小菜蛾抗杀螟丹生理机制的研究

利用亲和层析的方法分离纯化得到敏感品系和抗杀螟丹品系小菜蛾的神经乙酰胆碱受体，通过放射性免疫实验检测了抗、感品系小菜蛾的乙酰胆碱受体与沙蚕毒素类似物α-银环蛇毒素的结合率。结果表明，抗杀螟丹品系小菜蛾乙酰胆碱受体存在显著的靶标不敏感性。     

小菜蛾对沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂抗性的生化遗传分析

利用室内选育的小菜蛾抗杀虫双品系、抗杀螟丹品系和敏感品系 ,研究了各杂交世代小菜蛾的生物学特性以及蛹期的乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE)和羧酸酯酶 (CarE)活性。结果表明 :杀虫双和杀螟丹的选择作用没有改变小菜蛾的性比、蛹重和羽化率等生物学特性 ;抗性品系和敏感品系的AchE和CarE活性没有明显差异。由此进一步证明AchE和CarE的活性变化不是小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性的主要机理。     

抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹小菜蛾近等基因系的培育

将小菜蛾抗性品系与敏感品系杂交,Ｆ１代用能杀死全部敏感个体和部分杂合个体的剂量进行选择;存活个体与敏感品系回交,其后代再用上述适量药剂进行选择;存活个体与敏感品系回交。通过１２代回交,建立了抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹近等基因系,并对其多功能氧化酶环氧化活性和生物学特性进行了比较研究。结果显示：（１）抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹小菜蛾近等基因系的艾氏剂环氧化活性均高于敏感品系,分别为１．５６倍和１．９７倍;（２）在回交后代中,抗性水平逐代降低。小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹的抗性并未付出明显的生物学代价。     

小菜蛾对杀螟丹抗药性的生化遗传研究

采用室内选育的小菜蛾对杀螟丹的抗性品系和敏感品系,研究了各杂交世代小菜蛾多功能氧化酶（ＭＦＯ）,乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡｃｈＥ）和羧酸酯酶活性。结果表明：（１）抗性品系（抗性提高３５．５倍）多功能氧化酶环氧化活性比敏感品系高（１．８３倍）,并随着杂交后代中对杀螟丹抗性水平的下降而降低;（２）抗药性品系和敏感品系的ＡｃｈＥ和ＣａｒＥ活性没有明显差异。     

抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹小菜蛾的等基因系的培育

将小菜蛾抗性品系与敏感品系杂交，Ｆ１代用能杀死全部敏感个体和部分杂合个体的剂量进行选择；存活人体与敏感品系回交，其后代再用上述适量药剂进行选择；存活个体与敏感品系回交。通过１２代回交，建立了抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹近等基因系，并对我功能氧化酶环氧化活性和生物学特性进行比较研究。     

小菜蛾不同抗性品系杂交后代对药剂敏感性分析

利用室内选育的小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)抗溴氰菊酯品系(R1)和抗杀虫双品系(R2)为亲本,进行正反杂交,对其后代的两个种群及亲本进行毒力测定,分析小菜蛾对溴氰菊酯和杀虫双药剂的敏感性.结果表明:正反杂交后代两种群对溴氰菊酯和杀虫双不敏感;后代种群F1代与亲本对药剂的敏感性无显著性差异;后代两种群对药剂的敏感性有明显逐代上升趋势.     

南京郊区小菜蛾抗性测定和几种杀虫剂触杀毒力的比较

研究了南京郊区小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯）和有机磷杀剂（敌敌畏）的抗性水平及对有机磷（甲基毒死蜱）、沙蚕毒素类（杀虫单、巴丹）、氯化烟碱类（吡虫清）、苯并吡唑类（氟虫清）和阿维菌素（ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ）等６种杀虫剂的敏感性水平。抗性测定结果表明,与敏感品系相比,南京郊区小菜蛾对氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯产生了极高的抗性,抗性指数分别为８１．４１倍和大于１３４．１５倍,对敌敌畏则产生了中等的抗性,抗性指数为１０．０６倍。活体增效试验显示,酯酶抑制剂ＴＰＰ对氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的增效作用分别为１．４６和１,多功能氧化酶抑制剂ＰＢ对氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的增效作用分别为３．０２和１,表明神经敏感性下降可能是小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生高抗性的主要机制。点滴法测定结果表明阿维菌素、氟虫清、巴丹和杀虫单对抗性小     

小菜蛾对杀虫双和溴氰菊酯抗性遗传的RDA分析

利用代表性差异分析技术（Representational Difference Analysis,RDA）初步分析了小菜蛾敏感品系及其抗杀虫双和抗溴氰菊酯近等基因系之间的遗传差异。用敏感品系基因组作驱赶扩增子，分别以抗杀虫双和抗溴氰菊酯近等基因系基因组DNA作检测扩增子，通过4轮消减杂交，在抗杀虫双近等基因系基因组中得到2条差异片段（150bp-300bp），两轮消减杂交后，在抗溴氰菊酯近等基因系中也获得了片段（150bp-300bp）。这些结果表明，RDA技术可有效用于小菜蛾抗性分子机理的研究。     

开发无公害新类型杀虫剂“278”初报

早在30年代就发现,在一种海产动物异足索蚕(Lumbriconereis heteropoda)体内含有一种天然有效成份“沙蚕毒素”(Nereistoxin),对某些种类的昆虫具有杀虫活性。在40年代被分离鉴定其结构,并致力于仿生合成。到60年代,由于对沙蚕毒素的进一步认识,而研制出许多新型高效杀虫剂,如杀螟丹、杀虫双,硫环杀等。杀蚕毒     

小菜蛾不同抗性品系杂交后代羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力分析

本文报道小菜蛾抗澳氰菊酯、抗杀虫双品系的正、反杂交后代的羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,并与其亲本及敏感品系的酶活力进行比较.结果表明:后代正反杂交各代羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶之间没有显著差异;抗溴氰菊酯亲本的乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性略低于正反杂交后代的活性,而羧酸酯酶的活性略高于各正反杂交后代的活性.     

Insensitive Acetylcholine Receptor Conferring Resistance of Plutella xylostella to Nereistoxin Insecticides

The combinative rate measurement of (3-[Ⅰ125] iodotyrosyl) α-bungarotoxin was applied in the analysis of the relation between nerve acetylcholine receptor and three types of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). In the dimehypo-resistant strain and in the cartap-resistant strain, the nerve acetylcholine receptor showed the remarkable insensitivity to dimehypo and cartap, of which the binding rate to ligand was approximately 66 and 60%, respectively, of the susceptible strain. The sensitivity to deltamethrin in the deltamethrin-resistant strain did not show visible change. These results indicated that the decline in the sensitivity of nerve acetylcholine receptor to insecticide might be a potential mechanism to nereistoxin insecticides resistance in the diamondback moth.     

Insensitive Acetylcholine Receptor Conferring Resistance of Plutella xylostella to Nereistoxin Insecticides

The combinative rate measurement of （3-[I125] iodotyrosyl） α-bungarotoxin was applied in the analysis of the relation between nerve acetylcholine receptor and three types of insecticide resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （L.）. In the dimehypo-resistant strain and in the cartap-resistant strain, the nerve acetylcholine receptor showed the remarkable insensitivity to dimehypo and cartap, of which the binding rate to ligand was approximately 66 and 60%, respectively, of the susceptible strain. The sensitivity to deltamethrin in the deltamethrin-resistant strain did not show visible change. These results indicated that the decline in the sensitivity of nerve acetylcholine receptor to insecticide might be a potential mechanism to nereistoxin insecticides resistance in the diamondback moth.     

紫背金盘提取物对小菜蛾的作用研究

紫背金盘提取物对小菜蛾幼虫有拒食和生长发育抑制活性，以氯仿提取物活性为最高。饲喂处理幼虫出现脱肛，黑斑和畸形等缓慢症状，成虫的生殖过程受到影响，这种作用有利于压低田间种群数量。对多种杀虫剂产生抗性的小菜蛾品系对紫背金盘提取物没有抗性，因此，这种植物提取物可作为小菜蛾抗性治理的一条途径。     

Biochemical Mechanism of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella Linnaeus

The insecticide chlorantraniliprole exhibits good efficacy and plays an important role in controlling the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. However, resistance to chlorantraniliprole has been observed recently in some field populations. At present study, diamondback moths with resistance to chlorantraniliprole (resistant ratio (RR) was 82.18) for biochemical assays were selected. The assays were performed to determine potential resistance mechanisms. The results showed that the selected resistant moths (GDLZ-R) and susceptible moth could be synergized by known metabolic inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl-maleate (DEM) at different levels (1.68–5.50-fold and 2.20–2.89-fold, respectively), and DEM showed the maximum synergism in both strains. In enzymes assays, a high level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was observed in the resistant moth, in contrast, moths that are susceptible to the insecticide had only 1/3 the GST activity of the resistant moths. The analysis of short-term exposure of chlorantraniliprole on biochemical response in the resistant strain also showed that GST activity was significantly elevated after exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of chlorantraniliprole (about 1/3 LC₅₀, 12 mg L⁻¹) 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the enzyme activity and resistance, and GST is likely the main detoxification mechanism responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella L., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and carboxy-lesterase (CarE) are involved in to some extent.     

抗药性小菜蛾田间药效试验初报

对１１种杀虫机制不同的杀虫剂防治抗药性小菜蛾进行田间药效试验结果表明，供试的５种菊酯类农药中氰戊菊酯的防效最差；两种有机磷农药防效差异不大，效果欠佳；两种生物制剂在试验中均表现出较好防效；４种农药与广效液的混合试验结果，混用防效均优于单剂．还根据试验结果及小菜蛾发生特点，提出了抗性治理对策。     

山西小菜蛾抗药性研究

采用ＦＡＯ推荐的点滴法测定了山西太原、太谷、大同地区小菜蛾（ＰｌｕｔｅｌｌａｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａＬ）对３种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明，对氰戊菊酯，太原和太谷地区，小菜蛾产生了高水平抗性，抗性指数分别为７２．４和５５．８倍。对马拉硫磷和敌敌畏的抗性只有太原地区产生了低水平抗性，其他地区抗性不明显。同时还进行了大量的药剂筛选试验。     

广西小菜蛾对定虫隆的抗药性监测

从1997年下半年起,广西开始使用定虫隆防治小菜蛾。不同年份田间抗药性监测结果表明:2000年以前,小菜蛾对定虫隆仍敏感;2001~2002年小菜蛾对定虫隆的抗性指数为8.76~9.75,属低水平抗性;2003~2004年小菜蛾对定虫隆的抗性指数为20.41~21.25,已达到中抗水平;2002~2003年广西田间不同小菜蛾种群对定虫隆的抗性指数在11.43~28.14之间,达到中等水平抗性。在条件基本相同的情况下,田间药效试验结果为:2000年以前,5%抑太保乳油1 000~2 000倍液,药后7 d对小菜蛾的防效均在90%以上,2001年只有1 000倍液的防治效果达到90%以上,2002~2003年防效下降很快,到2004年,柳州、南宁试验点1 000倍液的防治效果均低于70%,显著低于前几年的防效。抗性监测与田间药效变化的结果基本一致。