大豆耐盐性遗传的研究

利用耐盐品种与盐敏感品种配制杂交组合，根据后代耐盐性的分离表现，研究大豆耐盐性的遗传方式。耐盐×耐盐组合F1、F2及F3代仍表现耐盐；敏感×敏感组合F1、F2及F3代均表现对盐敏感；耐盐×敏感及其反交组合，F1代表现耐盐，F2代耐盐和敏感植株分离比率为3∶1。F2代耐盐株衍生的F3代品系中，纯合耐盐株系和耐盐性分离株系的     

甘蓝型油菜离体小孢子胚胎发生能力的遗传分析

对一套甘蓝型油菜6×6半双列杂交组合和1个F2群体进行了离体小孢子培养。 不同基因型(组合)间产胚率差异极显著, 小孢子产胚率的广义遗传力为0.85。 F1小孢子产胚率具有明显的杂种优势, 平均优势率为10.52%。 小孢子产胚率的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到极显著。 根据一般配合力的大小, 可将供试亲本分为高和低配合力     

芝麻配合力分析

由3个芝麻雄性不育系,3个外引品种和1个当地品种组成7×7半双列杂交,进行配合力测定.结果以丹巴格和巴·辛道斯的gca最好,ms—2×86—1产量最高,其次是ms—2×丹巴格和ms—1×豫芝1号,这些组合的综合性状的sca效应值也高.试验结果认为,两个gca都好的品种配制的组合,其性状的sca方差不一定就高.理想的组合应考虑双亲在亲缘和地理起源方面的差异,以及亲本之一具有高的gca效应值和组合的综合性状具有特定的组合能力.     

小麦抗黄矮病材料产量性状遗传分析

利用3个抗黄矮病材料作母本,4个丰产性品种作父本,采用3×4不完全双列杂交,分析F1产量性状的遗传特性,结果表明:产量性状的遗传符合加性-显性遗传模型,以加性基因效应起主导作用;在所有亲本材料中,R96330单株产量的特殊配合力方差最大,一般配合力效应值也最高,后代组合中存在极显著差异,是一个优良的抗病丰产亲本,在抗病育种中具有较大利用价值。     

种间杂交与陆地棉品种间杂交杂种优势利用研究

选用６个种间杂交种质系作母本,４个陆地棉常规品种作共同父本,按３×４不完全双列杂交设计配制两种类型的组合２４个,分析了１０个性状的杂种优势和配合力效应。结果表明,子、皮棉产量的优势最大,其次是单株铃数,而其余产量性状的优势表现较弱。纤维品质性状的优势亦较大。陆瑟海种质系×陆地棉的子、皮棉产量和品质性状的综合性较突出,均达显著水平。配合力分析结果也表明,（陆瑟海种质系×陆地棉）组合间的变异主要受基因控制,多数性状具有显著或极显著的亲本ＧＣＡ和组合ＳＣＡ差异。     

高赖氨酸玉米主要品质性状的配合力分析

用4个软质胚乳和4个硬质（或半硬质）胚乳的高赖氨酸玉米自交系，进行8×8完全双列杂交试验，分析了后代籽粒品质性状的遗传表现和配合力。软质胚乳亲本和硬质胚乳亲本杂交时，当代F1籽粒的胚乳硬质度表现出显著的正反交差异，以硬质亲本作母本时F1籽粒硬质度较高，但F2籽粒的硬质度无显著的正反交差异。硬×硬类型杂交后代的     

小麦品种抗条锈病性状配合力分析

经过对条锈病不同反映型的8个小麦品种进行不完全双列杂交试验.结果表明,各组合F1之间条锈病病情指数经方差分析差异达显著水平.一般配合力分析:高抗品种为-32.5～-31.6,表现较低,F1抗条锈病性好;中感品种为-28.5～-13.6,表现居中;感病品种为-7.1～-0.4,表现较高,F1抗条锈病性差.因此在杂交组合选配上应尽量选用高抗品种类型.品种在各类型杂交组合中的特殊配合力无明显差异.F2抗条锈病单株分离情况田间调查结果,进一步表明高抗品种杂种后代分离的抗病单株较多、抗病性较好.     

我国几个陆地棉品种枯萎病抗性的遗传分析

根据Hayman(1958)方法对4个抗病品种和4个感病品种共8个亲本及其8个半双列杂交组合的F_2代的平均病级进行双列杂交分析,结果表明.棉花对枯萎病的抗性存在加性和显性效应,无上位性,以加性效应为主;抗性呈不完全显性,受一对基因控制,广义、狭义遗传力都高达90％以上。16个抗×感组合的F_2代抗、感植株出现3:1比例分离,亦证实抗性受一对基因控制。抗、感病品种一般配合力差异达极显著水平,抗×感组合特殊配合力普遍低于感×感,抗×抗组合.因而抗病育种以配制抗×感类型组合为佳。     

低酚陆地棉育种亲本配合力的研究

选择８个现代低酚陆地棉育种亲本（包括４个高酚棉和４个低酚棉品种），按４×４不完全双列杂交设计，对１６个组合的Ｆ×进行了双列分析。结果表明，在所研究的１０个性状中，子棉产量、皮棉产量和纤维整齐度主要受非加性基因控制，单铃重、衣分、比强度、２．５％跨长和麦克隆值则主要由加性基因控制，衣指由加性和非加性基因共同控制，而子指受环境的影响较大；在大多数性状上，高酚棉亲本的加性遗传方差比低酚棉亲本贡献大，而在２．５％跨长和麦克隆值２个性状上，低酚棉亲本的加性遗传方差起着更重要的作用；中７８８６是综合性状比较理想的亲本材料，冀合２２５是较好的高产亲本，冀无２５２和中无１５１是较好的优质低酚棉亲本。综合一般配合力和特殊配合力分析结果，组合中７８８６×冀无２５２可具较好的育种潜力。     

专用棉湘杂棉6号基本特性及应用前景分析

1998年根据育种目标采用不完全双列杂交方法(6×3)配制组合,从中筛选出了一个大铃、高衣分、高衣指,集高产、抗病、适应性强于一体的新组合8891×M-23,2000年参加湖南省棉花区试预备试验,2001-2002年参加湖南棉花品种区域试验,2002-2003年参加江西省棉花品种区域试验,同时在湖南安乡、华容、贺家山等地进行了小面积示范种植。2005年元月通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,命名为湘杂棉6号。1特征特性湘杂棉6号生育期125d左右,为中早熟棉花品种。该组合株型塔型,株高120～135cm,植株高大,茸毛较多,株型舒展,通透性好,茎秆坚硬、抗倒伏,第1…     

Genetic analysis of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica (Mitra)) in bread wheat

Summary An analyis of an F1-based incomplete diallel was conducted involving 11 parents with different levels of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica (Mitra)). It demonstrated that general combining ability (GCA) and thus additive or additive × additive gene effects were very important in the inheritance of resistance, accounting for 86.9% of the variation. Further analysis concentrated on F3 lines derived from individual random F2 plants from crosses with resistant varieties having the highest negative GCA effects. It was shown that the varieties Weaver and W499 have single dominant genes of resistance, which are different from each other, and which differ from a single allelic gene in varieties K342 and Cruz Alta. The majority of the crosses did not demonstrate a relationship between Karnal bunt infection and the number of days to heading. Resistant F3 lines varied in the number of days to heading from 80 to 100.     

Inheritance of salt tolerance in rice

Summary The genetic behavior of salt tolerance was studied in artificially salinized conditions at the International Rice Research Institute.Divergent selection, carried out at a salinity level where the ECe was 15.2 mmhos/cm at 25 C in F₃ lines from two crosses confirmed the effects of salt tolerance on F₄ progeny with realized heritability values of 0.39 and 0.62, respectively.In a cross between two tolerant cultivars there was clear over-dominance for tolerance, despite the high environmental fluctuation which resulted in a low genetic response as indicated by a low but significant repeatability of 0.20–0.25, and many progeny lines more tolerant than the parents were recovered. The superior tolerance of these progenies compared to the parents was confirmed subsequently at 3 different salt levels. In the same experiment a cross between tolerant and susceptible cultivars produced some progeny of comparable tolerance with tolerant sources.In a 6×6 diallel cross experiment with two tolerant, moderate, and susceptible varieties each, both general and specific combining ability were significant.The findings indicate the possibility of breeding rices more tolerant than existing tolerant cultivars through cumulative crosses of tolerant cultivars. Further improvement can be attained by crossing highly tolerant lines with donors of good agronomic traits and pest and disease resistance.     

甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养胚发生能力的遗传分析

用 4× 4完全双列杂交研究了甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养胚状体发生能力的遗传规律。结果表明 :多数F1的胚产量与具高胚发生能力的亲本相近 ,部分F1的胚产量与双亲中亲值接近。胚状体发生能力主要由基因的加性效应控制。高胚发生能力由显性核基因控制。广义和狭义遗传力分别为 97 2 %和 81 1%。由Lisandra(高胚发生能 )×Kamikita(低胚发生能 )的F2 群体胚发生数的分离结果得出小孢子胚状体发生能力由具加性效应特点的两个基因位点控制     

Genetic analysis of mesocotyl length and its relationship with other agronomic characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary Mesocotyl length is an important character in promoting seedling emergence of direct-seeded rice. Genetic analysis of rice mesocotyl length was conducted using a six parent diallel cross. Generation mean analysis was carried out on parents (P), F1, F2 and backcrosses (B) of three crosses to complement the genetic information from the diallel analysis. Both analyses demonstrated the presence of significant additive and dominance effects. Duplicate type of non-allelic interaction was detected by the generation mean analysis and two crosses showed significant negative dominance gene effect. Dominance was partial and the narrow sense heritability estimate for mesocotyl length was high, indicating the preponderance of the additive effects.Mesocotyl length was negatively but weakly correlated with the coleoptile length and length of the second internode L2. There was no correlation between mesocotyl length and other mature plant characters such as plant height and internode lengths L₁, (L₁ being the peduncle with subsequent internodes to the base of the plant). Selection for mesocotyl length can therefore be carried out independent of these plant characters and semidwarf rice varieties with long mesocotyl can be developed.     

Effects of Competition upon the Productivity of White Clover-Perennial Ryegrass Mixtures. Genetic Analysis

A diallel cross amongst four contrasting white clover varieties was used to provide genetic information on those characters which affect the productivity of white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures when grown under a cutting-only management regime. Generally speaking those characters recorded on the clover families and in mixtures exhibited highly significant additive and non-ad dative genetic effects, though for1 sortie characters the latter could not be ascribed solely to dominance effects. For two of the clover characters, stolon and leaf number, the genetic picture was radically altered in mixtures by the effects of inter-specific competition Pseudo-genetic effects were also detected for the grass characters, bur it was suggested that the two ryegrass varieties used here were exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. As a group the four intra-varietal crosses performed significantly better than the six intra-varietal crosses for all clover and mixture characters. Only one of the inter-varietal crosses had significantly positive specific combining ability effects for most characters and that was between the two long established varieties ‘S. 184’ and ‘S. 100’. The implications of these results for the breeding of white clover varieties for use in mixtures are briefly discussed.     

大豆亲本品种数量性状的配合力分析

采用6个大豆亲本双列杂交设计,研究亲本及F_1、F_2的配合力.各性状的一般和特殊配合力方差分析多达显著水平.一般配合力效应表现较好的有豫豆6号和郑8431.在F_1和F_2中同一性状不同组合或同一组合不同性状间的特殊配合力效应具有显著差异.在不同世代中根据遗传力的大小,应对不同性状进行选择.单株粒重遗传力较低,不易在早期世代选择.     

陆地棉核不育系杂交组合F1经济性状杂种优势及遗传分析

为探究利用陆地棉核不育系配制杂交种在经济性状方面的优势及遗传特点,采用3个陆地棉核不育亲本与4个陆地棉可育亲本不完全双列杂交设计,对12个F1杂交组合及对照经济性状进行表型方差分析,利用加性-显性（AD）模型,对其亲本及12个F1组合进行配合力分析,同时对经济性状进行遗传方差及相关性分析。结果表明,经济性状方面,F1组合竞争优势不明显。不育系2、可育亲本48784特殊配合力和一般配合力均较高,可选作优良杂交亲本;经济性状的加性方差占表型方差比值较大,单铃重、衣分的狭义遗传率在70%以上,早代选择有效;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量的狭义遗传率在25%以上、显性方差占表现总方差的比值达到极显著水平,这3个性状宜在偏晚世代选择,并且有较好的杂种优势利用潜力;除衣分与籽棉产量加性遗传相关不显著、单铃重与衣分加性遗传负向极显著相关外,其他成对性状加性遗传相关均达到了正向显著水平以上;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量之间及单铃重与衣分的显性相关都达到了极显著水平。不育系在棉花杂种优势利用方面具有较大的利用前景。     

衣分不同陆地棉品种的产量及产量构成因素的遗传分析

选用衣分不同的陆地棉品种配置组合,率先将主基因-多基因联合世代分析与双列杂交试验分析相结合,分别从单个和整体基因水平上对棉花产量及产量构成因素进行了遗传研究。对2个高×低衣分组合的主基因-多基因6世代联合分析结果表明,各产量性状至少在1个组合中检测到主基因的存在,说明产量性状主基因存在的普遍性。由2个组合各产量性状的主基因、多基因遗传率比较得出,产量性状的主基因遗传率比多基因遗传率在不同组合间趋势变化相对较稳定;各性状在2个组合中的主基因、多基因遗传率分量不完全相同。衣分、铃重和籽指在2个组合中分别以主基因遗传为主和以多基因遗传为主;子棉产量和皮棉产量在2个组合中均以主基因遗传为主;衣指在组合I中以多基因遗传为主,在组合II中属于典型的多基因遗传;单株铃数在组合I中属于典型的主基因遗传,在组合II中以多基因遗传为主。双列杂交结果表明,陆地棉产量及产量构成因素都有较高的遗传主效应方差,产量性状受加性效应和显性效应共同控制,其中,衣分、衣指以加性效应为主;子棉产量、铃重和籽指以显性效应为主;皮棉产量和单株铃数以加性和显性效应为主。衣分和衣指的普通广义遗传率和普通狭义遗传率均最高,与联合世代分析两性状的总遗传率平均值结果趋势一致。相关和通径分析一致表明,产量构成因素中单株铃数对皮棉产量的贡献最大,衣分次之,铃重最小。     

Performance of upland coloured cotton germplasm lines in line × tester crosses

Anthracnose is a serious disease affecting dry bean production especially in the cool highland areas worldwide. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of anthracnose resistance in market-class dry beans. A complete diallel set of crosses was generated from nine diverse parents comprising six resistant and three susceptible to anthracnose. The F₁ and F₂ crosses and parents were artificially inoculated with Colletotriclum lindenumthianum Race-767 in a growth room. There was significant variation for anthracnose resistance among genotypes. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability effects were significant for resistance, indicating importance of both additive and non-additive effects, respectively. Preponderance of GCA effects (66%) suggested that additive effects were more important than non-additive effects (24%), which were also reflected by high heritability estimates (70%), and suggested that simple selection or backcrossing would be useful for improving the resistance in market class varieties. The study was not conclusive on whether epistatic gene action played a major role, but if available it might have biased the dominance gene effects. Reciprocal effects (10%) were not significant (P > 0.05), suggesting that cytoplasmic genes did not play a major role in modifying anthracnose resistance. Parental lines G2333, AB136, NAT002, and NAT003 showed highly negative GCA effects qualifying them as suitable parents for transferring resistance genes to their progenies. A few major genes, 1–3, displaying partial dominance conditioned anthracnose resistance, suggesting a possibility of using marker-assisted selection to improve anthracnose resistance in market-class dry beans.     

试用配合力进行粳型水稻杂种优势生态型的划分

利用9个生态类型55份粳稻亲本材料，以生态型进行双列杂交，研究供试亲本的一般配合力和各生态型组合的特殊配合力以此分析粳稻的优势生态型。结果表明：各生态型主要性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到显著水平，且一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差。配合力分析表明西北粳、台湾粳和非洲ITA粳在多个性状上具有较高的一