葱蓟马的为害和防治

随着蔬菜种植业的发展,一些为害隐蔽的微小害虫(如蓟马、粉虱),在生产上容易疏忽,使其危害日益严重,应引起重视以保证蔬菜的品质与质量。葱蓟马(Thrips tabaci Lindimen)又叫烟蓟马、棉蓟马,属缨翅目、蓟马科。该害虫分布广泛,国内各省均有分布,主要为害葱、洋葱、韭菜、水葱、砂韭等百合科蔬菜,是多种植物病毒病的媒介,洋葱比葱受害更重,严重发生时可造成50％的损失。     

云南德宏柠檬花期蓟马种类调查及药剂防治

蓟马在柠檬开花初期、盛花期和末花期均可对柠檬花造成严重危害.本研究进行了德宏柠檬花期蓟马为害观察、标本采集、种类鉴定,以及大田防治药剂的筛选试验.结果表明,为害柠檬花的蓟马有9种,分别为黄胸蓟马(Thrips hawaiiensis)、杜鹃蓟马(T.andrewsi)、色蓟马(T.coloratus)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、黄蓟马(T.flavus)、西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、花蓟马(F.intonsa)、端大蓟马(Megalurothri ps distalis)和蓟马属一种(Thrips sp.),其中以黄胸蓟马为柠檬花期蓟马的优势种.供试的7种药剂中,以25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3 500倍液、24％灭多威水剂2 000倍液和20％丁硫克百威乳油1 000倍液的防治效果较好,其施药后3d的虫口减退率分别为93.07％、90.90％和81.57％,校正防效分别为95.36％、93.91％和87.64％;施药后5d的虫口减退率分别为97.90％、95.32％和92.75％,校正防效分别为98.75％、97.21％和95.68％.药剂筛选试验为柠檬花期蓟马的大田防治提供了重要的参考.     

柑橘花期蓟马的种类与鉴定

为明确柑橘花期蓟马种类,以柑橘园为实验基地,系统调查橘园中蓟马的种类。经形态学鉴定共发现3种蓟马,且3种蓟马的形态分别与棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi Karny）、淡色蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）和华简管蓟马（Haplothris chinesis Pfiesner）极其相似。对3种蓟马分别进行单头虫体的基因组DNA提取,对其ITS2基因序列进行PCR扩增并测序,测序结果登入NCBI数据进行比对,结果表明3种蓟马分别与棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi Kamy）、淡色蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）和华简管蓟马（Haplothris chinesis Priesner）的相似度均达99％。     

避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生动态及常用杀虫剂对优势种的毒力测定

为明确避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马种类?发生动态及常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马的毒力, 本研究采集鉴定了避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马成虫1 882头, 选用黄色和蓝色2种粘虫板监测了葡萄以及两种诱集植物黄金菊Euryops pectinatus和蓝花鼠尾草Salvia farinacea上蓟马发生动态, 并采用菜豆浸渍饲喂法测定了6种常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi?黄蓟马Thrips flavus和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的室内毒力?结果表明, 在避雨栽培葡萄上共采集到隶属于2科4属的10种蓟马, 其中棕榈蓟马(35.97%)?黄蓟马(29.22%)和西花蓟马(24.50%)为优势种蓟马?根据四分位法得到避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生高峰在8月下旬至9月中下旬, 在发生早期和主要发生期葡萄树上部蓟马发生量显著高于下部?两种诱集植物均对避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马有一定的诱集作用, 且在各个发生期黄金菊的诱集效果显著高于蓝花鼠尾草?6种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的毒力作用依次为:啶虫脒>阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对黄蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>啶虫脒>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对西花蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>啶虫脒>氟啶虫胺腈>吡虫啉>高效氟氯氰菊酯?上述结果表明, 为害避雨栽培葡萄的蓟马主要为棕榈蓟马?黄蓟马和西花蓟马, 推荐使用啶虫脒?阿维菌素和噻虫嗪进行防治?同时, 可在葡萄园周围种植黄金菊和蓝花鼠尾草作为诱集植物诱集后施药防治?     

云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态

2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。     

几种捕食性蓟马

在蓟马的类群中,大多数为植食性种类,仅有少数种类为捕食性。进行害虫天敌调查时,常于果园及一些农田作物上发现有捕食性蓟马猎食蚜虫、红蜘蛛、粉蚧、蓟马、木虱若虫及卵等小型昆虫或动物。现简要纪述我国已发现的七种捕食性蓟马,供害虫天敌资源调查及进一步研究参考。横纹蓟马Aeolothrips spp。属锥尾亚目、纹蓟马科(Aeolothripidae)。本属在我国发现有两种: 横纹蓟马Aeolothrips fasciatus(Linné)1761[图1,(1),(2),(4),(6)]体长雌1.5—1.7毫米,雄1.3—1.5毫米。体棕黑色,产卵管背向弯曲;触角9节,     

昆明虫瘿蓟马的发生及为害

近年来,昆明市榕树(Ficus)和鹅掌柴(Sche fflera)受到蓟马为害比较严重.经鉴定,为害榕树、造成叶片饺子状虫瘿的蓟马优势种类为母管蓟马属(Gynaikothrips)的榕母管蓟马(Gynaikothrips ficorum).为害鹅掌柴,造成叶片角状虫瘿的管蓟马属于滑管蓟马属(Liothrips)的鹅掌柴滑管蓟马(Liothrips sp.).5～6月和9～10月是虫瘿蓟马的发生高峰期,捕食性天敌黑纹透翅花蝽(Montandoniola moraguesi)在局部地区能起到自然控制蓟马种群的作用.     

海南豇豆蓟马发生为害调查及蓝板监测技术研究

系统调查了海南豇豆蓟马的种类和发生为害情况。结果表明,为害海南豇豆的主要有豆大蓟马和花蓟马两种。其中,豆大蓟马可在豇豆整个生育期为害,而花蓟马仅在豇豆花期为害。豇豆开花后,两种蓟马的发生为害情况与作物布局和种植结构以及防治水平密切相关。但总体而言,以豆大蓟马为害为主。同时,还对蓟马在豇豆上的种群消长动态进行了监测,初步分析了其在自然条件下的种群消长规律。     

10.2%阿维·三唑磷微乳剂防治瓜亮蓟马药效初探

瓜亮蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）属缨翅目,蓟马科。别名菜田黄蓟马、棉蓟马、忍冬蓟马,是瓜类、茄果类和豆类蔬菜上的主要害虫之一,分布河南、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、台湾及长江以南各省。它以成、若虫刺吸植株幼嫩叶片、果实汁液,严重影响蔬菜产量和品质。     

榕母管蓟马危害榕树盆景

榕母管蓟马[Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal)]又称古巴月桂雌蓟马, 属缨翅目, 管蓟马科, 是榕树上一种重要的害虫, 过去在我国长期使用G. uzeli Zimmermann学名.     

辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类与时间生态位

为明确辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类和发生规律?于2019年和2020年对昆明市盘龙区辣椒田的蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫的种类及种群数量进行了调查, 并进行了时间生态位分析?结果表明, 辣椒田蓟马种类共有10种, 优势种为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis?黄蓟马Thrips flavus?八节黄蓟马T. flavidulus和花蓟马F. intonsa, 其中西花蓟马的优势度最高, 两年分别为0.593和0.551; 主要捕食性天敌昆虫有南方小花蝽Orius similis?二叉小花蝽O. bifilarus和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis, 其中南方小花蝽优势度最高, 两年分别为0.759和0.728?两年中, 西花蓟马的种群数量随时间变化波动幅度最大, 在7月中上旬数量最高值两年分别为66.5头/m2和61.5头/m2, 而捕食性天敌昆虫活动高峰时间滞后于蓟马?2019年黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.80; 2020年八节黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.87?黄蓟马和八节黄蓟马同其他优势种蓟马的生态位重叠指数高, 两种蓟马在时间序列上活动情况相似?3种捕食性天敌的时间生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数相近, 在辣椒田存在一定的竞争作用?辣椒田蓟马发生量大且种类呈现多样性, 其中西花蓟马种群数量较高, 应着重对其进行防治?南方小花蝽?二叉小花蝽?异色瓢虫是控制辣椒蓟马的主要捕食性天敌昆虫, 在辣椒花期前以及各种农事操作时尽可能保护其种群数量, 增强天敌对蓟马的自然控害功能?     

蓟马信息素及在防治中的应用

蓟马是缨翅目昆虫的统称，虫体微小，多数为植食性，以锉吸式口器刺吸植物为害。蓟马繁殖力强，世代重叠严重，暴发频次高，是重要的农林害虫类群之一。蓟马为害行为和其信息素以及相关的嗅觉行为密切相关。本文分别从蓟马信息素的种类、触角的感受机制及信息素在防治中的应用等几个方面进行了综述，并对蓟马综合防治的应用前景进行了展望，以期在蓟马的综合防治中提供理论依据与指导。     

昆明市白车轴草上蓟马种群动态调查

对昆明市白车轴草上蓟马种类及其周年种群动态进行了调查。白车轴草上蓟马主要有西花蓟马(Fran-kliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、八节黄蓟马(Thrips flavidulus)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、稻单管蓟马(Haplothrips aculeatus)和烟蓟马(T.tabaci),有时会出现黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、玉米黄呆蓟马(Anaphothrips obscurus)、苏丹呆蓟马(A.sudanensis)和云南纹蓟马(Aeolothrips yunnanensis)。本文分析了前6种蓟马的周年种群动态,重点阐述了外来有害生物西花蓟马,该虫主要在3~6月发生,是此期间白车轴草上的蓟马优势种。     

Incidence of weed reservoirs and vectors of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus on southern Tasmanian lettuce farms

Thrips species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) alternate weed hosts were surveyed on two lettuce farms in southern Tasmania during 1994 and 1995. Only one known vector species, Thrips tabaci, was found at either site, comprising on average 36.8% of the total monthly catch. A major peak of thrips activity in the summer corresponded with an increase of disease in autumn harvested lettuce. Two thrips species new for Tasmania were recorded, Pseudanaphothrips achaetus and Tenothrips frici . Infection patterns within the crop indicated that localized weed infestations were the most likely reservoir of virus. ELISA testing showed that TSWV was present in a range of dicotyledonous weed species, although usually infecting only a low percentage of the plants. Arctotheca calendula appeared to be the single most important reservoir host species at one property, whilst this species and Sonchus oleraceus, Malva sylvestris, Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris, Erodium moschatum and Trifolium sp. were probably the most important reservoirs at the other property. Two new natural TSWV host species were recorded, Erodium moschatum and Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris . The property with the highest incidence of TSWV-infected lettuce had a relatively higher proportion of virus-infected weeds but less thrips activity during the infection period.     

Real‐time PCR assay for the identification of Thrips palmi*

Since Thrips palmi became a regulated pest for most European countries, inspections at points of entry into Europe and monitoring in Europe have intensified not only for T. palmi but also for thrips as a whole. Morphological identification of thrips is performed on adults and to a lesser extent on second‐stage larvae only, because no adequate identification keys for the separation of species based on the characteristics of eggs, first‐stage larvae, pre‐pupae or pupae are available. We have developed a real‐time PCR assay based on TaqMan. A T. palmi‐specific set of primers and probe were selected within the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The specificity of the assay was assessed using 15 specimens of Thrips palmi and 61 specimens of 23 other thrips species commonly occuring in Europe. All T. palmi specimens were detected, and no cross reactions with other thrips were observed. The method was tested on single larvae and adults and proved to be applicable for both those stages of T. palmi.     

Pest status of the Hawaiian flower thrips,Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in lemons in the Mediterranean region of Turkey

Phytoparasitica - The Hawaiian flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a polyphagous and widespread pest in tropical and temperate regions. In 2015, T. hawaiiensis...     

Transmission of tobacco streak virus by Thrips tabach a new method of plant virus transmission

When adults or nymphs of Thrips tabaci were mixed with virus-carrying pollen from Lycopersicon esculentum infected with tobacco streak virus and then placed on Chenopodium amaranticolor test seedlings, the virus was regularly transmitted. The virus was also regularly transmitted when virus-carrying pollen was placed on the leaves of C amaranticolor test seedlings and the thrips then introduced. No transmission occurred when test seedlings were exposed to virus-carrying pollen in the absence of the thrips or to the thrips without pollen. Further, no transmission occurred when the thrips were fed on virus-infected leaves and then transferred to test seedlings in the absence of virus-carrying pollen. The evidence indicates that the transmission of tobacco streak virus by Thrips tabaci depends on the presence of pollen-borne virus, which presumably infects via wounds made by the thrips. This method of virus transmission has not previously been reported.