高春粮总产中具有举足轻重的地位，它既当粮，又可作案，更是发展畜牧业的优质饲料，尤其遇灾年，是救灾度荒最理想的作...     

兴山县马铃薯退化原因探讨

兴山县马铃薯退化原因探讨周宗桥（湖北省兴山县农业局４４３７００）在马铃薯生产中，退化是一个普遍存在的现象，用已经退化的马铃薯作种，产量就会大幅度下降，防止马铃薯退化是发展马铃薯生产必须采取的措施．世界各国学者对马铃薯退化原因作了广泛深入的研究，并且提...     

马铃薯加工业的现状及展望

马铃薯加工业的现状及展望钟立平摘译随着人类对马铃薯食用方法的不断改善，马铃薯加工业由最初的马铃薯干、马铃薯粉丝和马铃薯粉皮，发展到十九世纪中叶人们用马铃薯发酵生产乙醇，制造淀粉，后来又出现了油炸马铃薯片．到本世纪初，第二次世界大战爆发，由于战争的需要...     

福建省马铃薯区试、审定、推广工作的现状对策

<正>福建省是中国最早种植马铃薯的地区之一,属南方秋冬春三作区,主要是冬春种植,是南方马铃薯冬种的优势区和主产区。由于冬种马铃薯不与粮食争地,近年来,福建省马铃薯生产长足发展,常     

马铃薯专用全价肥的应用研究

采用我校自行研制，宁波有机－无机复肥厂生产的马铃薯一次性基施专用全价肥，经１９９６、１９９７年春、秋、春三季试验，结果表明，专用全价肥不仅可明显提高马铃薯的产量和品质，且有改善土壤理化性状，增加土壤有机质含量的作用。其中Ｍ－２的效果最佳。     

马铃薯品种对比试验总结

近年来，泉州市冬、春马铃薯种植面积迅速扩大，发展马铃薯生产已被我市列为重点科技项目。但目前还没有一个适合我地区主栽的品种，为了鉴定筛选出高产、品质好、商品薯率高的优良品种，为北种南调提供科学依据。我市农科所于１９９８年在德化县上涌乡（春种）进行了马铃...     

浙西南山区不同马铃薯品种对比试验结果分析

丽水市地处浙西南山区，早地面积大，是个田少地多，经济欠发达发区。全市常年马铃薯种植面积13350hm^2左右，其种植面积占全市春粮作物的50％以上。针对近年来马铃薯生产因种性退化，发病率高，品质偏差，商品薯比例低，造成产量低而不稳，种植效益欠佳等问题。在省有关部门的支持下，我们     

陕南川道马铃薯留种技术的研究

<正> 1 前言近几年来,马铃薯在陕南川道地区作为经济作物发展较快,播种面积成倍增长。由于川道裁培马铃薯受病毒的侵染和不适宜生态环境条件的影响,留种困难,产量低而不稳,生产者不得不依靠山区供种来解决春薯低产问题。二季作虽为川道地区就地留种提供了条件,但实践证明,用二季种薯春播,尽管采取了措施(920浸种和催芽)生产水平仍低于山种的27.4～70.3%(品种为克新3号和商芋1号)。为了提高川道地区春薯产量和就地留种问题,减少山种下川带来的麻烦和浪费,我们采用春播夏收种薯在自然低温(10℃以下)条件下,培育短壮芽的留种技术。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。