姬松茸发酵全液多糖提取及其抗肿瘤活性

液体发酵姬松茸 ,从发酵全液中提粗多糖 ,研究其体内抗肿瘤活性。用 0 2g/kg、 0 4g/kg、 0 8g/kg三个剂量组对荷S180 小鼠进行灌胃 ,结果发现 ,姬松茸发酵全液粗多糖得率为 1 78g/ 10 0mL、多糖含量为 4 6 4 %。低中高三个剂量组对肿瘤的抑制率分别为 2 5 6 1%、 4 7 5 6 %和 5 4 34%。同时能提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。姬松茸发酵全液多糖具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。     

姬松茸多糖超声波循环提取工艺研究

采用超声波循环萃取设备提取姬松茸多糖,以多糖提取得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验研究提取温度、超声功率、投料比、提取时间等4个因素对姬松茸多糖提取效果的影响。结果表明姬松茸多糖超声波循环提取的最佳条件为:提取温度40℃,超声功率600 W,投料比8%,提取时间20 min。     

姬松茸多糖抗肿瘤的实验研究

应用细胞培养技术 ,观察了姬松茸多糖对K5 6 2和HL - 6 0细胞系的影响。研究结果表明 ,实验组活细胞数、集落形成明显减少 ,荧光显微镜下所见凋亡细胞显著增加。提示姬松茸多糖具有抗肿瘤效果。为了探讨姬松茸多糖抗肿瘤的机理 ,本实验还应用反义寡聚脱氧核糖核酸技术 ,进一步观察了姬松茸多糖与人端粒酶反义核酸协同诱导HL - 6 0细胞系凋亡的作用 ,实验结果表明 ,姬松茸多糖与反义寡核苷酸联合使用 ,可促进HL- 6 0细胞凋亡。     

超滤分离姬松茸子实体多糖的工艺研究

离心分离预处理、超滤提取姬松茸多糖，工艺简单可行、产品纯度好。超滤操作条件为室温(20℃)，操作压力0．08～0．10MPa，pm～8，多糖可浓缩至35g／L。所得多糖制品纯度高达82．79％。     

姬松茸多糖硫酸酯分子量测定方法的研究

利用氯磺酸-吡啶法制备姬松茸多糖硫酸酯，采用高效凝胶渗透色谱（HPGPC）对姬松茸多糖硫酸酯（ABPs）相对分子质量及其分布的测定方法进行了系统的研究。通过实验，得到HPGPC测定的适宜条件为：以0．0125N NaNO3为流动相，柱温35℃，流速0．6mL/min，进样浓度0．30％，进样体积50μL；同时实验结果表明，酯化多糖的测定与电解质的浓度有关。     

姬松茸多糖提取方法初探

姬松茸子实体多糖提取的最佳条件是加水量1：30，沸水浴4h，乙醇沉淀浓度80%。试验还进一步分析了不同乙醇沉淀浓度下姬松茸多糖产品的氨基酸组成及含量。     

姬松茸多糖对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护的研究

主要探讨了姬松茸多糖对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用及其作用机制.将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,12周后进行血尿生化指标测定,HE染色观察肾脏病理变化,并采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测肾组织细胞凋亡情况.结果表明,姬松茸多糖治疗组小鼠尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(BCr)、24 h尿蛋白(UPr)含量显著降低,差异具有高度显著性(p＜0.01).光镜下可见,姬松茸多糖治疗组多数小鼠肾小球、肾小管结构正常.8%多糖组电泳只出现1条距加样孔很近的大分子条带,电泳无"梯状"图谱出现,发生凋亡的细胞数非常少.姬松茸多糖具有保护糖尿病大鼠肾脏功能的作用,其作用机理可能与抑制肾组织细胞凋亡有关.     

一种姬松茸栽培料配方筛选

以杏鲍菇菌渣和玉米芯作为姬松茸栽培基质,设计同一碳氮比的8个栽培料配方进行姬松茸(A-5)常规栽培试验,以筛选一种最适宜姬松茸生产的栽培料配方,降低镉富集,改善品质。结果表明:配方T5(当菌渣添加17%时)姬松茸菌丝生长速度快;总产量(3 293.35g)和生物学效率(38.70%)均达到姬松茸常规栽培料CK2(稻草45%、玉米芯30%、干牛粪20%、磷酸二氢钾2%,尿素、石灰及石膏各1%,其碳氮比为40∶1)水平且显著高于其余配方;且子实体多糖得率(17.02%)显著高于其余配方;氨基酸组成与比例远超过理想氨基酸模式。同时子实体中镉富集量较CK2降低20.14mg·kg-1。研究结果可以为栽培姬松茸的基质选择提供参考。     

姬松茸多糖对人体健康的改善作用及机制

为了验证低分子姬松茸菌对人体健康的改善作用。在探讨姬松茸多糖的药用价值的基础上,对低分子姬松茸多糖的提取和纯化方法进行了试验,通过单因素试验与正交试验确定了提取最佳条件;对低分子姬松茸多糖抗肝癌HepG-2细胞的活性进行了试验,结果显示,低分子姬松茸多糖对肝癌HepG-2细胞的抵制率要高于普通多糖,但纯化后的低分子姬松茸多糖抑制率反而会降低,证明了多糖中的某些蛋白质具有一定的抗癌效果,抗癌活性与多糖的纯化和含量没有相关性。     

姬松茸粗多糖抗氧化作用

为研究姬松茸(Agaricus blazei)粗多糖的抗氧化作用,对姬松茸粗多糖的还原能力、螯合金属离子能力,清除DPPH·和O2-·的能力及体外抗脂质过氧化能力进行测定。结果表明,姬松茸粗多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力,且随其浓度的增加而增强。当浓度为2mg/mL时,还原力测试混合液的吸光值为0.293,对金属螯合率、DPPH·和O2-·的清除率以及体外脂质过氧化抑制率分别为40.1%、88.8%、71.2%和84.5%。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.