猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒A06株单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)A06株病毒抗原免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合.经间接ELISA方法筛选,有限稀释法克隆,获得4株稳定分泌特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3D12、4E10、6E2和7G6.其细胞培养上清效价分别为1:256、1:512、1:512和1:256,小鼠腹水效价分别为1:1.024×106、1:2.048×106、1:1.024×106和1:2.048×106.亚型鉴定表明,3D12、4E10、6E2和7G6分别为IgG2b、IgG2b、IgG1和IgG2a.ELISA检测结果显示,4种PRRSV单克隆抗体仅与PRRSV反应,不与其他病毒反应,表明均为抗PRRSV的型特异性单克隆抗体.对单克隆抗体腹水液进行IgG提取纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳验证,仅出现两条清晰条带,无杂带出现,证明纯化效果较好.这4种单克隆抗体的获得,为建立PRRSV检测方法提供了强有力的工具.     

水疱性口炎病毒单克隆抗体的制备与生物学特性鉴定

用纯化的水疱性口炎毒(VSV)免疫接种Balb/c小鼠,取免疫接种的小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,有限稀释法克隆,获得4株稳定分泌抗VSV特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(5B1、8H1、9B9和11E11)。4株单克隆抗体均能与VSV反应,且不与其他病毒及BHK细胞反应,表明4株单克隆抗体特异性良好。4株单克隆抗体腹水ELISA效价分别为1∶512 000、1∶256000、1∶256 000、1∶1 024 000。本试验为研究VSV生物学特性和建立VSV免疫学检测方法奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)ORF2重组蛋白单抗,以纯化复性的ORF2重组蛋白作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,经ELISA筛选出了3株分泌PCV2ORF2蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7.3株细胞的培养上清中抗体效价分别为1:3 125、1:3 125、1:15 625,小鼠腹水效价分别为1:390 000、1:390 000、1:1 950 000;Western blot显示,3株单克隆抗体均能与PCV2ORF2重组发生特异性反应;辣根过氧化酶偶联4G8F7制成的酶标单抗,测定结果显示其最佳工作浓度为1:2 000.结果表明本研究利用体外重组表达PCV2ORF2融合蛋白制成的杂交瘤能够稳定分泌效价高、特异性强的单克隆抗体.     

伪狂犬病病毒闽A株单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

本试验应用细胞杂交瘤技术,取健康BALB/c小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0 骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,经双抗体夹心ELISA筛选,4次有限稀释法克隆,得到2株能稳定分泌抗伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株:2C6E6、3D5F1。2株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价分别为1:512、1:1 024。鉴定结果显示这2株单克隆抗体分别为IgG1亚类和IgG2a亚类,杂交瘤细胞的平均染色体数目为84条。用纯化的PRV免疫经产健康的BALB/c小鼠,采用ELISA方法检测获得的腹水的效价分别为1:1 638 400和1:819 200。经检测这2株单克隆抗体与猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪细小病毒均不发生交叉反应,特异性良好。杂交瘤细胞连续培养30代,仍能稳定分泌抗PRV的单克隆抗体,说明这2株单克隆抗体的稳定性良好。本试验研究结果为PRV的快速诊断方法的建立奠定了理论基础。     

抗Asia1型口蹄疫病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

用纯化的Asia1型口蹄疫病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA和间接免疫荧光(IFA)筛选,有限稀释法克隆,获得了2株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3H6、5G3,其细胞培养上清效价分别为1:64和1:128,小鼠腹水效价分别为1×10~(-4)和8×10~(-3);ELISA和IFA结果显示,2株单抗仅与Asial型口蹄疫病毒反应,不与O型口蹄疫病毒反应,表明它们均为抗Asial型口蹄疫病毒的型特异性单克隆抗体。westem blot结果显示,2株单克隆抗体均不与全病毒抗原反应,表明它们所针对的抗原表位均为构象表位。相加ELISA试验表明,两株单抗识别不同的抗原表位。经硫氰酸盐洗脱法测定,3H6和5G3的相对亲和力指数分别为1.0 mol/L和1.5 mol/L。这2株单抗的获得为建立口蹄疫病毒检测方法提供了强有力的工具。     

小反刍兽疫病毒H蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

用基因工程表达的小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)H蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选,获得2株稳定分泌抗PPRVH蛋白特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(2C6和4B10),其细胞培养上清液ELISA效价分别为1:256和1:128,腹水ELISA效价分别为1:128000和1:64000。亚型鉴定表明,2C6和4B10分别为IgG2b和IgG2a。ELISA结果显示,2株单克隆抗体仅与PPRVH蛋白和PPRV反应,不与其它相关病毒反应,表明2株单克隆抗体特异性良好。这2株单克隆抗体的获得为研究PPRVH蛋白生物学特性及建立PPRV免疫学检测方法奠定了基础。     

犬细小病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其在胶体金免疫层析试纸研发中的应用

为制备犬细小病毒胶体金免疫层析试纸,将F81细胞中分离的CPV免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,建立间接ELISA方法筛选分泌CPV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,获得1株能稳定分泌CPV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为3E2。3E2的亚类为IgG1型,腹水抗体效价为1.8×105,交叉试验表明,3E2可与CPV特异性结合,与其他犬常见病毒无交叉反应。用3E2单克隆抗体制备的检测CPV的胶体金免疫层析试纸条特异性良好,为诊断和研究CPV奠定了基础。     

分泌抗犬细小病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

为制备犬细小病毒(CPV)单克隆抗体,用F81细胞繁殖CPV,病毒液经二乙烯亚胺(BEI)灭活、纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经筛选获得2株分泌抗CPV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为F1和B6.F1和B6分泌的单克隆抗体Ig亚类均为IgG1;以F1和B6制备的腹水,经检测,间接ELISA效价均为1×105,免疫荧光效价分别为1:3200和1∶6400;F1和B6培养上清的抗体中和效价分别为1∶1024和1∶2048,血凝抑制效价分别为1∶2048和1∶4096;免疫印迹(Western-blotting)和抗原表位分析结果显示,F1和B6分泌的单克隆抗体可能分别针对CPV的空间表位和线性表位.2株分泌抗CPV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株的建立可进一步用于开发CPV特异性诊断制剂和治疗制剂.     

抗猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白中和性单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化的杆状病毒表达的重组猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)Cap蛋白(PCV2-rCap)免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用淋巴细胞瘤杂交技术获得了5株稳定分泌抗PCV2-rCap蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1D2、2E8、3A10、5F2和6F10.这5株杂交瘤细胞诱导同品系小鼠产生的腹水抗体效价分别为1:2 048 000、1:512 000、1:1 024 000、1:512 000、1:1 024 000;其中1D2、2E8、5F2和6F10单抗亚类为IgG2a,仅3A10为IgG1;2E8、3A10、5F2和6F10单抗轻链为入型,仅1D2轻链为K型.Western blot结果显示,这5株单抗中2E8、3A10、5F2和6F10可与自然PCV2-Cap发生反应,而1D2无反应.IPMA和抗原捕获ELISA结果表明,ID2单抗可与PCV2病毒蛋白发生反应,而与PCV1无交叉反应;病毒中和试验证实,1D2单抗具有中和活性,是一株针对PCV2-Cap蛋白中和表位的单抗.这些单抗的制备为PCV2抗原表位分析及分子诊断提供了技术手段.     

抗猪戊型肝炎病毒重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

利用纯化的猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)ORF2-M1重组蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,获得了2株稳定分泌抗HEV ORF2-M1重组蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为BC4和2A10。经ELISA测定,2株杂交瘤细胞培养上清效价分别为1∶1.60×103和1∶0.80×103,接种小鼠的腹水效价分别为1∶2.56×106和1∶1.28×106。2株单抗均能特异性识别重组ORF2-M1蛋白,但它们识别ORF2-M1蛋白的不同表位。间接免疫荧光试验证实,2株单抗具有良好的特异性,均能够识别HEV。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.