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对云南省德宏州瑞丽柠檬开花期的访花昆虫及访花行为的研究结果:柠檬访花昆虫有30种,分别隶属于缨翅目、同翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目、膜翅目和蜚蠊目,其中鞘翅目的种类最多,有7种,占36.3%,其次为缨翅目,有5种,占32%;柠檬上危害性访花昆虫以蓟马、德国小蠊为主;食蚜蝇科、蚁科、蚜小蜂科和蜜蜂科有一定的传粉作用,为非危害性访花昆虫。瑞丽7:30以前柠檬植株上露水尚未褪去,因此在柠檬树上很少出现访花昆虫;8:00-9:00伴随着露水的逐渐褪去,并陆续出现访花昆虫,10:00-13:30访花昆虫和数量都达到高峰期,下午17:00以后访花昆虫数量下降,阴雨来临前的2~3个小时,可见访花昆虫大量减少。 相似文献
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《蜜蜂杂志》2016,(12)
吉林省延边地区为我国苹果梨主要产区,对地区经济发展的作用举足轻重。但近年来人工授粉成本渐高,急需新的授粉方法取代,而昆虫无疑是最佳的选择,调查研究苹果梨授粉昆虫资源,对产业发展意义重大。选择5棵代表性生境样点植株作为调查目标,采用定点观测和踏查结合的方式,调查苹果梨授粉昆虫资源,研究影响昆虫授粉的因素,探讨延边地区苹果梨授粉方式及蜜蜂授粉的应用前景。吉林延边苹果梨产区苹果梨花期访花昆虫5目13科16种,膜翅目和双翅目为优势种;各样点访花昆虫种类占生境昆虫总数的近1/3,但访花频率极低;蜂场1 km范围内,蜜蜂访花率较高,占昆虫总数的94.74%以上,占有绝对优势;农药可能是导致梨园访花昆虫稀少的主要原因之一;蜜蜂授粉具有易驯化、节约成本、坐果率高、安全高效等优势,为苹果梨授粉前景广阔。 相似文献
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为探明芒果广西芒果传粉昆虫种类及明确蝇类对芒果授粉效果的影响,以期服务于昆虫辅助授粉技术开发、提高芒果的产品和质量,开展了芒果产区芒果传粉昆虫调查、引蝇材料筛选、蝇类日访花节律和引蝇授粉等试验。南宁芒果产区观察到2目7科13种传粉昆虫,百色田东产区观察到6目15科19种传粉昆虫,主要为双翅目和膜翅目昆虫;综合停留时间和数量分析,两地的主要传粉昆虫种类有一定的差异,南宁产区的主要传粉昆虫为大头金蝇、黑带食蚜蝇、斑眼食蚜蝇、羽芒宽盾食蚜蝇,百色田东产区的主要传粉昆虫为大头金蝇、家蝇、黑带食蚜蝇和铜绿丽蝇,但大头金蝇是最主要的传粉昆虫,占调查果园授粉昆虫总数的27.30%以上。猪粪和鱼内脏的材料组合引蝇效果最好。13:00~14:00是蝇类访花的高峰时间段,晴天有利于蝇类访花,而阴雨天不利于蝇类访花,且距离诱蝇盒越近,引蝇访花效果越好。花期引蝇可以促进芒果授粉受精,增加单株果数和正常果数,降低无胚果率。 相似文献
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家蚕核糖体18S RNA基因的序列分析及分子系统学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为研究家蚕18S DNA基因的特点及分子进化,以家蚕丝腺为材料提取家蚕基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增、测序鳞翅目家蚕(Bombyx mori)核糖体小亚基18S RNA基因(18S rDNA)的全序列,将该序列与等翅目、直翅目、衤责翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、捻翅目、弹尾目、蜉蝣目各一种昆虫的18S rDNA进行了比较。用DNAstav软件分析并进行序列比对,结果表明,昆虫18S rDNA有4段序列较为保守,以18S rDNA比对的第2保守区段构建的分子系统发育树表明鳞翅目和双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目进化关系最近,等翅目、直翅目、衤责翅目进化上较为接近,捻翅目昆虫与弹尾目昆虫的亲缘关系较为接近,捻翅目在分类上应是一种古老的昆虫。 相似文献
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黄土高原中南部地区是我国苹果主产区之一,昆虫授粉是当地苹果优质高产的重要环节。本文基于2010-2012年的观察记录和标本采集,分析了我国黄土高原中南部部分地区(天水市麦积区、平凉市静宁县和白银市景泰县)苹果花期的访花昆虫种类、数量及主要访花昆虫——蜜蜂的活动规律。结果表明,3个地区苹果花上访花昆虫在种类和数量方面均存在较大差异;三县(区)所有访花昆虫中膜翅目昆虫分别占56%、53%和55%,说明其为当地苹果花期主要的访花昆虫种类;蜜蜂是天水和平凉两地苹果花期的主要传粉昆虫,个体数量分别占所有访花昆虫的92.6%和60%;一天当中的9:00-18:40,苹果花上访花蜜蜂的数量变化呈现双峰现象。 相似文献
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蜜蜂是膜翅目、细腰亚目、蜜蜂科的一类群居昆虫。在长期进化中演化了采蜜的特性,并形成了相应的形体结构,在园艺植物授粉中起着重要的作用。在草莓生产中,借助于蜜蜂传粉相比人工传粉的果实产量和品质都得到明显提高,将蜜蜂运用到草莓等园艺作物的生产中是解决授粉问题的一个非常有效的方法。但在全球范围内,蜜蜂也正在遭受着众多的威胁,需要引起重视。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献