Brief Study on Physiological Effects of Sound Field on Actinidia Chinensis Callus

Insight into the relationship between plant cell (tissue) and physical stimulation is a focus of biomechanics. In this study, several important plant physiological indexes of Actinidia chinensis callus in sound field including the content of soluble proteins, the activity of SOD, the activity of IAA oxidase and the penetrability of cell membrane, were measured. Some information is got about stress effect through the study and try to explore its mechanism. From the result of experiment,we found that there were a great similarity of stress effect on sound field between Actinidia chinensis and Gerbera Jamesonii acrocarpous , a kind of herbage plant, which had been studied in our lab before. That is to say, the sound field also has dual effect on woody plant. It can enhance or inhibit the growth and development of Actinidia chinensis callus along with the sound field frequency ,and the moderate frequency of sound field acting on the callus could promote callus growth. A conclusion is drawn that the optimal stimulation of sound field are 100 dB and 1 000 Hz. Under the conditions, the sound field can distinctly enhance the growth of Actinidia chinensis callus Whereas, it is not very easy to explore the detail mechanism of environmental stress effects on plant. This paper discussed the mechanism of sound field stress on plant from the level of cell and molecule.     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Echinacea Purpurea

It is a burgeoning application field for the biotechnology that to apply the technique of plant tissue culture breed seedling. The authors study the responses of Echinacea purpurea to different proportion plant growth hormone or auxin through adopting the culture tissue technique on the MS. The integrated seedling of Echinacea purpurea can be cultivated by callus, subculture, differentiation and rhizogenesis. The surviving rate of Echinacea purpurea seedling transplant are improved by appropriate sound stimulation appropriate. Study harvest offers the gist for the large-scale breeding seedling and the officinal resource exploitation of Echinacea purpurea in our country, and avoid some traditional handicap in breeding seedling of Echinacea purpurea, such as the difficult of seed collection, low burgeoning rate, and the disadvantage for large-scale propagation.     

油棕育种的研究进展和展望

油棕是热带地区重要的木本油料作物之一。由于是多年生植物,传统的常规杂交育种方法周期长,随着组培技术和分子生物学技术在油棕育种中的应用,已成为油棕遗传改良研究的重要辅助手段。本文从油棕育种的研究现状及未来发展等进行综述。     

不同育苗基质对擎天树容器苗生长的影响

为了探索擎天树人工育苗技术及筛选其适宜的育苗栽培基质,以黄心土、草皮泥、椰糠、粗河砂及珍珠岩等为试验材料,组成4种不同配比的栽培基质进行育苗试验对擎天树容器苗形态生长指标进行了研究。结果表明,不同配比基质对苗木的苗高、地径、叶片数量与叶面积,根系生长以及生物量积累等指标均有显著的影响。M3（50%黄心土+30%草皮泥+20%椰糠+3%钙镁磷肥）培育的苗木表现最好,平均苗高、平均地径、单株叶面积、单株总生物量比最差基质处理分别高19.41%、14.69%、45.56%和48.26%,是较为理想的配比组合,建议在生产上推广应用。     

狗枣猕猴桃(Actinidia kolomikta)查尔酮合酶AkCHS1生物信息学分析

查尔酮合酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)是类黄酮合成途径的关键酶和限速酶,在植物花色素苷形成中具有重要作用,并参与植物的育性、机械损伤的防御反应等。本研究利用生物信息学方法在RNA-seq数据中获得了狗枣猕猴桃查尔酮合酶基因(AkCHS1)的序列信息,并对AkCHS1进行结构及功能预测。结果表明,狗枣猕猴桃AkCHS1的c DNA全长为1577 bp,CDS为1167 bp,编码蛋白由389个氨基酸构成,具有CHS_like的保守序列,是查尔酮合酶(PLN03169)超家族的一员,是一个亲水性、稳定的蛋白。与其他19种植物的查尔酮合酶氨基酸序列进行对比,结果表明,狗枣猕猴桃AkCHS1与中华猕猴桃及其变种亲缘关系较近,而与桑树、柑橘等植物亲缘关系较远。本研究为狗枣猕猴桃AkCHS1基因功能的进一步研究提供了参考。     

植物组培苗培养技术数据库查询系统的构建

当前,植物组织培养研究工作从组培苗种类到研究成果日益增加和提高,为增强其研究成果的生产力转换效率,增加农业企业信息需求,满足农业生产的需要,笔者采用计算机网络编程技术,应用ASP语言,设计完成了包含组培苗全套培养信息的培养技术数据库,编写了技术数据库检索查询系统,该系统实现了植物组培苗技术的集中与网上资源共享,为植物组培科研工作者提供了丰富的研究信息,也为企业增加了农业生产创新途径,同时更有效地加强了高水平组培技术和优良组培苗的推广及应用于农业生产。     

山菠菜胆碱单加氧酶基因对棉花的遗传转化和耐盐性表达

胆碱单加氧酶（CMO）是渗透保护剂甜菜碱生物合成的关键酶之一。以棉花（Gossypium hirsutium L.）泗棉3号的下胚轴切段为外植体，利用农杆菌介导法将克隆自山菠菜（Atriplex hortensis）的AhCMO基因导入其中，通过组织培养胚状体发生途径获得转基因再生植株。以0.5%卡那霉素对再生苗筛选后，PCR检测抗卡那霉素棉苗确认阳性转化株，Southern和Northern杂交结果进一步证实外源基因已导入棉花并得到表达。在温室盆栽条件下，于2片真叶期对转AhCMO基因棉花及其转化受体泗棉3号施加0.5%的NaCl胁迫，15 d后发现其光合作用和植株生长被显著抑制，非转基因棉花泗棉3号的株高、鲜重和光合速率分别降低了57.6%、65.6%和69.9%，而转AhCMO基因的棉株分别降低了37.3%、54.6% 和47.9%。转AhCMO棉花所受盐害程度显著小于非转基因的棉株，说明AhCMO基因的导入和表达提高了转基因棉花的耐盐性。     

草莓组培苗体细胞无性系变异研究

组培过程中变异的普遍性,显著影响植物的遗传稳定性,限制组培技术在农业生产上的应用。草莓组培苗已在农业生产中广泛应用,但变异却时有发生,严重影响其生产效益。因此,如何有效控制变异的发生是草莓及其他组培快繁技术中亟待解决的问题。笔者分析了影响组培变异的主要因素有外植体类型、基因型、培养基中激素种类和配比、继代培养的时间和次数,和内在遗传机理如染色体异常、转座子活化和基因突变等,针对这些影响因素,建议选择幼嫩的外植体、优化培养基配方、控制增殖系数和继代次数以及选择合适的光照和温度等培养条件,控制组培过程中变异的发生。同时,利用形态观察和RAPD、SSR等技术对组培苗进行检测,及时剔除变异组织或变异植株,减少变异对生产的不利影响。通过总结草莓组培中变异发生的原因和有效控制变异的途径,为包括草莓在内的植物脱毒组培快繁技术的健康发展提供参考,同时,对变异的深入认识,为植物品种改良和新品种的选育提供了新思路。     

组培苗苗龄对荔浦芋生长及产量品质的影响

通过不同苗龄的组培苗同传统子芋球茎苗生长状况、产量及品质的对比，结果表明：大苗龄组培苗的株高极显著高于子芋球茎苗和小苗龄组培苗，但与中苗龄组培苗无显著差异；大苗龄组培苗产量和子芋球茎苗无显著差异，而中、小苗龄组培苗极显著低于子芋球茎苗；大苗龄组培苗淀粉含量高于中、小苗龄组培苗及子芋球茎苗，但蛋白质含量较低。     

VIGS实验技术体系在月季中的应用及优化

旨在月季中建立高效、快速的VIGS实验技术体系,以期能够改进VIGS技术体系在月季等木本植物表达效率低等缺陷。采用RT-PCR方法进行月季RhPDS 基因片段的克隆,在以pTRV2 为原载体,采用双酶切的方法构建了pTRV2-RhPDS 重组载体。经双酶切及测序验证后,通过电击法转化农杆菌GV3101,并分别采用高压喷枪法对月季植株进行侵染、采用真空渗透法对扦插苗以及组培苗进行侵染。采用qRT-PCR方法分析RhPDS 基因的表达。结果显示：构建的重组载体pTRV2-RhPDS,经双酶切验证,显示条带单一清晰,符合预期目标。在侵染方法和材料上,采用真空渗透法侵染组培苗是最为快速、高效的方式。该试验获得了较为高效、快速VIGS 技术体系,提高了VIGS 技术体系在月季上表达效率。     

植物花粉培养研究进展

本文综述了国内外植物花粉培养研究进展,系统的介绍了花粉培养的意义、影响花粉培养效率的诸多因素及当前花粉培养存在的问题与展望。     

植物组织培养中的快繁与脱毒技术及其应用

综述了植物离体快速繁殖技术和脱毒技术的形成、特点及其在花卉、林木、果树、蔬菜等方面的应用,阐述了利用快繁与脱毒技术生产种苗的主要技术环节,包括培养基的作用和选配要点、外植体选取的原则和快繁与脱毒的不同要求、试管苗驯化的方法与移栽要求、种苗生产计划的制定与成本预算方法。     

观赏棕榈播种育苗关键技术研究

全面地揭示了观赏棕榈播种育苗过程中几个关键技术问题,为建立观赏棕榈种苗生产技术规程提供了依据为掌握观赏棕榈植物播种育苗的关键技术,建立高效种苗繁育体系,研究比较了部分观赏棕榈植物种子采后贮藏时间、播种基质、播种方式和幼苗移植期对种子发芽及幼苗的影响。结果表明,棕榈植物种子采后适宜贮藏时间依种子产地而异,采自新加坡的蒲葵和棕竹种子采后即播或短期贮藏（＜45d）后播种发芽率显著高于采自福建的种子,而采自福建的种子拌沙湿藏较长时间（＞75d）后的发芽率则显著高于采自新加坡的种子;育苗基质以5份椰糠、3份河沙和2份泥炭按体积比配制的混合基质Ⅱ或以5份椰糠和5份河沙按体积比配制的混合基质Ⅰ较好;种子萌发为近距带鞘型的假槟榔和散尾葵可采用地播或盘播育苗,且在1叶期移植幼苗成活率最高,越迟移植成活率越低;而远距无鞘型的伊拉克蜜枣宜采用袋播育苗。研究结果较     

仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的动态变化

为了研究仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的变化规律,应用纯种猪等孢球虫孢子化卵囊人工感染9头6日龄仔猪,分别检测了感染前1d和感染后1、3、6、9、11d (DPI) 外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞。结果显示,DPI 3,CD3+、CD4+T细胞增加,之后下降,但差异均不显著（p>0.05）;CD8＋T细胞在DPI 6增加,DPI 9达峰值（P<0.05）。CD4+/CD8+值在DPI 6下降,DPI 11达到最低点。表明DPI 3感染仔猪的免疫功能有所增强,而DPI 8后仔猪免疫功能受到抑制。     

Sex distinction of asparagus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and observation of seedling phenotypes

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious plant. In general, male and female plants are used for open-field culture and intensive cultivation, respectively. Farmers distinguish between the sexes by observing the form of the flower organs. However, because flowering begins 2?C3 years after planting, the sexes cannot be differentiated at transplantation by using this method, and planting of an all-male population is not possible. In this study, the usefulness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a simple method of gene amplification, for sex distinction at the DNA level was determined. In addition, the phenotypic differences in seeds and seedlings of male and female plants were investigated for application as a method of early sex distinction. By using the LAMP method, the sex could be correctly identified in 100% of the seedlings, suggesting that this method is effective for sex distinction at the gene level. Principal component analysis was conducted with 11 selected parameters after investigating the seeds and seedlings of both male and female plants. The results revealed that male plants tend to have many stalks or cladophylls and female plants tend to have large plant forms, suggesting that the sexes can be distinguished by the external appearance of the seedlings before planting. LAMP and observation of the seedling phenotypes could be useful methods of sex distinction for increasing the efficiency of asparagus breeding.     

Manova and discriminant analyses of phenotypic data as a guide for parent selection in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) breeding

Evaluation of seedling populations assists in identifying those plants most desirable as parents for a breeding programme. A multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) showed that the seedling populations from 6 kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) crosses differed in their overall merit. Discriminant functions were then used to identify the characters most powerful in distinguishing between populations. The populations were placed in order of their function scores which represent overall merit, and the superior populations were determined. The results showed that `Bruno' was a superior female parent for the production of seedlings with high discriminant function scores for floriferousness (male offspring)and productivity and high vitamin C content (female offspring). One male parent D-1-20 was consistently superior to D-1-6 the other male parent. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Breeding of non-bitter cucumbers

A large number of seedlings of various cucumber varieties have been tested for bitterness. In the American variety Improved Long Green one plant was encountered that was non-bitter. This form of non-bitterness is highly valuable for breeding purposes, because of the possibility to select for non-bitterness at the seedling stage. Non-bitter varieties, as occur in other Cucurbitaceae, were not encountered in the many verieties investigated. Bitterness of cucumber and melon plants seems to be controlled by one dominant gene.Plants can be judged for non-bitterness simply by tasting them, provided that the tasters have previously been tested for sufficient discriminatory power.Non-bitterness of the young seedlings can also be shown by a chemical reaction. To this end a simple method has been developed.     

木本植物化学控根技术研究进展

为了研究化学控根在容器育苗中的作用，总结了化学控根的研究进展、原理、技术与方法，分析了化学控根的目的是防止栽培于容器中的苗木根系产生畸形。指出化学控根剂可以防止根系缠绕和生长畸形，进而提高根系对水分和养分的吸收，提高苗木的成活率并促进后期生长。目前常用的化学控根试剂主要是铜(Cu)试剂和锌(Zn)试剂，还有氟乐灵、乙烯磷以及生长调节剂等。通过分析，我们认为目前化学控根主要应用于木本植物的容器育苗，木本植物主根较为发达，化学控根是有效控制木本植物容器苗根系发育的主要手段之一，对提高苗木质量具有重要研究意义。     

金莲花组织培养和快繁体系建立的研究

近年来,野生金莲花资源因被大量采摘而受到严重破坏,对野生金莲花进行引种驯化,并将之运用于园林绿化具有重要意义。本研究以金莲花种子为初始材料建立金莲花离体培养体系,研究不同灭菌时间对金莲花成苗的影响,同时通过比较不同培养基对金莲花增殖和生长的影响,筛选获得适宜金莲花增殖和生根培养的最佳培养基。研究结果如下：用0.1% HgCl2对金莲花种子灭菌20 min可有效抑菌;适宜金莲花增殖培养的培养基是1/2MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,适宜金莲花生根、壮苗培养的培养基是1/2MS或1/2MS+0.05 mg/L NAA。试验结果将为金莲花快繁和规模化生产提供依据。     

Comparison of resistance of triticale,wheat and spelt to septoria nodorum blotch at the seedling and adult plant stages

Summary On average, the cereal species studied were susceptible to septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), except for spring triticale on leaf and head and winter titicale on leaf, that appeared to be significantly more resistant, than the other ones.In all three species the SNB response of the adult plants was to a limited extent only predicted by the reaction on first leaf seedlings. In most cases it was impossible to predict the response to SNB of adult plants on the basis of seedling reaction. Correlations between the adult plant stage and the seedling stage, or detached seedling leaves, appears not to be sufficient for use in practical breeding work. A reversal of reaction to SNB was even found between the above growth stages in studied spring and winter wheat varieties.