天然鼠源噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗鸡堆型艾美耳球虫裂殖子单链抗体的筛选（英文）

从未经主动免疫的BALB/c小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增鼠抗体重链(VH)和轻链(VL)可变区基因,将轻链和重链可变区基因经重叠延伸拼接PCR反应,构建成单链抗体(ScFv)基因。将ScFv基因克隆到噬菌体载体PCANTAB-5E,转化入大肠杆菌TG1中,筛选出阳性克隆,接种于LB培养基,经辅助噬菌体M13KO7拯救,构建天然鼠源噬菌体抗体库,并进行抗体库滴度测定,通过DNA finger printing技术及单链抗体基因序列分析鉴定抗体库的多样性。以堆型艾美耳球虫裂殖子为靶抗原,对构建的噬菌体抗体库进行亲和筛选,将强阳性重组噬菌体克隆感染大肠杆菌HB2151,经IPTG诱导表达可溶性ScFv抗体,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,用ELISA法鉴定其对堆型艾美耳球虫裂殖子抗原的结合活性。结果表明,天然鼠源噬菌体抗体库成功构建,库容量约为2.50×10~(11) CFU/mol,单链抗体库具有一定的多样性。经过4轮亲和筛选,携带抗鸡堆型艾美耳球虫裂殖子表面抗原的特异性噬菌体抗体得到了富集。特异性ScFv抗体在E.coli中分泌表达,表达产物具有免疫活性。筛选出5个与鸡堆型艾美耳球虫裂殖子抗原结合活性较高的克隆,构建的单链噬菌体抗体库的有效表位具有多样性。本研究为进一步认识鸡球虫的各个发育阶段奠定理论基础,为鸡球虫病免疫控制研究提供参考。     

抗重组猪蛔虫抗原AD41蛋白鼠源性单链抗体库的构建及筛选

为了构建重组猪蛔虫抗原AD41蛋白鼠源性单链抗体库,试验用重组蛋白AD41抗原免疫接种Balb/c小鼠,提取小鼠脾脏总RNA,以总RNA为模板经RT-PCR合成cDNA,再以cDNA为模板,用小鼠免疫球蛋白重链和轻链设计引物,分别扩增重链和轻链可变区基因,利用SOE-PCR法将VH和VL片段随机拼接成单链抗体(ScFv)片段,将其克隆入质粒表达载体pCANTAB5E中,转化于大肠杆菌TG1,通过辅助噬菌体M13K07援救构建噬菌体单链抗体库。结果表明:从30个噬菌体克隆中筛选到25个阳性克隆。说明成功地构建了抗重组猪蛔虫抗原AD41蛋白鼠源性单链抗体库。     

抗庆大霉素噬菌体抗体库的构建和筛选

本研究使用噬菌体抗体库技术筛选针对庆大霉素（gentamicin）的单链抗体。以抗庆大霉素杂交瘤细胞株（2A3）为基因来源构建scFv基因,连接至pCANTAB5E噬菌粒载体,通过电击转化TG1（Escherichia coli TG1）构建了库容量为6.5×106噬菌体单链抗体库。抗庆大霉素噬菌体单链抗体库进行三轮富集筛选,通过Phage-ELISA技术成功筛选出了9个抗庆大霉素噬菌体阳性克隆,为开发新型残留检测用抗体奠定了基础。     

鼠源性抗雄性特异性抗原噬菌体Fab抗体库的构建

利用雄鼠脾细胞免疫6~7周龄C57BL/6雌鼠,加强免疫后取脾细胞,TRIZOL法提取细胞总RNA,并逆转录合成cDNA第一条链。以其为模板,利用特异性Ig基因的引物PCR扩增出重链Fd片段和κ链基因,并将扩增出基因重组到噬质粒载体pComb3中,重组噬质粒转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue中,分别构建κ链基因库和抗体Fab段基因库。分别经蓝白斑筛选,计算转化效率,通过PCR反应和双酶切反应鉴定抗体库的重组率,轻链、重链Fd段基因的重组率均为80%。抗体Fab段基因库经过辅助噬菌体VCSM13超感染,成功构建了鼠源性噬菌体Fab抗体库,并测定噬菌体抗体库的库容和滴度,结果分别为1.5×107,3.2×1011pfu/mL。对噬菌体抗体库的18个克隆进行ELISA分析,结果显示以雄鼠脾细胞作为抗原时,有9个克隆含有雄性特异性的噬菌体抗体,而以雄鼠睾丸细胞作为抗原时,有8个克隆与睾丸细胞呈现结合活性。噬菌体抗体库的构建为雄性特异性抗原的鼠源性噬菌体抗体Fab片段的筛选及其应用、雄性特异性抗原和抗体功能性分子基础的研究奠定了坚实基础。     

抗诺氟沙星噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与筛选

应用噬菌体展示和重组抗体技术制备抗诺氟沙星(NFLX)单链抗体库,筛选获得抗NFLX高特异性、高亲和力的单链抗体scFv。将NFLX与BSA化学偶联获得的免疫源,免疫Balb/C小鼠,提取脾细胞RNA,反转录获得cDNA。以针对鼠源重链可变区(VH)及轻链可变区(VL)基因的特异性引物,扩增获得VH基因和VL基因。通过SOE-PCR法将VH基因和VL基因通过柔性多肽Linker((Gly4Ser)3)拼接成VH-Linker-VL片段,酶切(sfiⅠ+NotⅠ)处理后,插入噬粒载体pCANTAB5E,并转化宿主菌TG1,通过辅助噬菌体M13K07拯救,构建抗NFLX噬菌体单链抗体库。以包被抗原NFLX-OVA包被96孔板,亲和富集法,经三轮淘筛,间接Elisa初步检测重组scFv的特异性抗原结合活性。成功构建噬菌体单链抗体库,获得鼠源抗NFLX特异性的scFv,噬菌体中scFv插入率为90%,获得库容约为1.3×106的抗NFLX噬菌体单链抗体库,筛选得到5株抗NFLX的scFv。为运用噬菌体展示抗体技术制备特异性抗药物单抗及进一步建立药残检测新技术奠定了基础。     

抗乙肝病毒人源噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及筛选

为了构建抗乙肝病毒人源噬菌体特异性单链抗体库,从中筛选抗乙肝病毒人源噬菌体单链抗体库特异性单链抗体,试验提取患者外周淋巴细胞总RNA,以总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术分别扩增出H链和L链可变区基因,采用SOE-PCR方法将VH和VL片段随机拼接成ScFv片段,然后将ScFv片段克隆至pCANTAB5E载体,电转E.coil TG1,构建抗乙肝病毒人源单链抗体库,并从中筛选阳性克隆抗体。结果表明:经过5轮筛选,获得2株能与乙肝病毒抗原特异性结合的阳性克隆。说明利用噬菌体抗体技术可不经免疫制备抗乙肝病毒人源噬菌体特异性单链抗体。     

免疫雏鹅发生小鹅瘟的原因分析

2018年6月,安徽某鹅场接种过小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体的2批雏鹅发生小鹅瘟,再次用小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品进行紧急接种,有一定的控制效果,但仍有雏鹅死亡。为分析其原因,采集了8只9-12日龄病死鹅的肝脏和脾脏,用PCR扩增检测水禽细小病毒的VP3基因,选8份阳性样品测定了鹅细小病毒(GPV)VP1部分序列并进行了序列分析。结果显示,16份组织样品均为阳性。在443 nt VP1区,所测8株病毒之间的序列同源性为100%,与GPV亚洲强毒分支之间的序列同源性为99%。随后,用琼脂扩散沉淀试验分析了2株待检毒株与GPV参考毒株的抗原相关性,并测定了2种小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品的效价。结果显示,待检毒株与参考毒株具有相同的沉淀抗原,2种小鹅瘟蛋黄抗体产品的效价分别为1∶2和1∶16。表明免疫雏鹅仍发生小鹅瘟的原因并非源自GPV变异,而是与某些蛋黄抗体产品的抗体效价较低有关。     

抗猪流感噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与筛选

利用噬菌体展示技术构建猪流感病毒噬菌体抗体库,并筛选出猪流感高特异性、高亲和力的单链抗体(scFv)。以猪流感病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,提取脾细胞总RNA,反转录后以cDNA为模板扩增获得VH基因和VL基因,并采用重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR),用柔性多肽Linker接头(Gly4Ser)按VH-Linker-VL方式将VH基因和VL基因拼接成scFv基因片段。将scFv基因和pCANTAB5E载体分别双酶切(SfiⅠ/NotⅠ)后连接,转化宿主菌TG1,经过辅助噬菌体M13K07拯救,构建噬菌体单链抗体库。以猪流感病毒为抗原包被96孔酶标板,经过3轮的亲和富集筛选,用Phage-ELISA鉴定阳性重组抗体。本研究成功构建出库容约为4×106cfu/mL抗猪流感病毒的单链抗体库,并筛选出4株特异性抗猪流感病毒的scFv抗体,能够与鼠源阳性多抗进行竞争结合猪流感病毒,为抗猪流感病毒转基因猪的研究奠定基础。     

平坝灰鹅群鹅细小病毒病流行病学调查

为了解鹅细小病毒(GPV)对贵州省平坝灰鹅群的感染现状和潜在威胁,在平坝县境内采集临床健康平坝灰鹅的血清和卵,优化GPV感染鹅胚尿囊液浓缩度,使用不同浓缩度抗原进行琼脂扩散试验检测GPV血清和卵黄抗体,同时针对病毒VP3基因,利用分子生物学方法检测血清、卵黄和蛋壳带毒情况,并分析隐性感染对平坝灰鹅群的可能影响。结果表明,10倍浓缩抗原较宜于抗体检出,平坝灰鹅GPV血清抗体平均阳性率达37.3%;卵黄抗体阳性16.7%;阳性血清、阴性血清和卵黄、蛋壳表面病原核酸检出率分别为13.2%,6.7%,13.3%和0。这一结果说明GPV抗原抗体可共存在于血清,平坝灰鹅面临GPV威胁并可能长期隐性带毒,而母源抗体的存在可能是避免小鹅瘟大规模暴发的原因。     

噬菌体抗体库技术及其研究策略

噬菌体抗体库技术是近年发展起来的将抗体基因与噬菌体外壳蛋白基因在其表面进行融合表达的技术。可用来构建噬菌体抗体库 ,并可从中制备各种基因工程抗体 ,为抗体的进一步开发应用提供了具有良好前景的新方法。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.